/* Define ISO C stdio on top of C++ iostreams.
Copyright (C) 1991, 1994-2012 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This file is part of the GNU C Library.
The GNU C Library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
The GNU C Library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
Lesser General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
License along with the GNU C Library; if not, see
<http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>. */
/*
* ISO C99 Standard: 7.19 Input/output <stdio.h>
*/
#ifndef _STDIO_H
#if !defined __need_FILE && !defined __need___FILE
# define _STDIO_H 1
# include <features.h>
__BEGIN_DECLS
# define __need_size_t
# define __need_NULL
# include <stddef.h>
# include <bits/types.h>
# define __need_FILE
# define __need___FILE
#endif /* Don't need FILE. */
#if !defined __FILE_defined && defined __need_FILE
/* Define outside of namespace so the C++ is happy. */
struct _IO_FILE;
__BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
/* The opaque type of streams. This is the definition used elsewhere. */
typedef struct _IO_FILE FILE;
__END_NAMESPACE_STD
#if defined __USE_LARGEFILE64 || defined __USE_SVID || defined __USE_POSIX \
|| defined __USE_BSD || defined __USE_ISOC99 || defined __USE_XOPEN \
|| defined __USE_POSIX2
__USING_NAMESPACE_STD(FILE)
#endif
# define __FILE_defined 1
#endif /* FILE not defined. */
#undef __need_FILE
#if !defined ____FILE_defined && defined __need___FILE
/* The opaque type of streams. This is the definition used elsewhere. */
typedef struct _IO_FILE __FILE;
# define ____FILE_defined 1
#endif /* __FILE not defined. */
#undef __need___FILE
#ifdef _STDIO_H
#define _STDIO_USES_IOSTREAM
#include <libio.h>
#if defined __USE_XOPEN || defined __USE_XOPEN2K8
# ifdef __GNUC__
# ifndef _VA_LIST_DEFINED
typedef _G_va_list va_list;
# define _VA_LIST_DEFINED
# endif
# else
# include <stdarg.h>
# endif
#endif
#ifdef __USE_XOPEN2K8
# ifndef __off_t_defined
# ifndef __USE_FILE_OFFSET64
typedef __off_t off_t;
# else
typedef __off64_t off_t;
# endif
# define __off_t_defined
# endif
# if defined __USE_LARGEFILE64 && !defined __off64_t_defined
typedef __off64_t off64_t;
# define __off64_t_defined
# endif
# ifndef __ssize_t_defined
typedef __ssize_t ssize_t;
# define __ssize_t_defined
# endif
#endif
/* The type of the second argument to `fgetpos' and `fsetpos'. */
__BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
#ifndef __USE_FILE_OFFSET64
typedef _G_fpos_t fpos_t;
#else
typedef _G_fpos64_t fpos_t;
#endif
__END_NAMESPACE_STD
#ifdef __USE_LARGEFILE64
typedef _G_fpos64_t fpos64_t;
#endif
/* The possibilities for the third argument to `setvbuf'. */
#define _IOFBF 0 /* Fully buffered. */
#define _IOLBF 1 /* Line buffered. */
#define _IONBF 2 /* No buffering. */
/* Default buffer size. */
#ifndef BUFSIZ
# define BUFSIZ _IO_BUFSIZ
#endif
/* End of file character.
Some things throughout the library rely on this being -1. */
#ifndef EOF
# define EOF (-1)
#endif
/* The possibilities for the third argument to `fseek'.
These values should not be changed. */
#define SEEK_SET 0 /* Seek from beginning of file. */
#define SEEK_CUR 1 /* Seek from current position. */
#define SEEK_END 2 /* Seek from end of file. */
#ifdef __USE_GNU
# define SEEK_DATA 3 /* Seek to next data. */
# define SEEK_HOLE 4 /* Seek to next hole. */
#endif
#if defined __USE_SVID || defined __USE_XOPEN
/* Default path prefix for `tempnam' and `tmpnam'. */
# define P_tmpdir "/tmp"
#endif
/* Get the values:
L_tmpnam How long an array of chars must be to be passed to `tmpnam'.
TMP_MAX The minimum number of unique filenames generated by tmpnam
(and tempnam when it uses tmpnam's name space),
or tempnam (the two are separate).
L_ctermid How long an array to pass to `ctermid'.
L_cuserid How long an array to pass to `cuserid'.
FOPEN_MAX Minimum number of files that can be open at once.
FILENAME_MAX Maximum length of a filename. */
#include <bits/stdio_lim.h>
/* Standard streams. */
extern struct _IO_FILE *stdin; /* Standard input stream. */
extern struct _IO_FILE *stdout; /* Standard output stream. */
extern struct _IO_FILE *stderr; /* Standard error output stream. */
/* C89/C99 say they're macros. Make them happy. */
#define stdin stdin
#define stdout stdout
#define stderr stderr
__BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
/* Remove file FILENAME. */
extern int remove (const char *__filename) __THROW;
/* Rename file OLD to NEW. */
extern int rename (const char *__old, const char *__new) __THROW;
__END_NAMESPACE_STD
#ifdef __USE_ATFILE
/* Rename file OLD relative to OLDFD to NEW relative to NEWFD. */
extern int renameat (int __oldfd, const char *__old, int __newfd,
const char *__new) __THROW;
#endif
__BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
/* Create a temporary file and open it read/write.
This function is a possible cancellation point and therefore not
marked with __THROW. */
#ifndef __USE_FILE_OFFSET64
extern FILE *tmpfile (void) __wur;
#else
# ifdef __REDIRECT
extern FILE *__REDIRECT (tmpfile, (void), tmpfile64) __wur;
# else
# define tmpfile tmpfile64
# endif
#endif
#ifdef __USE_LARGEFILE64
extern FILE *tmpfile64 (void) __wur;
#endif
/* Generate a temporary filename. */
extern char *tmpnam (char *__s) __THROW __wur;
__END_NAMESPACE_STD
#ifdef __USE_MISC
/* This is the reentrant variant of `tmpnam'. The only difference is
that it does not allow S to be NULL. */
extern char *tmpnam_r (char *__s) __THROW __wur;
#endif
#if defined __USE_SVID || defined __USE_XOPEN
/* Generate a unique temporary filename using up to five characters of PFX
if it is not NULL. The directory to put this file in is searched for
as follows: First the environment variable "TMPDIR" is checked.
If it contains the name of a writable directory, that directory is used.
If not and if DIR is not NULL, that value is checked. If that fails,
P_tmpdir is tried and finally "/tmp". The storage for the filename
is allocated by `malloc'. */
extern char *tempnam (const char *__dir, const char *__pfx)
__THROW __attribute_malloc__ __wur;
#endif
__BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
/* Close STREAM.
This function is a possible cancellation point and therefore not
marked with __THROW. */
extern int fclose (FILE *__stream);
/* Flush STREAM, or all streams if STREAM is NULL.
This function is a possible cancellation point and therefore not
marked with __THROW. */
extern int fflush (FILE *__stream);
__END_NAMESPACE_STD
#ifdef __USE_MISC
/* Faster versions when locking is not required.
This function is not part of POSIX and therefore no official
cancellation point. But due to similarity with an POSIX interface
or due to the implementation it is a cancellation point and
therefore not marked with __THROW. */
extern int fflush_unlocked (FILE *__stream);
#endif
#ifdef __USE_GNU
/* Close all streams.
This function is not part of POSIX and therefore no official
cancellation point. But due to similarity with an POSIX interface
or due to the implementation it is a cancellation point and
therefore not marked with __THROW. */
extern int fcloseall (void);
#endif
__BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
#ifndef __USE_FILE_OFFSET64
/* Open a file and create a new stream for it.
This function is a possible cancellation point and therefore not
marked with __THROW. */
extern FILE *fopen (const char *__restrict __filename,
const char *__restrict __modes) __wur;
/* Open a file, replacing an existing stream with it.
This function is a possible cancellation point and therefore not
marked with __THROW. */
extern FILE *freopen (const char *__restrict __filename,
const char *__restrict __modes,
FILE *__restrict __stream) __wur;
#else
# ifdef __REDIRECT
extern FILE *__REDIRECT (fopen, (const char *__restrict __filename,
const char *__restrict __modes), fopen64)
__wur;
extern FILE *__REDIRECT (freopen, (const char *__restrict __filename,
const char *__restrict __modes,
FILE *__restrict __stream), freopen64)
__wur;
# else
# define fopen fopen64
# define freopen freopen64
# endif
#endif
__END_NAMESPACE_STD
#ifdef __USE_LARGEFILE64
extern FILE *fopen64 (const char *__restrict __filename,
const char *__restrict __modes) __wur;
extern FILE *freopen64 (const char *__restrict __filename,
const char *__restrict __modes,
FILE *__restrict __stream) __wur;
#endif
#ifdef __USE_POSIX
/* Create a new stream that refers to an existing system file descriptor. */
extern FILE *fdopen (int __fd, const char *__modes) __THROW __wur;
#endif
#ifdef __USE_GNU
/* Create a new stream that refers to the given magic cookie,
and uses the given functions for input and output. */
extern FILE *fopencookie (void *__restrict __magic_cookie,
const char *__restrict __modes,
_IO_cookie_io_functions_t __io_funcs) __THROW __wur;
#endif
#ifdef __USE_XOPEN2K8
/* Create a new stream that refers to a memory buffer. */
extern FILE *fmemopen (void *__s, size_t __len, const char *__modes)
__THROW __wur;
/* Open a stream that writes into a malloc'd buffer that is expanded as
necessary. *BUFLOC and *SIZELOC are updated with the buffer's location
and the number of characters written on fflush or fclose. */
extern FILE *open_memstream (char **__bufloc, size_t *__sizeloc) __THROW __wur;
#endif
__BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
/* If BUF is NULL, make STREAM unbuffered.
Else make it use buffer BUF, of size BUFSIZ. */
extern void setbuf (FILE *__restrict __stream, char *__restrict __buf) __THROW;
/* Make STREAM use buffering mode MODE.
If BUF is not NULL, use N bytes of it for buffering;
else allocate an internal buffer N bytes long. */
extern int setvbuf (FILE *__restrict __stream, char *__restrict __buf,
int __modes, size_t __n) __THROW;
__END_NAMESPACE_STD
#ifdef __USE_BSD
/* If BUF is NULL, make STREAM unbuffered.
Else make it use SIZE bytes of BUF for buffering. */
extern void setbuffer (FILE *__restrict __stream, char *__restrict __buf,
size_t __size) __THROW;
/* Make STREAM line-buffered. */
extern void setlinebuf (FILE *__stream) __THROW;
#endif
__BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
/* Write formatted output to STREAM.
This function is a possible cancellation point and therefore not
marked with __THROW. */
extern int fprintf (FILE *__restrict __stream,
const char *__restrict __format, ...);
/* Write formatted output to stdout.
This function is a possible cancellation point and therefore not
marked with __THROW. */
extern int printf (const char *__restrict __format, ...);
/* Write formatted output to S. */
extern int sprintf (char *__restrict __s,
const char *__restrict __format, ...) __THROWNL;
/* Write formatted output to S from argument list ARG.
This function is a possible cancellation point and therefore not
marked with __THROW. */
extern int vfprintf (FILE *__restrict __s, const char *__restrict __format,
_G_va_list __arg);
/* Write formatted output to stdout from argument list ARG.
This function is a possible cancellation point and therefore not
marked with __THROW. */
extern int vprintf (const char *__restrict __format, _G_va_list __arg);
/* Write formatted output to S from argument list ARG. */
extern int vsprintf (char *__restrict __s, const char *__restrict __format,
_G_va_list __arg) __THROWNL;
__END_NAMESPACE_STD
#if defined __USE_BSD || defined __USE_ISOC99 || defined __USE_UNIX98
__BEGIN_NAMESPACE_C99
/* Maximum chars of output to write in MAXLEN. */
extern int snprintf (char *__restrict __s, size_t __maxlen,
const char *__restrict __format, ...)
__THROWNL __attribute__ ((__format__ (__printf__, 3, 4)));
extern int vsnprintf (char *__restrict __s, size_t __maxlen,
const char *__restrict __format, _G_va_list __arg)
__THROWNL __attribute__ ((__format__ (__printf__, 3, 0)));
__END_NAMESPACE_C99
#endif
#ifdef __USE_GNU
/* Write formatted output to a string dynamically allocated with `malloc'.
Store the address of the string in *PTR. */
extern int vasprintf (char **__restrict __ptr, const char *__restrict __f,
_G_va_list __arg)
__THROWNL __attribute__ ((__format__ (__printf__, 2, 0))) __wur;
extern int __asprintf (char **__restrict __ptr,
const char *__restrict __fmt, ...)
__THROWNL __attribute__ ((__format__ (__printf__, 2, 3))) __wur;
extern int asprintf (char **__restrict __ptr,
const char *__restrict __fmt, ...)
__THROWNL __attribute__ ((__format__ (__printf__, 2, 3))) __wur;
#endif
#ifdef __USE_XOPEN2K8
/* Write formatted output to a file descriptor. */
extern int vdprintf (int __fd, const char *__restrict __fmt,
_G_va_list __arg)
__attribute__ ((__format__ (__printf__, 2, 0)));
extern int dprintf (int __fd, const char *__restrict __fmt, ...)
__attribute__ ((__format__ (__printf__, 2, 3)));
#endif
__BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
/* Read formatted input from STREAM.
This function is a possible cancellation point and therefore not
marked with __THROW. */
extern int fscanf (FILE *__restrict __stream,
const char *__restrict __format, ...) __wur;
/* Read formatted input from stdin.
This function is a possible cancellation point and therefore not
marked with __THROW. */
extern int scanf (const char *__restrict __format, ...) __wur;
/* Read formatted input from S. */
extern int sscanf (const char *__restrict __s,
const char *__restrict __format, ...) __THROW;
#if defined __USE_ISOC99 && !defined __USE_GNU \
&& (!defined __LDBL_COMPAT || !defined __REDIRECT) \
&& (defined __STRICT_ANSI__ || defined __USE_XOPEN2K)
# ifdef __REDIRECT
/* For strict ISO C99 or POSIX compliance disallow %as, %aS and %a[
GNU extension which conflicts with valid %a followed by letter
s, S or [. */
extern int __REDIRECT (fscanf, (FILE *__restrict __stream,
const char *__restrict __format, ...),
__isoc99_fscanf) __wur;
extern int __REDIRECT (scanf, (const char *__restrict __format, ...),
__isoc99_scanf) __wur;
extern int __REDIRECT_NTH (sscanf, (const char *__restrict __s,
const char *__restrict __format, ...),
__isoc99_sscanf);
# else
extern int __isoc99_fscanf (FILE *__restrict __stream,
const char *__restrict __format, ...) __wur;
extern int __isoc99_scanf (const char *__restrict __format, ...) __wur;
extern int __isoc99_sscanf (const char *__restrict __s,
const char *__restrict __format, ...) __THROW;
# define fscanf __isoc99_fscanf
# define scanf __isoc99_scanf
# define sscanf __isoc99_sscanf
# endif
#endif
__END_NAMESPACE_STD
#ifdef __USE_ISOC99
__BEGIN_NAMESPACE_C99
/* Read formatted input from S into argument list ARG.
This function is a possible cancellation point and therefore not
marked with __THROW. */
extern int vfscanf (FILE *__restrict __s, const char *__restrict __format,
_G_va_list __arg)
__attribute__ ((__format__ (__scanf__, 2, 0))) __wur;
/* Read formatted input from stdin into argument list ARG.
This function is a possible cancellation point and therefore not
marked with __THROW. */
extern int vscanf (const char *__restrict __format, _G_va_list __arg)
__attribute__ ((__format__ (__scanf__, 1, 0))) __wur;
/* Read formatted input from S into argument list ARG. */
extern int vsscanf (const char *__restrict __s,
const char *__restrict __format, _G_va_list __arg)
__THROW __attribute__ ((__format__ (__scanf__, 2, 0)));
# if !defined __USE_GNU \
&& (!defined __LDBL_COMPAT || !defined __REDIRECT) \
&& (defined __STRICT_ANSI__ || defined __USE_XOPEN2K)
# ifdef __REDIRECT
/* For strict ISO C99 or POSIX compliance disallow %as, %aS and %a[
GNU extension which conflicts with valid %a followed by letter
s, S or [. */
extern int __REDIRECT (vfscanf,
(FILE *__restrict __s,
const char *__restrict __format, _G_va_list __arg),
__isoc99_vfscanf)
__attribute__ ((__format__ (__scanf__, 2, 0))) __wur;
extern int __REDIRECT (vscanf, (const char *__restrict __format,
_G_va_list __arg), __isoc99_vscanf)
__attribute__ ((__format__ (__scanf__, 1, 0))) __wur;
extern int __REDIRECT_NTH (vsscanf,
(const char *__restrict __s,
const char *__restrict __format,
_G_va_list __arg), __isoc99_vsscanf)
__attribute__ ((__format__ (__scanf__, 2, 0)));
# else
extern int __isoc99_vfscanf (FILE *__restrict __s,
const char *__restrict __format,
_G_va_list __arg) __wur;
extern int __isoc99_vscanf (const char *__restrict __format,
_G_va_list __arg) __wur;
extern int __isoc99_vsscanf (const char *__restrict __s,
const char *__restrict __format,
_G_va_list __arg) __THROW;
# define vfscanf __isoc99_vfscanf
# define vscanf __isoc99_vscanf
# define vsscanf __isoc99_vsscanf
# endif
# endif
__END_NAMESPACE_C99
#endif /* Use ISO C9x. */
__BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
/* Read a character from STREAM.
These functions are possible cancellation points and therefore not
marked with __THROW. */
extern int fgetc (FILE *__stream);
extern int getc (FILE *__stream);
/* Read a character from stdin.
This function is a possible cancellation point and therefore not
marked with __THROW. */
extern int getchar (void);
__END_NAMESPACE_STD
/* The C standard explicitly says this is a macro, so we always do the
optimization for it. */
#define getc(_fp) _IO_getc (_fp)
#if defined __USE_POSIX || defined __USE_MISC
/* These are defined in POSIX.1:1996.
These functions are possible cancellation points and therefore not
marked with __THROW. */
extern int getc_unlocked (FILE *__stream);
extern int getchar_unlocked (void);
#endif /* Use POSIX or MISC. */
#ifdef __USE_MISC
/* Faster version when locking is not necessary.
This function is not part of POSIX and therefore no official
cancellation point. But due to similarity with an POSIX interface
or due to the implementation it is a cancellation point and
therefore not marked with __THROW. */
extern int fgetc_unlocked (FILE *__stream);
#endif /* Use MISC. */
__BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
/* Write a character to STREAM.
These functions are possible cancellation points and therefore not
marked with __THROW.
These functions is a possible cancellation point and therefore not
marked with __THROW. */
extern int fputc (int __c, FILE *__stream);
extern int putc (int __c, FILE *__stream);
/* Write a character to stdout.
This function is a possible cancellation point and therefore not
marked with __THROW. */
extern int putchar (int __c);
__END_NAMESPACE_STD
/* The C standard explicitly says this can be a macro,
so we always do the optimization for it. */
#define putc(_ch, _fp) _IO_putc (_ch, _fp)
#ifdef __USE_MISC
/* Faster version when locking is not necessary.
This function is not part of POSIX and therefore no official
cancellation point. But due to similarity with an POSIX interface
or due to the implementation it is a cancellation point and
therefore not marked with __THROW. */
extern int fputc_unlocked (int __c, FILE *__stream);
#endif /* Use MISC. */
#if defined __USE_POSIX || defined __USE_MISC
/* These are defined in POSIX.1:1996.
These functions are possible cancellation points and therefore not
marked with __THROW. */
extern int putc_unlocked (int __c, FILE *__stream);
extern int putchar_unlocked (int __c);
#endif /* Use POSIX or MISC. */
#if defined __USE_SVID || defined __USE_MISC \
|| (defined __USE_XOPEN && !defined __USE_XOPEN2K)
/* Get a word (int) from STREAM. */
extern int getw (FILE *__stream);
/* Write a word (int) to STREAM. */
extern int putw (int __w, FILE *__stream);
#endif
__BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
/* Get a newline-terminated string of finite length from STREAM.
This function is a possible cancellation point and therefore not
marked with __THROW. */
extern char *fgets (char *__restrict __s, int __n, FILE *__restrict __stream)
__wur;
#if !defined __USE_ISOC11 \
|| (defined __cplusplus && __cplusplus <= 201103L)
/* Get a newline-terminated string from stdin, removing the newline.
DO NOT USE THIS FUNCTION!! There is no limit on how much it will read.
The function has been officially removed in ISO C11. This opportunity
is used to also remove it from the GNU feature list. It is now only
available when explicitly using an old ISO C, Unix, or POSIX standard.
GCC defines _GNU_SOURCE when building C++ code and the function is still
in C++11, so it is also available for C++.
This function is a possible cancellation point and therefore not
marked with __THROW. */
extern char *gets (char *__s) __wur __attribute_deprecated__;
#endif
__END_NAMESPACE_STD
#ifdef __USE_GNU
/* This function does the same as `fgets' but does not lock the stream.
This function is not part of POSIX and therefore no official
cancellation point. But due to similarity with an POSIX interface
or due to the implementation it is a cancellation point and
therefore not marked with __THROW. */
extern char *fgets_unlocked (char *__restrict __s, int __n,
FILE *__restrict __stream) __wur;
#endif
#ifdef __USE_XOPEN2K8
/* Read up to (and including) a DELIMITER from STREAM into *LINEPTR
(and null-terminate it). *LINEPTR is a pointer returned from malloc (or
NULL), pointing to *N characters of space. It is realloc'd as
necessary. Returns the number of characters read (not including the
null terminator), or -1 on error or EOF.
These functions are not part of POSIX and therefore no official
cancellation point. But due to similarity with an POSIX interface
or due to the implementation they are cancellation points and
therefore not marked with __THROW. */
extern _IO_ssize_t __getdelim (char **__restrict __lineptr,
size_t *__restrict __n, int __delimiter,
FILE *__restrict __stream) __wur;
extern _IO_ssize_t getdelim (char **__restrict __lineptr,
size_t *__restrict __n, int __delimiter,
FILE *__restrict __stream) __wur;
/* Like `getdelim', but reads up to a newline.
This function is not part of POSIX and therefore no official
cancellation point. But due to similarity with an POSIX interface
or due to the implementation it is a cancellation point and
therefore not marked with __THROW. */
extern _IO_ssize_t getline (char **__restrict __lineptr,
size_t *__restrict __n,
FILE *__restrict __stream) __wur;
#endif
__BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
/* Write a string to STREAM.
This function is a possible cancellation point and therefore not
marked with __THROW. */
extern int fputs (const char *__restrict __s, FILE *__restrict __stream);
/* Write a string, followed by a newline, to stdout.
This function is a possible cancellation point and therefore not
marked with __THROW. */
extern int puts (const char *__s);
/* Push a character back onto the input buffer of STREAM.
This function is a possible cancellation point and therefore not
marked with __THROW. */
extern int ungetc (int __c, FILE *__stream);
/* Read chunks of generic data from STREAM.
This function is a possible cancellation point and therefore not
marked with __THROW. */
extern size_t fread (void *__restrict __ptr, size_t __size,
size_t __n, FILE *__restrict __stream) __wur;
/* Write chunks of generic data to STREAM.
This function is a possible cancellation point and therefore not
marked with __THROW. */
extern size_t fwrite (const void *__restrict __ptr, size_t __size,
size_t __n, FILE *__restrict __s);
__END_NAMESPACE_STD
#ifdef __USE_GNU
/* This function does the same as `fputs' but does not lock the stream.
This function is not part of POSIX and therefore no official
cancellation point. But due to similarity with an POSIX interface
or due to the implementation it is a cancellation point and
therefore not marked with __THROW. */
extern int fputs_unlocked (const char *__restrict __s,
FILE *__restrict __stream);
#endif
#ifdef __USE_MISC
/* Faster versions when locking is not necessary.
These functions are not part of POSIX and therefore no official
cancellation point. But due to similarity with an POSIX interface
or due to the implementation they are cancellation points and
therefore not marked with __THROW. */
extern size_t fread_unlocked (void *__restrict __ptr, size_t __size,
size_t __n, FILE *__restrict __stream) __wur;
extern size_t fwrite_unlocked (const void *__restrict __ptr, size_t __size,
size_t __n, FILE *__restrict __stream);
#endif
__BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
/* Seek to a certain position on STREAM.
This function is a possible cancellation point and therefore not
marked with __THROW. */
extern int fseek (FILE *__stream, long int __off, int __whence);
/* Return the current position of STREAM.
This function is a possible cancellation point and therefore not
marked with __THROW. */
extern long int ftell (FILE *__stream) __wur;
/* Rewind to the beginning of STREAM.
This function is a possible cancellation point and therefore not
marked with __THROW. */
extern void rewind (FILE *__stream);
__END_NAMESPACE_STD
/* The Single Unix Specification, Version 2, specifies an alternative,
more adequate interface for the two functions above which deal with
file offset. `long int' is not the right type. These definitions
are originally defined in the Large File Support API. */
#if defined __USE_LARGEFILE || defined __USE_XOPEN2K
# ifndef __USE_FILE_OFFSET64
/* Seek to a certain position on STREAM.
This function is a possible cancellation point and therefore not
marked with __THROW. */
extern int fseeko (FILE *__stream, __off_t __off, int __whence);
/* Return the current position of STREAM.
This function is a possible cancellation point and therefore not
marked with __THROW. */
extern __off_t ftello (FILE *__stream) __wur;
# else
# ifdef __REDIRECT
extern int __REDIRECT (fseeko,
(FILE *__stream, __off64_t __off, int __whence),
fseeko64);
extern __off64_t __REDIRECT (ftello, (FILE *__stream), ftello64);
# else
# define fseeko fseeko64
# define ftello ftello64
# endif
# endif
#endif
__BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
#ifndef __USE_FILE_OFFSET64
/* Get STREAM's position.
This function is a possible cancellation point and therefore not
marked with __THROW. */
extern int fgetpos (FILE *__restrict __stream, fpos_t *__restrict __pos);
/* Set STREAM's position.
This function is a possible cancellation point and therefore not
marked with __THROW. */
extern int fsetpos (FILE *__stream, const fpos_t *__pos);
#else
# ifdef __REDIRECT
extern int __REDIRECT (fgetpos, (FILE *__restrict __stream,
fpos_t *__restrict __pos), fgetpos64);
extern int __REDIRECT (fsetpos,
(FILE *__stream, const fpos_t *__pos), fsetpos64);
# else
# define fgetpos fgetpos64
# define fsetpos fsetpos64
# endif
#endif
__END_NAMESPACE_STD
#ifdef __USE_LARGEFILE64
extern int fseeko64 (FILE *__stream, __off64_t __off, int __whence);
extern __off64_t ftello64 (FILE *__stream) __wur;
extern int fgetpos64 (FILE *__restrict __stream, fpos64_t *__restrict __pos);
extern int fsetpos64 (FILE *__stream, const fpos64_t *__pos);
#endif
__BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
/* Clear the error and EOF indicators for STREAM. */
extern void clearerr (FILE *__stream) __THROW;
/* Return the EOF indicator for STREAM. */
extern int feof (FILE *__stream) __THROW __wur;
/* Return the error indicator for STREAM. */
extern int ferror (FILE *__stream) __THROW __wur;
__END_NAMESPACE_STD
#ifdef __USE_MISC
/* Faster versions when locking is not required. */
extern void clearerr_unlocked (FILE *__stream) __THROW;
extern int feof_unlocked (FILE *__stream) __THROW __wur;
extern int ferror_unlocked (FILE *__stream) __THROW __wur;
#endif
__BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
/* Print a message describing the meaning of the value of errno.
This function is a possible cancellation point and therefore not
marked with __THROW. */
extern void perror (const char *__s);
__END_NAMESPACE_STD
/* Provide the declarations for `sys_errlist' and `sys_nerr' if they
are available on this system. Even if available, these variables
should not be used directly. The `strerror' function provides
all the necessary functionality. */
#include <bits/sys_errlist.h>
#ifdef __USE_POSIX
/* Return the system file descriptor for STREAM. */
extern int fileno (FILE *__stream) __THROW __wur;
#endif /* Use POSIX. */
#ifdef __USE_MISC
/* Faster version when locking is not required. */
extern int fileno_unlocked (FILE *__stream) __THROW __wur;
#endif
#if (defined __USE_POSIX2 || defined __USE_SVID || defined __USE_BSD || \
defined __USE_MISC)
/* Create a new stream connected to a pipe running the given command.
This function is a possible cancellation point and therefore not
marked with __THROW. */
extern FILE *popen (const char *__command, const char *__modes) __wur;
/* Close a stream opened by popen and return the status of its child.
This function is a possible cancellation point and therefore not
marked with __THROW. */
extern int pclose (FILE *__stream);
#endif
#ifdef __USE_POSIX
/* Return the name of the controlling terminal. */
extern char *ctermid (char *__s) __THROW;
#endif /* Use POSIX. */
#ifdef __USE_XOPEN
/* Return the name of the current user. */
extern char *cuserid (char *__s);
#endif /* Use X/Open, but not issue 6. */
#ifdef __USE_GNU
struct obstack; /* See <obstack.h>. */
/* Write formatted output to an obstack. */
extern int obstack_printf (struct obstack *__restrict __obstack,
const char *__restrict __format, ...)
__THROWNL __attribute__ ((__format__ (__printf__, 2, 3)));
extern int obstack_vprintf (struct obstack *__restrict __obstack,
const char *__restrict __format,
_G_va_list __args)
__THROWNL __attribute__ ((__format__ (__printf__, 2, 0)));
#endif /* Use GNU. */
#if defined __USE_POSIX || defined __USE_MISC
/* These are defined in POSIX.1:1996. */
/* Acquire ownership of STREAM. */
extern void flockfile (FILE *__stream) __THROW;
/* Try to acquire ownership of STREAM but do not block if it is not
possible. */
extern int ftrylockfile (FILE *__stream) __THROW __wur;
/* Relinquish the ownership granted for STREAM. */
extern void funlockfile (FILE *__stream) __THROW;
#endif /* POSIX || misc */
#if defined __USE_XOPEN && !defined __USE_XOPEN2K && !defined __USE_GNU
/* The X/Open standard requires some functions and variables to be
declared here which do not belong into this header. But we have to
follow. In GNU mode we don't do this nonsense. */
# define __need_getopt
# include <getopt.h>
#endif /* X/Open, but not issue 6 and not for GNU. */
/* If we are compiling with optimizing read this file. It contains
several optimizing inline functions and macros. */
#ifdef __USE_EXTERN_INLINES
# include <bits/stdio.h>
#endif
#if __USE_FORTIFY_LEVEL > 0 && defined __fortify_function
# include <bits/stdio2.h>
#endif
#ifdef __LDBL_COMPAT
# include <bits/stdio-ldbl.h>
#endif
__END_DECLS
#endif /* <stdio.h> included. */
#endif /* !_STDIO_H */
Rosenblum TV: Video training, virtual workshops, classes, tutorials
RE-INVENTING THE TELEVISION NEWS BUSINESS*
A revolution in video storytelling
Creating entirely new & cost-effective production methods
From the world leaders in video production training and the creators of Character Driven Storytelling™
*and every other business that uses video
WHAT WE DO
Over the past 35 years, we have designed, built or restructured some of the most powerful news and journalism companies in the world.
We replace the traditional TV news ‘crew’ with one highly trained journalist, working alone with nothing but an iPhone.
No more TV news ‘crews’, no editors and no field producers.
This is television news done the way newspaper journalism is done – one reporter with their electronic pad and pencil.
In doing this, we can cut the cost of production by as much as 75% while increasing ratings and audience engagement.
In the place of conventional TV news ‘packages’ – ie, reporter stand up, interview, b-roll, man on the street, we marry great journalism with Netflix and Hollywood storytelling.
It’s a combination that works.
We have taken most of our clients to #1 in their respective markets.
And it’s not just for news. Any company, any profit, any NGO and anyone else who is online needs to tell their story in compelling yet cost-effective video. We can teach you to do that. Either in person or virtually.
EXAMPLES OF WHAT WE CAN TEACH YOUR STAFF TO PRODUCE
ITAY HOD
Itay Hod, MMJ with KPIX/CBS in San Francisco, took the 5-Day Intensive Video Storytelling Bootcamp in 2018.
Because he works alone, with only an iPhone, he was able to embed himself with a homeless family.
Here’s the story he produced in a one-day turn.
KIET DO
Kiet Do, an MMJ with KPIX/CBS in San Francisco, took the 5-Day Intensive Video Storytelling Bootcamp in 2021.
Here is a story he produced, all on his own, with only an iPhone and in a one-day turn.
TAYLOR SCHAUB
Taylor Schaub, an MMJ with Spectrum News 1 in LA, took the 5-Day Intensive Video Storytelling Bootcamp in 2023.
Here is a story he turned in only one day, using only an iPhone. It was the first video story he ever did and it was nominated for an Emmy.
THE BOOTCAMP
How do we convert stations and whole networks to working in this way?
Since 1988, we have run intensive 5-Day Video Storytelling Bootcamps
We have done these all over the world.
These are hands-on bootcamps, and participants learn an entirely new way of creating TV news stories.
-We shoot at a 3:1 ratio or lower, so turnaround times are fast.
-We go directly from camera to timelilne and edit – no written scripts. We work in the medium of pictures and sound.
-We are entirely character-driven.
-We are driven by pictures and real events.
-We are focused almost entirely on ’the viewer experience’.
Since 1988, more than 70,000 journalists around the world have taken our bootcamps, either in person on virtualy.
We have started to work with CBS News, bringing our ideas of character-driven storytelling to one of the most successful and biggest networks in the United States. Since beginning to work with them ratings have climbed and more importantly, audience engagement is through the ceiling.
We started New York Times Television in 1990 and it was the first paper to be brought into the world of TV. It quickly became one of the most successful non-fiction production companies in the United States. The series and documentaries we produced won many awards including multiple Emmys.
We have been working with the BBC since the year 2000 helping to convert their national news network to our visual storytelling technique. Most recently we have trained teams from their sports, documentaries, and comedy divisions to make character-driven stories using only smartphones.
For the past five years we have worked with Spectrum News to introduce and train their journalists on visual, character driven storytelling using smartphones helping to create a different kind of local news for their network of 24-Hour News Stations across the United States.
In 2006, we were approached by the United Nations. Rather than rely on news outlets, it would be much easier to train the field operatives to produce their own stories. We spent two years working with the UN, training more than 100 of their staff in bootcamps in Geneva and Nairobi.
We trained 50 print reporters at the paper to shoot and tell their own stories, in conjunction with their print work. We built a TV newsroom in their existing print newsroom – you could not ask for a better set and they began to live stream their stories in conjunction with their print work.
We spent two years with McGraw Hill, training more than 150 of their staffers, making them completely video literate. McGraw/Hill media properties we transit included Business Week, Aviation Week, (what was the name of the architecture magazine), and JD Power and Associates.
In 1990, we were approached by The Voice of America, the official broadcasting agency for the United States Government. When we met with VOA, they were only a short wave radio broadcaster, but working with them, we took them into television, launching VOA-TV.
British based Oyster Yachts makes some of the finest yachts in the world. Like every other company, they had to find a way to feed the never-ending video demands of social media – sites like Instagram and TikTok. We trained the Oyster staff to tell their own stories, using only iPhones.
We were approached by SEPA, the Scottish Environmental Protection Agency because they had to continually find a way to ‘feed the media beast’. The result was that SEPA was able to tell their own stories, whenever they wanted, and at almost no additional cost.
Michael Rosenblum has been writing about the media since 1988. His work and ideas have appeared in The Guardian, The Huffington Post, Ilkeston Life and many other publications.
He has been blogging regularly for the past 35 years on this subject. Having taught media studies at Columbia University, NYU and now the University of Oxford, he is considered an expert on this subject.
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