/* Copyright (C) 1991-2004,2007,2009,2010,2012 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This file is part of the GNU C Library.
The GNU C Library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
The GNU C Library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
Lesser General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
License along with the GNU C Library; if not, see
<http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>. */
/*
* ISO C99 Standard: 7.14 Signal handling <signal.h>
*/
#ifndef _SIGNAL_H
#if !defined __need_sig_atomic_t && !defined __need_sigset_t
# define _SIGNAL_H
#endif
#include <features.h>
__BEGIN_DECLS
#include <bits/sigset.h> /* __sigset_t, __sig_atomic_t. */
/* An integral type that can be modified atomically, without the
possibility of a signal arriving in the middle of the operation. */
#if defined __need_sig_atomic_t || defined _SIGNAL_H
# ifndef __sig_atomic_t_defined
# define __sig_atomic_t_defined
__BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
typedef __sig_atomic_t sig_atomic_t;
__END_NAMESPACE_STD
# endif
# undef __need_sig_atomic_t
#endif
#if defined __need_sigset_t || (defined _SIGNAL_H && defined __USE_POSIX)
# ifndef __sigset_t_defined
# define __sigset_t_defined
typedef __sigset_t sigset_t;
# endif
# undef __need_sigset_t
#endif
#ifdef _SIGNAL_H
#include <bits/types.h>
#include <bits/signum.h>
#if defined __USE_XOPEN || defined __USE_XOPEN2K
# ifndef __pid_t_defined
typedef __pid_t pid_t;
# define __pid_t_defined
#endif
#ifdef __USE_XOPEN
# endif
# ifndef __uid_t_defined
typedef __uid_t uid_t;
# define __uid_t_defined
# endif
#endif /* Unix98 */
#ifdef __USE_POSIX199309
/* We need `struct timespec' later on. */
# define __need_timespec
# include <time.h>
#endif
#if defined __USE_POSIX199309 || defined __USE_XOPEN_EXTENDED
/* Get the `siginfo_t' type plus the needed symbols. */
# include <bits/siginfo.h>
#endif
/* Type of a signal handler. */
typedef void (*__sighandler_t) (int);
/* The X/Open definition of `signal' specifies the SVID semantic. Use
the additional function `sysv_signal' when X/Open compatibility is
requested. */
extern __sighandler_t __sysv_signal (int __sig, __sighandler_t __handler)
__THROW;
#ifdef __USE_GNU
extern __sighandler_t sysv_signal (int __sig, __sighandler_t __handler)
__THROW;
#endif
/* Set the handler for the signal SIG to HANDLER, returning the old
handler, or SIG_ERR on error.
By default `signal' has the BSD semantic. */
__BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
#ifdef __USE_BSD
extern __sighandler_t signal (int __sig, __sighandler_t __handler)
__THROW;
#else
/* Make sure the used `signal' implementation is the SVID version. */
# ifdef __REDIRECT_NTH
extern __sighandler_t __REDIRECT_NTH (signal,
(int __sig, __sighandler_t __handler),
__sysv_signal);
# else
# define signal __sysv_signal
# endif
#endif
__END_NAMESPACE_STD
#ifdef __USE_XOPEN
/* The X/Open definition of `signal' conflicts with the BSD version.
So they defined another function `bsd_signal'. */
extern __sighandler_t bsd_signal (int __sig, __sighandler_t __handler)
__THROW;
#endif
/* Send signal SIG to process number PID. If PID is zero,
send SIG to all processes in the current process's process group.
If PID is < -1, send SIG to all processes in process group - PID. */
#ifdef __USE_POSIX
extern int kill (__pid_t __pid, int __sig) __THROW;
#endif /* Use POSIX. */
#if defined __USE_BSD || defined __USE_XOPEN_EXTENDED
/* Send SIG to all processes in process group PGRP.
If PGRP is zero, send SIG to all processes in
the current process's process group. */
extern int killpg (__pid_t __pgrp, int __sig) __THROW;
#endif /* Use BSD || X/Open Unix. */
__BEGIN_NAMESPACE_STD
/* Raise signal SIG, i.e., send SIG to yourself. */
extern int raise (int __sig) __THROW;
__END_NAMESPACE_STD
#ifdef __USE_SVID
/* SVID names for the same things. */
extern __sighandler_t ssignal (int __sig, __sighandler_t __handler)
__THROW;
extern int gsignal (int __sig) __THROW;
#endif /* Use SVID. */
#if defined __USE_MISC || defined __USE_XOPEN2K
/* Print a message describing the meaning of the given signal number. */
extern void psignal (int __sig, const char *__s);
#endif /* Use misc or POSIX 2008. */
#ifdef __USE_XOPEN2K
/* Print a message describing the meaning of the given signal information. */
extern void psiginfo (const siginfo_t *__pinfo, const char *__s);
#endif /* POSIX 2008. */
/* The `sigpause' function has two different interfaces. The original
BSD definition defines the argument as a mask of the signal, while
the more modern interface in X/Open defines it as the signal
number. We go with the BSD version unless the user explicitly
selects the X/Open version.
This function is a cancellation point and therefore not marked with
__THROW. */
extern int __sigpause (int __sig_or_mask, int __is_sig);
#ifdef __FAVOR_BSD
/* Set the mask of blocked signals to MASK,
wait for a signal to arrive, and then restore the mask. */
extern int sigpause (int __mask) __THROW __attribute_deprecated__;
#else
# ifdef __USE_XOPEN
# ifdef __GNUC__
extern int sigpause (int __sig) __asm__ ("__xpg_sigpause");
# else
/* Remove a signal from the signal mask and suspend the process. */
# define sigpause(sig) __sigpause ((sig), 1)
# endif
# endif
#endif
#ifdef __USE_BSD
/* None of the following functions should be used anymore. They are here
only for compatibility. A single word (`int') is not guaranteed to be
enough to hold a complete signal mask and therefore these functions
simply do not work in many situations. Use `sigprocmask' instead. */
/* Compute mask for signal SIG. */
# define sigmask(sig) __sigmask(sig)
/* Block signals in MASK, returning the old mask. */
extern int sigblock (int __mask) __THROW __attribute_deprecated__;
/* Set the mask of blocked signals to MASK, returning the old mask. */
extern int sigsetmask (int __mask) __THROW __attribute_deprecated__;
/* Return currently selected signal mask. */
extern int siggetmask (void) __THROW __attribute_deprecated__;
#endif /* Use BSD. */
#ifdef __USE_MISC
# define NSIG _NSIG
#endif
#ifdef __USE_GNU
typedef __sighandler_t sighandler_t;
#endif
/* 4.4 BSD uses the name `sig_t' for this. */
#ifdef __USE_BSD
typedef __sighandler_t sig_t;
#endif
#ifdef __USE_POSIX
/* Clear all signals from SET. */
extern int sigemptyset (sigset_t *__set) __THROW __nonnull ((1));
/* Set all signals in SET. */
extern int sigfillset (sigset_t *__set) __THROW __nonnull ((1));
/* Add SIGNO to SET. */
extern int sigaddset (sigset_t *__set, int __signo) __THROW __nonnull ((1));
/* Remove SIGNO from SET. */
extern int sigdelset (sigset_t *__set, int __signo) __THROW __nonnull ((1));
/* Return 1 if SIGNO is in SET, 0 if not. */
extern int sigismember (const sigset_t *__set, int __signo)
__THROW __nonnull ((1));
# ifdef __USE_GNU
/* Return non-empty value is SET is not empty. */
extern int sigisemptyset (const sigset_t *__set) __THROW __nonnull ((1));
/* Build new signal set by combining the two inputs set using logical AND. */
extern int sigandset (sigset_t *__set, const sigset_t *__left,
const sigset_t *__right) __THROW __nonnull ((1, 2, 3));
/* Build new signal set by combining the two inputs set using logical OR. */
extern int sigorset (sigset_t *__set, const sigset_t *__left,
const sigset_t *__right) __THROW __nonnull ((1, 2, 3));
# endif /* GNU */
/* Get the system-specific definitions of `struct sigaction'
and the `SA_*' and `SIG_*'. constants. */
# include <bits/sigaction.h>
/* Get and/or change the set of blocked signals. */
extern int sigprocmask (int __how, const sigset_t *__restrict __set,
sigset_t *__restrict __oset) __THROW;
/* Change the set of blocked signals to SET,
wait until a signal arrives, and restore the set of blocked signals.
This function is a cancellation point and therefore not marked with
__THROW. */
extern int sigsuspend (const sigset_t *__set) __nonnull ((1));
/* Get and/or set the action for signal SIG. */
extern int sigaction (int __sig, const struct sigaction *__restrict __act,
struct sigaction *__restrict __oact) __THROW;
/* Put in SET all signals that are blocked and waiting to be delivered. */
extern int sigpending (sigset_t *__set) __THROW __nonnull ((1));
/* Select any of pending signals from SET or wait for any to arrive.
This function is a cancellation point and therefore not marked with
__THROW. */
extern int sigwait (const sigset_t *__restrict __set, int *__restrict __sig)
__nonnull ((1, 2));
# ifdef __USE_POSIX199309
/* Select any of pending signals from SET and place information in INFO.
This function is a cancellation point and therefore not marked with
__THROW. */
extern int sigwaitinfo (const sigset_t *__restrict __set,
siginfo_t *__restrict __info) __nonnull ((1));
/* Select any of pending signals from SET and place information in INFO.
Wait the time specified by TIMEOUT if no signal is pending.
This function is a cancellation point and therefore not marked with
__THROW. */
extern int sigtimedwait (const sigset_t *__restrict __set,
siginfo_t *__restrict __info,
const struct timespec *__restrict __timeout)
__nonnull ((1));
/* Send signal SIG to the process PID. Associate data in VAL with the
signal. */
extern int sigqueue (__pid_t __pid, int __sig, const union sigval __val)
__THROW;
# endif /* Use POSIX 199306. */
#endif /* Use POSIX. */
#ifdef __USE_BSD
/* Names of the signals. This variable exists only for compatibility.
Use `strsignal' instead (see <string.h>). */
extern const char *const _sys_siglist[_NSIG];
extern const char *const sys_siglist[_NSIG];
/* Structure passed to `sigvec'. */
struct sigvec
{
__sighandler_t sv_handler; /* Signal handler. */
int sv_mask; /* Mask of signals to be blocked. */
int sv_flags; /* Flags (see below). */
# define sv_onstack sv_flags /* 4.2 BSD compatibility. */
};
/* Bits in `sv_flags'. */
# define SV_ONSTACK (1 << 0)/* Take the signal on the signal stack. */
# define SV_INTERRUPT (1 << 1)/* Do not restart system calls. */
# define SV_RESETHAND (1 << 2)/* Reset handler to SIG_DFL on receipt. */
/* If VEC is non-NULL, set the handler for SIG to the `sv_handler' member
of VEC. The signals in `sv_mask' will be blocked while the handler runs.
If the SV_RESETHAND bit is set in `sv_flags', the handler for SIG will be
reset to SIG_DFL before `sv_handler' is entered. If OVEC is non-NULL,
it is filled in with the old information for SIG. */
extern int sigvec (int __sig, const struct sigvec *__vec,
struct sigvec *__ovec) __THROW;
/* Get machine-dependent `struct sigcontext' and signal subcodes. */
# include <bits/sigcontext.h>
/* Restore the state saved in SCP. */
extern int sigreturn (struct sigcontext *__scp) __THROW;
#endif /* use BSD. */
#if defined __USE_BSD || defined __USE_XOPEN_EXTENDED || defined __USE_XOPEN2K8
# define __need_size_t
# include <stddef.h>
/* If INTERRUPT is nonzero, make signal SIG interrupt system calls
(causing them to fail with EINTR); if INTERRUPT is zero, make system
calls be restarted after signal SIG. */
extern int siginterrupt (int __sig, int __interrupt) __THROW;
# include <bits/sigstack.h>
# if defined __USE_XOPEN || defined __USE_XOPEN2K8
/* This will define `ucontext_t' and `mcontext_t'. */
# include <sys/ucontext.h>
# endif
/* Run signals handlers on the stack specified by SS (if not NULL).
If OSS is not NULL, it is filled in with the old signal stack status.
This interface is obsolete and on many platform not implemented. */
extern int sigstack (struct sigstack *__ss, struct sigstack *__oss)
__THROW __attribute_deprecated__;
/* Alternate signal handler stack interface.
This interface should always be preferred over `sigstack'. */
extern int sigaltstack (const struct sigaltstack *__restrict __ss,
struct sigaltstack *__restrict __oss) __THROW;
#endif /* use BSD or X/Open Unix. */
#ifdef __USE_XOPEN_EXTENDED
/* Simplified interface for signal management. */
/* Add SIG to the calling process' signal mask. */
extern int sighold (int __sig) __THROW;
/* Remove SIG from the calling process' signal mask. */
extern int sigrelse (int __sig) __THROW;
/* Set the disposition of SIG to SIG_IGN. */
extern int sigignore (int __sig) __THROW;
/* Set the disposition of SIG. */
extern __sighandler_t sigset (int __sig, __sighandler_t __disp) __THROW;
#endif
#if defined __USE_POSIX199506 || defined __USE_UNIX98
/* Some of the functions for handling signals in threaded programs must
be defined here. */
# include <bits/pthreadtypes.h>
# include <bits/sigthread.h>
#endif /* use Unix98 */
/* The following functions are used internally in the C library and in
other code which need deep insights. */
/* Return number of available real-time signal with highest priority. */
extern int __libc_current_sigrtmin (void) __THROW;
/* Return number of available real-time signal with lowest priority. */
extern int __libc_current_sigrtmax (void) __THROW;
#endif /* signal.h */
__END_DECLS
#endif /* not signal.h */
Rosenblum TV: Video training, virtual workshops, classes, tutorials
RE-INVENTING THE TELEVISION NEWS BUSINESS*
A revolution in video storytelling
Creating entirely new & cost-effective production methods
From the world leaders in video production training and the creators of Character Driven Storytelling™
*and every other business that uses video
WHAT WE DO
Over the past 35 years, we have designed, built or restructured some of the most powerful news and journalism companies in the world.
We replace the traditional TV news ‘crew’ with one highly trained journalist, working alone with nothing but an iPhone.
No more TV news ‘crews’, no editors and no field producers.
This is television news done the way newspaper journalism is done – one reporter with their electronic pad and pencil.
In doing this, we can cut the cost of production by as much as 75% while increasing ratings and audience engagement.
In the place of conventional TV news ‘packages’ – ie, reporter stand up, interview, b-roll, man on the street, we marry great journalism with Netflix and Hollywood storytelling.
It’s a combination that works.
We have taken most of our clients to #1 in their respective markets.
And it’s not just for news. Any company, any profit, any NGO and anyone else who is online needs to tell their story in compelling yet cost-effective video. We can teach you to do that. Either in person or virtually.
EXAMPLES OF WHAT WE CAN TEACH YOUR STAFF TO PRODUCE
ITAY HOD
Itay Hod, MMJ with KPIX/CBS in San Francisco, took the 5-Day Intensive Video Storytelling Bootcamp in 2018.
Because he works alone, with only an iPhone, he was able to embed himself with a homeless family.
Here’s the story he produced in a one-day turn.
KIET DO
Kiet Do, an MMJ with KPIX/CBS in San Francisco, took the 5-Day Intensive Video Storytelling Bootcamp in 2021.
Here is a story he produced, all on his own, with only an iPhone and in a one-day turn.
TAYLOR SCHAUB
Taylor Schaub, an MMJ with Spectrum News 1 in LA, took the 5-Day Intensive Video Storytelling Bootcamp in 2023.
Here is a story he turned in only one day, using only an iPhone. It was the first video story he ever did and it was nominated for an Emmy.
THE BOOTCAMP
How do we convert stations and whole networks to working in this way?
Since 1988, we have run intensive 5-Day Video Storytelling Bootcamps
We have done these all over the world.
These are hands-on bootcamps, and participants learn an entirely new way of creating TV news stories.
-We shoot at a 3:1 ratio or lower, so turnaround times are fast.
-We go directly from camera to timelilne and edit – no written scripts. We work in the medium of pictures and sound.
-We are entirely character-driven.
-We are driven by pictures and real events.
-We are focused almost entirely on ’the viewer experience’.
Since 1988, more than 70,000 journalists around the world have taken our bootcamps, either in person on virtualy.
We have started to work with CBS News, bringing our ideas of character-driven storytelling to one of the most successful and biggest networks in the United States. Since beginning to work with them ratings have climbed and more importantly, audience engagement is through the ceiling.
We started New York Times Television in 1990 and it was the first paper to be brought into the world of TV. It quickly became one of the most successful non-fiction production companies in the United States. The series and documentaries we produced won many awards including multiple Emmys.
We have been working with the BBC since the year 2000 helping to convert their national news network to our visual storytelling technique. Most recently we have trained teams from their sports, documentaries, and comedy divisions to make character-driven stories using only smartphones.
For the past five years we have worked with Spectrum News to introduce and train their journalists on visual, character driven storytelling using smartphones helping to create a different kind of local news for their network of 24-Hour News Stations across the United States.
In 2006, we were approached by the United Nations. Rather than rely on news outlets, it would be much easier to train the field operatives to produce their own stories. We spent two years working with the UN, training more than 100 of their staff in bootcamps in Geneva and Nairobi.
We trained 50 print reporters at the paper to shoot and tell their own stories, in conjunction with their print work. We built a TV newsroom in their existing print newsroom – you could not ask for a better set and they began to live stream their stories in conjunction with their print work.
We spent two years with McGraw Hill, training more than 150 of their staffers, making them completely video literate. McGraw/Hill media properties we transit included Business Week, Aviation Week, (what was the name of the architecture magazine), and JD Power and Associates.
In 1990, we were approached by The Voice of America, the official broadcasting agency for the United States Government. When we met with VOA, they were only a short wave radio broadcaster, but working with them, we took them into television, launching VOA-TV.
British based Oyster Yachts makes some of the finest yachts in the world. Like every other company, they had to find a way to feed the never-ending video demands of social media – sites like Instagram and TikTok. We trained the Oyster staff to tell their own stories, using only iPhones.
We were approached by SEPA, the Scottish Environmental Protection Agency because they had to continually find a way to ‘feed the media beast’. The result was that SEPA was able to tell their own stories, whenever they wanted, and at almost no additional cost.
Michael Rosenblum has been writing about the media since 1988. His work and ideas have appeared in The Guardian, The Huffington Post, Ilkeston Life and many other publications.
He has been blogging regularly for the past 35 years on this subject. Having taught media studies at Columbia University, NYU and now the University of Oxford, he is considered an expert on this subject.
Continue reading this post or look back at previous posts.
