# # Copyright 2001, 2005 Red Hat, Inc. # # This is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it # under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by # the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or # (at your option) any later version. # # This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but # WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of # MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU # General Public License for more details. # # You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License # along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, # Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA import struct import socket import sys import acutil DNS_C_IN = 1 DNS_C_CS = 2 DNS_C_CHAOS = 3 DNS_C_HS = 4 DNS_C_ANY = 255 DNS_T_A = 1 DNS_T_NS = 2 DNS_T_CNAME = 5 DNS_T_SOA = 6 DNS_T_NULL = 10 DNS_T_WKS = 11 DNS_T_PTR = 12 DNS_T_HINFO = 13 DNS_T_MX = 15 DNS_T_TXT = 16 DNS_T_SRV = 33 DNS_T_ANY = 255 DEBUG_DNSCLIENT = False class DNSQueryHeader: FORMAT = "!HBBHHHH" def __init__(self): self.dns_id = 0 self.dns_rd = 0 self.dns_tc = 0 self.dns_aa = 0 self.dns_opcode = 0 self.dns_qr = 0 self.dns_rcode = 0 self.dns_z = 0 self.dns_ra = 0 self.dns_qdcount = 0 self.dns_ancount = 0 self.dns_nscount = 0 self.dns_arcount = 0 def pack(self): return struct.pack(DNSQueryHeader.FORMAT, self.dns_id, (self.dns_rd & 1) | (self.dns_tc & 1) << 1 | (self.dns_aa & 1) << 2 | (self.dns_opcode & 15) << 3 | (self.dns_qr & 1) << 7, (self.dns_rcode & 15) | (self.dns_z & 7) << 4 | (self.dns_ra & 1) << 7, self.dns_qdcount, self.dns_ancount, self.dns_nscount, self.dns_arcount) def unpack(self, data): (self.dns_id, byte1, byte2, self.dns_qdcount, self.dns_ancount, self.dns_nscount, self.dns_arcount) = struct.unpack(DNSQueryHeader.FORMAT, data[0:self.size()]) self.dns_rd = byte1 & 1 self.dns_tc = (byte1 >> 1) & 1 self.dns_aa = (byte1 >> 2) & 1 self.dns_opcode = (byte1 >> 3) & 15 self.dns_qr = (byte1 >> 7) & 1 self.dns_rcode = byte2 & 15 self.dns_z = (byte2 >> 4) & 7 self.dns_ra = (byte1 >> 7) & 1 def size(self): return struct.calcsize(DNSQueryHeader.FORMAT) def unpackQueryHeader(data): header = DNSQueryHeader() header.unpack(data) return header class DNSResult: FORMAT = "!HHIH" QFORMAT = "!HH" def __init__(self): self.dns_name = "" self.dns_type = 0 self.dns_class = 0 self.dns_ttl = 0 self.dns_rlength = 0 self.rdata = None def unpack(self, data): (self.dns_type, self.dns_class, self.dns_ttl, self.dns_rlength) = struct.unpack(DNSResult.FORMAT, data[0:self.size()]) def qunpack(self, data): (self.dns_type, self.dns_class) = struct.unpack(DNSResult.QFORMAT, data[0:self.qsize()]) def size(self): return struct.calcsize(DNSResult.FORMAT) def qsize(self): return struct.calcsize(DNSResult.QFORMAT) class DNSRData: def __init__(self): pass #typedef struct dns_rr_a { # u_int32_t address; #} dns_rr_a_t; # #typedef struct dns_rr_cname { # const char *cname; #} dns_rr_cname_t; # #typedef struct dns_rr_hinfo { # const char *cpu, *os; #} dns_rr_hinfo_t; # #typedef struct dns_rr_mx { # u_int16_t preference; # const char *exchange; #} dns_rr_mx_t; # #typedef struct dns_rr_null { # unsigned const char *data; #} dns_rr_null_t; # #typedef struct dns_rr_ns { # const char *nsdname; #} dns_rr_ns_t; # #typedef struct dns_rr_ptr { # const char *ptrdname; #} dns_rr_ptr_t; # #typedef struct dns_rr_soa { # const char *mname; # const char *rname; # u_int32_t serial; # int32_t refresh; # int32_t retry; # int32_t expire; # int32_t minimum; #} dns_rr_soa_t; # #typedef struct dns_rr_txt { # const char *data; #} dns_rr_txt_t; # #typedef struct dns_rr_srv { # const char *server; # u_int16_t priority; # u_int16_t weight; # u_int16_t port; #} dns_rr_srv_t; def dnsNameToLabel(name): out = "" name = name.split(".") for part in name: out += chr(len(part)) + part return out def dnsFormatQuery(query, qclass, qtype): header = DNSQueryHeader() header.dns_id = 0 # FIXME: id = 0 header.dns_rd = 1 # don't know why the original code didn't request recursion for non SOA requests header.dns_qr = 0 # query header.dns_opcode = 0 # standard query header.dns_qdcount = 1 # single query qlabel = dnsNameToLabel(query) if not qlabel: return "" out = header.pack() + qlabel out += chr(qtype >> 8) out += chr(qtype & 0xff) out += chr(qclass >> 8) out += chr(qclass & 0xff) return out def dnsParseLabel(label, base): # returns (output, rest) if not label: return ("", None) update = 1 rest = label output = "" skip = 0 try: while ord(rest[0]): if ord(rest[0]) & 0xc0: rest = base[((ord(rest[0]) & 0x3f) << 8) + ord(rest[1]):] if update: skip += 2 update = 0 continue output += rest[1:ord(rest[0]) + 1] + "." if update: skip += ord(rest[0]) + 1 rest = rest[ord(rest[0]) + 1:] except IndexError: return ("", None) return (label[skip+update:], output) def dnsParseA(data, base): rdata = DNSRData() if len(data) < 4: rdata.address = 0 return None rdata.address = (ord(data[0])<<24) | (ord(data[1])<<16) | (ord(data[2])<<8) | (ord(data[3])<<0) if DEBUG_DNSCLIENT: print "A = %d.%d.%d.%d." % (ord(data[0]), ord(data[1]), ord(data[2]), ord(data[3])) return rdata def dnsParseText(data): if len(data) < 1: return ("", None) tlen = ord(data[0]) if len(data) < tlen + 1: return ("", None) return (data[tlen+1:], data[1:tlen+1]) def dnsParseNS(data, base): rdata = DNSRData() (rest, rdata.nsdname) = dnsParseLabel(data, base) if DEBUG_DNSCLIENT: print "NS DNAME = \"%s\"." % (rdata.nsdname) return rdata def dnsParseCNAME(data, base): rdata = DNSRData() (rest, rdata.cname) = dnsParseLabel(data, base) if DEBUG_DNSCLIENT: print "CNAME = \"%s\"." % (rdata.cname) return rdata def dnsParseSOA(data, base): rdata = DNSRData() format = "!IIIII" (rest, rdata.mname) = dnsParseLabel(data, base) if rdata.mname is None: return None (rest, rdata.rname) = dnsParseLabel(rest, base) if rdata.rname is None: return None if len(rest) < struct.calcsize(format): return None (rdata.serial, rdata.refresh, rdata.retry, rdata.expire, rdata.minimum) = struct.unpack(format, rest[:struct.calcsize(format)]) if DEBUG_DNSCLIENT: print "SOA(mname) = \"%s\"." % rdata.mname print "SOA(rname) = \"%s\"." % rdata.rname print "SOA(serial) = %d." % rdata.serial print "SOA(refresh) = %d." % rdata.refresh print "SOA(retry) = %d." % rdata.retry print "SOA(expire) = %d." % rdata.expire print "SOA(minimum) = %d." % rdata.minimum return rdata def dnsParseNULL(data, base): # um, yeah return None def dnsParseWKS(data, base): return None def dnsParseHINFO(data, base): rdata = DNSRData() (rest, rdata.cpu) = dnsParseText(data) if rest: (rest, rdata.os) = dnsParseText(rest) if DEBUG_DNSCLIENT: print "HINFO(cpu) = \"%s\"." % rdata.cpu print "HINFO(os) = \"%s\"." % rdata.os return rdata def dnsParseMX(data, base): rdata = DNSRData() if len(data) < 2: return None rdata.preference = (ord(data[0]) << 8) | ord(data[1]) (rest, rdata.exchange) = dnsParseLabel(data[2:], base) if DEBUG_DNSCLIENT: print "MX(exchanger) = \"%s\"." % rdata.exchange print "MX(preference) = %d." % rdata.preference return rdata def dnsParseTXT(data, base): rdata = DNSRData() (rest, rdata.data) = dnsParseText(data) if DEBUG_DNSCLIENT: print "TXT = \"%s\"." % rdata.data return rdata def dnsParsePTR(data, base): rdata = DNSRData() (rest, rdata.ptrdname) = dnsParseLabel(data, base) if DEBUG_DNSCLIENT: print "PTR = \"%s\"." % rdata.ptrdname def dnsParseSRV(data, base): rdata = DNSRData() format = "!HHH" flen = struct.calcsize(format) if len(data) < flen: return None (rdata.priority, rdata.weight, rdata.port) = struct.unpack(format, data[:flen]) (rest, rdata.server) = dnsParseLabel(data[flen:], base) if DEBUG_DNSCLIENT: print "SRV(server) = \"%s\"." % rdata.server print "SRV(weight) = %d." % rdata.weight print "SRV(priority) = %d." % rdata.priority print "SRV(port) = %d." % rdata.port return rdata def dnsParseResults(results): try: header = unpackQueryHeader(results) except struct.error: return [] if header.dns_qr != 1: # should be a response return [] if header.dns_rcode != 0: # should be no error return [] rest = results[header.size():] rrlist = [] for i in xrange(header.dns_qdcount): if not rest: return [] rr = DNSResult() (rest, label) = dnsParseLabel(rest, results) if label is None: return [] if len(rest) < rr.qsize(): return [] rr.qunpack(rest) rest = rest[rr.qsize():] if DEBUG_DNSCLIENT: print "Queried for '%s', class = %d, type = %d." % (label, rr.dns_class, rr.dns_type) for i in xrange(header.dns_ancount + header.dns_nscount + header.dns_arcount): (rest, label) = dnsParseLabel(rest, results) if label is None: return [] rr = DNSResult() rr.dns_name = label if len(rest) < rr.size(): return [] rr.unpack(rest) rest = rest[rr.size():] if DEBUG_DNSCLIENT: print "Answer %d for '%s', class = %d, type = %d, ttl = %d." % (i, rr.dns_name, rr.dns_class, rr.dns_type, rr.dns_ttl) if len(rest) < rr.dns_rlength: if DEBUG_DNSCLIENT: print "Answer too short." return [] fmap = { DNS_T_A: dnsParseA, DNS_T_NS: dnsParseNS, DNS_T_CNAME: dnsParseCNAME, DNS_T_SOA: dnsParseSOA, DNS_T_NULL: dnsParseNULL, DNS_T_WKS: dnsParseWKS, DNS_T_PTR: dnsParsePTR, DNS_T_HINFO: dnsParseHINFO, DNS_T_MX: dnsParseMX, DNS_T_TXT: dnsParseTXT, DNS_T_SRV: dnsParseSRV} if not rr.dns_type in fmap: if DEBUG_DNSCLIENT: print "Don't know how to parse RR type %d!" % rr.dns_type else: rr.rdata = fmap[rr.dns_type](rest[:rr.dns_rlength], results) rest = rest[rr.dns_rlength:] rrlist += [rr] if not rrlist: rrlist = [rr] return rrlist def query(query, qclass, qtype): qdata = dnsFormatQuery(query, qclass, qtype) if not qdata: return [] answer = acutil.res_send(qdata) if not answer: return [] return dnsParseResults(answer) if __name__ == '__main__': DEBUG_DNSCLIENT = True print "Sending query." rr = query(len(sys.argv) > 1 and sys.argv[1] or "devserv.devel.redhat.com.", DNS_C_IN, DNS_T_ANY) sys.exit(0)

RE-INVENTING THE TELEVISION NEWS BUSINESS*

A revolution in video storytelling

Creating entirely new & cost-effective production methods

From the world leaders in video production training and the creators of Character Driven Storytelling™

*and every other business that uses video

WHAT WE DO

Over the past 35 years, we have designed, built or restructured some of the most powerful news and journalism companies in the world.

We replace the traditional TV news ‘crew’ with one highly trained journalist, working alone with nothing but an iPhone.

No more TV news ‘crews’, no editors and no field producers.

This is television news done the way newspaper journalism is done – one reporter with their electronic pad and pencil.

In doing this, we can cut the cost of production by as much as 75% while increasing ratings and audience engagement.

In the place of conventional TV news ‘packages’ – ie, reporter stand up, interview, b-roll, man on the street, we marry great journalism with Netflix and Hollywood storytelling.

It’s a combination that works.

We have taken most of our clients to #1 in their respective markets.

And it’s not just for news. Any company, any profit, any NGO and anyone else who is online needs to tell their story in compelling yet cost-effective video. We can teach you to do that. Either in person or virtually.

EXAMPLES OF WHAT WE CAN TEACH YOUR STAFF TO PRODUCE

ITAY HOD

Itay Hod, MMJ with KPIX/CBS in San Francisco, took the 5-Day Intensive Video Storytelling Bootcamp in 2018.

Because he works alone, with only an iPhone, he was able to embed himself with a homeless family.

Here’s the story he produced in a one-day turn.

KIET DO

Kiet Do, an MMJ with KPIX/CBS in San Francisco, took the 5-Day Intensive Video Storytelling Bootcamp in 2021.

Here is a story he produced, all on his own, with only an iPhone and in a one-day turn.

TAYLOR SCHAUB

Taylor Schaub, an MMJ with Spectrum News 1 in LA, took the 5-Day Intensive Video Storytelling Bootcamp in 2023.

Here is a story he turned in only one day, using only an iPhone. It was the first video story he ever did and it was nominated for an Emmy.

THE BOOTCAMP

How do we convert stations and whole networks to working in this way?

Since 1988, we have run intensive 5-Day Video Storytelling Bootcamps

We have done these all over the world.

These are hands-on bootcamps, and participants learn an entirely new way of creating TV news stories.

-We shoot at a 3:1 ratio or lower, so turnaround times are fast.

-We go directly from camera to timelilne and edit – no written scripts. We work in the medium of pictures and sound.

-We are entirely character-driven.

-We are driven by pictures and real events.

-We are focused almost entirely on ’the viewer experience’.

Since 1988, more than 70,000 journalists around the world have taken our bootcamps, either in person on virtualy.

Case Studies

CBS News

We have started to work with CBS News, bringing our ideas of character-driven storytelling to one of the most successful and biggest networks in the United States. Since beginning to work with them ratings have climbed and more importantly, audience engagement is through the ceiling.

Learn More

New York Times Television

We started New York Times Television in 1990 and it was the first paper to be brought into the world of TV. It quickly became one of the most successful non-fiction production companies in the United States. The series and documentaries we produced won many awards including multiple Emmys.

Learn More

The BBC

We have been working with the BBC since the year 2000 helping to convert their national news network to our visual storytelling technique. Most recently we have trained teams from their sports, documentaries, and comedy divisions to make character-driven stories using only smartphones.

Learn More

Spectrum News

For the past five years we have worked with Spectrum News to introduce and train their journalists on visual, character driven storytelling using smartphones helping to create a different kind of local news for their network of 24-Hour News Stations across the United States.

Learn More

The United Nations

In 2006, we were approached by the United Nations. Rather than rely on news outlets, it would be much easier to train the field operatives to produce their own stories. We spent two years working with the UN, training more than 100 of their staff in bootcamps in Geneva and Nairobi.

Learn More

The Newark Star-Ledger

We trained 50 print reporters at the paper to shoot and tell their own stories, in conjunction with their print work. We built a TV newsroom in their existing print newsroom – you could not ask for a better set and they began to live stream their stories in conjunction with their print work.

Learn More

Mcgraw Hill

We spent two years with McGraw Hill, training more than 150 of their staffers, making them completely video literate. McGraw/Hill media properties we transit included Business Week, Aviation Week, (what was the name of the architecture magazine), and JD Power and Associates.

Learn More

Voice of America

In 1990, we were approached by The Voice of America, the official broadcasting agency for the United States Government. When we met with VOA, they were only a short wave radio broadcaster, but working with them, we took them into television, launching VOA-TV.

Learn More

Oyster Yachts

British based Oyster Yachts makes some of the finest yachts in the world. Like every other company, they had to find a way to feed the never-ending video demands of social media – sites like Instagram and TikTok. We trained the Oyster staff to tell their own stories, using only iPhones.

Learn More

Scottish Environmental Protection Agency

We were approached by SEPA, the Scottish Environmental Protection Agency because they had to continually find a way to ‘feed the media beast’. The result was that SEPA was able to tell their own stories, whenever they wanted, and at almost no additional cost.

Learn More

Michael on Media

Michael Rosenblum has been writing about the media since 1988. His work and ideas have appeared in The Guardian, The Huffington Post, Ilkeston Life and many other publications.

He has been blogging regularly for the past 35 years on this subject. Having taught media studies at Columbia University, NYU and now the University of Oxford, he is considered an expert on this subject.

Continue reading this post or look back at previous posts.

Do You Have Questions About Learning Video Skills?

If you would like to know more about our courses contact us and one of our training advisors will be happy to call you.

Your IP : 216.73.216.209

RE-INVENTING THE TELEVISION NEWS BUSINESS*

A revolution in video storytelling

Creating entirely new & cost-effective production methods

From the world leaders in video production training and the creators of Character Driven Storytelling™

*and every other business that uses video

WHAT WE DO

Over the past 35 years, we have designed, built or restructured some of the most powerful news and journalism companies in the world.

We replace the traditional TV news ‘crew’ with one highly trained journalist, working alone with nothing but an iPhone.

No more TV news ‘crews’, no editors and no field producers.

This is television news done the way newspaper journalism is done – one reporter with their electronic pad and pencil.

In doing this, we can cut the cost of production by as much as 75% while increasing ratings and audience engagement.

In the place of conventional TV news ‘packages’ – ie, reporter stand up, interview, b-roll, man on the street, we marry great journalism with Netflix and Hollywood storytelling.

It’s a combination that works.

We have taken most of our clients to #1 in their respective markets.

And it’s not just for news. Any company, any profit, any NGO and anyone else who is online needs to tell their story in compelling yet cost-effective video. We can teach you to do that. Either in person or virtually.

EXAMPLES OF WHAT WE CAN TEACH YOUR STAFF TO PRODUCE

ITAY HOD

Itay Hod, MMJ with KPIX/CBS in San Francisco, took the 5-Day Intensive Video Storytelling Bootcamp in 2018.

Because he works alone, with only an iPhone, he was able to embed himself with a homeless family.

Here’s the story he produced in a one-day turn.

KIET DO

Kiet Do, an MMJ with KPIX/CBS in San Francisco, took the 5-Day Intensive Video Storytelling Bootcamp in 2021.

Here is a story he produced, all on his own, with only an iPhone and in a one-day turn.

TAYLOR SCHAUB

Taylor Schaub, an MMJ with Spectrum News 1 in LA, took the 5-Day Intensive Video Storytelling Bootcamp in 2023.

Here is a story he turned in only one day, using only an iPhone. It was the first video story he ever did and it was nominated for an Emmy.

THE BOOTCAMP

How do we convert stations and whole networks to working in this way?

Since 1988, we have run intensive 5-Day Video Storytelling Bootcamps

We have done these all over the world.

These are hands-on bootcamps, and participants learn an entirely new way of creating TV news stories.

-We shoot at a 3:1 ratio or lower, so turnaround times are fast.

-We go directly from camera to timelilne and edit – no written scripts. We work in the medium of pictures and sound.

-We are entirely character-driven.

-We are driven by pictures and real events.

-We are focused almost entirely on ’the viewer experience’.

Since 1988, more than 70,000 journalists around the world have taken our bootcamps, either in person on virtualy.

Case Studies

CBS News

New York Times Television

The BBC

Spectrum News

The United Nations

The Newark Star-Ledger

Mcgraw Hill

Voice of America

Oyster Yachts

Scottish Environmental Protection Agency

Michael on Media