#ifndef Py_PYPORT_H
#define Py_PYPORT_H
#include "pyconfig.h" /* include for defines */
/* Some versions of HP-UX & Solaris need inttypes.h for int32_t,
INT32_MAX, etc. */
#ifdef HAVE_INTTYPES_H
#include <inttypes.h>
#endif
#ifdef HAVE_STDINT_H
#include <stdint.h>
#endif
/**************************************************************************
Symbols and macros to supply platform-independent interfaces to basic
C language & library operations whose spellings vary across platforms.
Please try to make documentation here as clear as possible: by definition,
the stuff here is trying to illuminate C's darkest corners.
Config #defines referenced here:
SIGNED_RIGHT_SHIFT_ZERO_FILLS
Meaning: To be defined iff i>>j does not extend the sign bit when i is a
signed integral type and i < 0.
Used in: Py_ARITHMETIC_RIGHT_SHIFT
Py_DEBUG
Meaning: Extra checks compiled in for debug mode.
Used in: Py_SAFE_DOWNCAST
HAVE_UINTPTR_T
Meaning: The C9X type uintptr_t is supported by the compiler
Used in: Py_uintptr_t
HAVE_LONG_LONG
Meaning: The compiler supports the C type "long long"
Used in: PY_LONG_LONG
**************************************************************************/
/* For backward compatibility only. Obsolete, do not use. */
#ifdef HAVE_PROTOTYPES
#define Py_PROTO(x) x
#else
#define Py_PROTO(x) ()
#endif
#ifndef Py_FPROTO
#define Py_FPROTO(x) Py_PROTO(x)
#endif
/* typedefs for some C9X-defined synonyms for integral types.
*
* The names in Python are exactly the same as the C9X names, except with a
* Py_ prefix. Until C9X is universally implemented, this is the only way
* to ensure that Python gets reliable names that don't conflict with names
* in non-Python code that are playing their own tricks to define the C9X
* names.
*
* NOTE: don't go nuts here! Python has no use for *most* of the C9X
* integral synonyms. Only define the ones we actually need.
*/
#ifdef HAVE_LONG_LONG
#ifndef PY_LONG_LONG
#define PY_LONG_LONG long long
#if defined(LLONG_MAX)
/* If LLONG_MAX is defined in limits.h, use that. */
#define PY_LLONG_MIN LLONG_MIN
#define PY_LLONG_MAX LLONG_MAX
#define PY_ULLONG_MAX ULLONG_MAX
#elif defined(__LONG_LONG_MAX__)
/* Otherwise, if GCC has a builtin define, use that. */
#define PY_LLONG_MAX __LONG_LONG_MAX__
#define PY_LLONG_MIN (-PY_LLONG_MAX-1)
#define PY_ULLONG_MAX (__LONG_LONG_MAX__*2ULL + 1ULL)
#else
/* Otherwise, rely on two's complement. */
#define PY_ULLONG_MAX (~0ULL)
#define PY_LLONG_MAX ((long long)(PY_ULLONG_MAX>>1))
#define PY_LLONG_MIN (-PY_LLONG_MAX-1)
#endif /* LLONG_MAX */
#endif
#endif /* HAVE_LONG_LONG */
/* a build with 30-bit digits for Python long integers needs an exact-width
* 32-bit unsigned integer type to store those digits. (We could just use
* type 'unsigned long', but that would be wasteful on a system where longs
* are 64-bits.) On Unix systems, the autoconf macro AC_TYPE_UINT32_T defines
* uint32_t to be such a type unless stdint.h or inttypes.h defines uint32_t.
* However, it doesn't set HAVE_UINT32_T, so we do that here.
*/
#ifdef uint32_t
#define HAVE_UINT32_T 1
#endif
#ifdef HAVE_UINT32_T
#ifndef PY_UINT32_T
#define PY_UINT32_T uint32_t
#endif
#endif
/* Macros for a 64-bit unsigned integer type; used for type 'twodigits' in the
* long integer implementation, when 30-bit digits are enabled.
*/
#ifdef uint64_t
#define HAVE_UINT64_T 1
#endif
#ifdef HAVE_UINT64_T
#ifndef PY_UINT64_T
#define PY_UINT64_T uint64_t
#endif
#endif
/* Signed variants of the above */
#ifdef int32_t
#define HAVE_INT32_T 1
#endif
#ifdef HAVE_INT32_T
#ifndef PY_INT32_T
#define PY_INT32_T int32_t
#endif
#endif
#ifdef int64_t
#define HAVE_INT64_T 1
#endif
#ifdef HAVE_INT64_T
#ifndef PY_INT64_T
#define PY_INT64_T int64_t
#endif
#endif
/* If PYLONG_BITS_IN_DIGIT is not defined then we'll use 30-bit digits if all
the necessary integer types are available, and we're on a 64-bit platform
(as determined by SIZEOF_VOID_P); otherwise we use 15-bit digits. */
#ifndef PYLONG_BITS_IN_DIGIT
#if (defined HAVE_UINT64_T && defined HAVE_INT64_T && \
defined HAVE_UINT32_T && defined HAVE_INT32_T && SIZEOF_VOID_P >= 8)
#define PYLONG_BITS_IN_DIGIT 30
#else
#define PYLONG_BITS_IN_DIGIT 15
#endif
#endif
/* uintptr_t is the C9X name for an unsigned integral type such that a
* legitimate void* can be cast to uintptr_t and then back to void* again
* without loss of information. Similarly for intptr_t, wrt a signed
* integral type.
*/
#ifdef HAVE_UINTPTR_T
typedef uintptr_t Py_uintptr_t;
typedef intptr_t Py_intptr_t;
#elif SIZEOF_VOID_P <= SIZEOF_INT
typedef unsigned int Py_uintptr_t;
typedef int Py_intptr_t;
#elif SIZEOF_VOID_P <= SIZEOF_LONG
typedef unsigned long Py_uintptr_t;
typedef long Py_intptr_t;
#elif defined(HAVE_LONG_LONG) && (SIZEOF_VOID_P <= SIZEOF_LONG_LONG)
typedef unsigned PY_LONG_LONG Py_uintptr_t;
typedef PY_LONG_LONG Py_intptr_t;
#else
# error "Python needs a typedef for Py_uintptr_t in pyport.h."
#endif /* HAVE_UINTPTR_T */
/* Py_ssize_t is a signed integral type such that sizeof(Py_ssize_t) ==
* sizeof(size_t). C99 doesn't define such a thing directly (size_t is an
* unsigned integral type). See PEP 353 for details.
*/
#ifdef HAVE_SSIZE_T
typedef ssize_t Py_ssize_t;
#elif SIZEOF_VOID_P == SIZEOF_SIZE_T
typedef Py_intptr_t Py_ssize_t;
#else
# error "Python needs a typedef for Py_ssize_t in pyport.h."
#endif
/* Largest possible value of size_t.
SIZE_MAX is part of C99, so it might be defined on some
platforms. If it is not defined, (size_t)-1 is a portable
definition for C89, due to the way signed->unsigned
conversion is defined. */
#ifdef SIZE_MAX
#define PY_SIZE_MAX SIZE_MAX
#else
#define PY_SIZE_MAX ((size_t)-1)
#endif
/* Largest positive value of type Py_ssize_t. */
#define PY_SSIZE_T_MAX ((Py_ssize_t)(((size_t)-1)>>1))
/* Smallest negative value of type Py_ssize_t. */
#define PY_SSIZE_T_MIN (-PY_SSIZE_T_MAX-1)
#if SIZEOF_PID_T > SIZEOF_LONG
# error "Python doesn't support sizeof(pid_t) > sizeof(long)"
#endif
/* PY_FORMAT_SIZE_T is a platform-specific modifier for use in a printf
* format to convert an argument with the width of a size_t or Py_ssize_t.
* C99 introduced "z" for this purpose, but not all platforms support that;
* e.g., MS compilers use "I" instead.
*
* These "high level" Python format functions interpret "z" correctly on
* all platforms (Python interprets the format string itself, and does whatever
* the platform C requires to convert a size_t/Py_ssize_t argument):
*
* PyString_FromFormat
* PyErr_Format
* PyString_FromFormatV
*
* Lower-level uses require that you interpolate the correct format modifier
* yourself (e.g., calling printf, fprintf, sprintf, PyOS_snprintf); for
* example,
*
* Py_ssize_t index;
* fprintf(stderr, "index %" PY_FORMAT_SIZE_T "d sucks\n", index);
*
* That will expand to %ld, or %Id, or to something else correct for a
* Py_ssize_t on the platform.
*/
#ifndef PY_FORMAT_SIZE_T
# if SIZEOF_SIZE_T == SIZEOF_INT && !defined(__APPLE__)
# define PY_FORMAT_SIZE_T ""
# elif SIZEOF_SIZE_T == SIZEOF_LONG
# define PY_FORMAT_SIZE_T "l"
# elif defined(MS_WINDOWS)
# define PY_FORMAT_SIZE_T "I"
# else
# error "This platform's pyconfig.h needs to define PY_FORMAT_SIZE_T"
# endif
#endif
/* PY_FORMAT_LONG_LONG is analogous to PY_FORMAT_SIZE_T above, but for
* the long long type instead of the size_t type. It's only available
* when HAVE_LONG_LONG is defined. The "high level" Python format
* functions listed above will interpret "lld" or "llu" correctly on
* all platforms.
*/
#ifdef HAVE_LONG_LONG
# ifndef PY_FORMAT_LONG_LONG
# if defined(MS_WIN64) || defined(MS_WINDOWS)
# define PY_FORMAT_LONG_LONG "I64"
# else
# error "This platform's pyconfig.h needs to define PY_FORMAT_LONG_LONG"
# endif
# endif
#endif
/* Py_LOCAL can be used instead of static to get the fastest possible calling
* convention for functions that are local to a given module.
*
* Py_LOCAL_INLINE does the same thing, and also explicitly requests inlining,
* for platforms that support that.
*
* If PY_LOCAL_AGGRESSIVE is defined before python.h is included, more
* "aggressive" inlining/optimizaion is enabled for the entire module. This
* may lead to code bloat, and may slow things down for those reasons. It may
* also lead to errors, if the code relies on pointer aliasing. Use with
* care.
*
* NOTE: You can only use this for functions that are entirely local to a
* module; functions that are exported via method tables, callbacks, etc,
* should keep using static.
*/
#undef USE_INLINE /* XXX - set via configure? */
#if defined(_MSC_VER)
#if defined(PY_LOCAL_AGGRESSIVE)
/* enable more aggressive optimization for visual studio */
#pragma optimize("agtw", on)
#endif
/* ignore warnings if the compiler decides not to inline a function */
#pragma warning(disable: 4710)
/* fastest possible local call under MSVC */
#define Py_LOCAL(type) static type __fastcall
#define Py_LOCAL_INLINE(type) static __inline type __fastcall
#elif defined(USE_INLINE)
#define Py_LOCAL(type) static type
#define Py_LOCAL_INLINE(type) static inline type
#else
#define Py_LOCAL(type) static type
#define Py_LOCAL_INLINE(type) static type
#endif
/* Py_MEMCPY can be used instead of memcpy in cases where the copied blocks
* are often very short. While most platforms have highly optimized code for
* large transfers, the setup costs for memcpy are often quite high. MEMCPY
* solves this by doing short copies "in line".
*/
#if defined(_MSC_VER)
#define Py_MEMCPY(target, source, length) do { \
size_t i_, n_ = (length); \
char *t_ = (void*) (target); \
const char *s_ = (void*) (source); \
if (n_ >= 16) \
memcpy(t_, s_, n_); \
else \
for (i_ = 0; i_ < n_; i_++) \
t_[i_] = s_[i_]; \
} while (0)
#else
#define Py_MEMCPY memcpy
#endif
#include <stdlib.h>
#ifdef HAVE_IEEEFP_H
#include <ieeefp.h> /* needed for 'finite' declaration on some platforms */
#endif
#include <math.h> /* Moved here from the math section, before extern "C" */
/********************************************
* WRAPPER FOR <time.h> and/or <sys/time.h> *
********************************************/
#ifdef TIME_WITH_SYS_TIME
#include <sys/time.h>
#include <time.h>
#else /* !TIME_WITH_SYS_TIME */
#ifdef HAVE_SYS_TIME_H
#include <sys/time.h>
#else /* !HAVE_SYS_TIME_H */
#include <time.h>
#endif /* !HAVE_SYS_TIME_H */
#endif /* !TIME_WITH_SYS_TIME */
/******************************
* WRAPPER FOR <sys/select.h> *
******************************/
/* NB caller must include <sys/types.h> */
#ifdef HAVE_SYS_SELECT_H
#include <sys/select.h>
#endif /* !HAVE_SYS_SELECT_H */
/*******************************
* stat() and fstat() fiddling *
*******************************/
/* We expect that stat and fstat exist on most systems.
* It's confirmed on Unix, Mac and Windows.
* If you don't have them, add
* #define DONT_HAVE_STAT
* and/or
* #define DONT_HAVE_FSTAT
* to your pyconfig.h. Python code beyond this should check HAVE_STAT and
* HAVE_FSTAT instead.
* Also
* #define HAVE_SYS_STAT_H
* if <sys/stat.h> exists on your platform, and
* #define HAVE_STAT_H
* if <stat.h> does.
*/
#ifndef DONT_HAVE_STAT
#define HAVE_STAT
#endif
#ifndef DONT_HAVE_FSTAT
#define HAVE_FSTAT
#endif
#ifdef RISCOS
#include <sys/types.h>
#include "unixstuff.h"
#endif
#ifdef HAVE_SYS_STAT_H
#if defined(PYOS_OS2) && defined(PYCC_GCC)
#include <sys/types.h>
#endif
#include <sys/stat.h>
#elif defined(HAVE_STAT_H)
#include <stat.h>
#endif
#if defined(PYCC_VACPP)
/* VisualAge C/C++ Failed to Define MountType Field in sys/stat.h */
#define S_IFMT (S_IFDIR|S_IFCHR|S_IFREG)
#endif
#ifndef S_ISREG
#define S_ISREG(x) (((x) & S_IFMT) == S_IFREG)
#endif
#ifndef S_ISDIR
#define S_ISDIR(x) (((x) & S_IFMT) == S_IFDIR)
#endif
#ifdef __cplusplus
/* Move this down here since some C++ #include's don't like to be included
inside an extern "C" */
extern "C" {
#endif
/* Py_ARITHMETIC_RIGHT_SHIFT
* C doesn't define whether a right-shift of a signed integer sign-extends
* or zero-fills. Here a macro to force sign extension:
* Py_ARITHMETIC_RIGHT_SHIFT(TYPE, I, J)
* Return I >> J, forcing sign extension. Arithmetically, return the
* floor of I/2**J.
* Requirements:
* I should have signed integer type. In the terminology of C99, this can
* be either one of the five standard signed integer types (signed char,
* short, int, long, long long) or an extended signed integer type.
* J is an integer >= 0 and strictly less than the number of bits in the
* type of I (because C doesn't define what happens for J outside that
* range either).
* TYPE used to specify the type of I, but is now ignored. It's been left
* in for backwards compatibility with versions <= 2.6 or 3.0.
* Caution:
* I may be evaluated more than once.
*/
#ifdef SIGNED_RIGHT_SHIFT_ZERO_FILLS
#define Py_ARITHMETIC_RIGHT_SHIFT(TYPE, I, J) \
((I) < 0 ? -1-((-1-(I)) >> (J)) : (I) >> (J))
#else
#define Py_ARITHMETIC_RIGHT_SHIFT(TYPE, I, J) ((I) >> (J))
#endif
/* Py_FORCE_EXPANSION(X)
* "Simply" returns its argument. However, macro expansions within the
* argument are evaluated. This unfortunate trickery is needed to get
* token-pasting to work as desired in some cases.
*/
#define Py_FORCE_EXPANSION(X) X
/* Py_SAFE_DOWNCAST(VALUE, WIDE, NARROW)
* Cast VALUE to type NARROW from type WIDE. In Py_DEBUG mode, this
* assert-fails if any information is lost.
* Caution:
* VALUE may be evaluated more than once.
*/
#ifdef Py_DEBUG
#define Py_SAFE_DOWNCAST(VALUE, WIDE, NARROW) \
(assert((WIDE)(NARROW)(VALUE) == (VALUE)), (NARROW)(VALUE))
#else
#define Py_SAFE_DOWNCAST(VALUE, WIDE, NARROW) (NARROW)(VALUE)
#endif
/* Py_SET_ERRNO_ON_MATH_ERROR(x)
* If a libm function did not set errno, but it looks like the result
* overflowed or not-a-number, set errno to ERANGE or EDOM. Set errno
* to 0 before calling a libm function, and invoke this macro after,
* passing the function result.
* Caution:
* This isn't reliable. See Py_OVERFLOWED comments.
* X is evaluated more than once.
*/
#if defined(__FreeBSD__) || defined(__OpenBSD__) || (defined(__hpux) && defined(__ia64))
#define _Py_SET_EDOM_FOR_NAN(X) if (isnan(X)) errno = EDOM;
#else
#define _Py_SET_EDOM_FOR_NAN(X) ;
#endif
#define Py_SET_ERRNO_ON_MATH_ERROR(X) \
do { \
if (errno == 0) { \
if ((X) == Py_HUGE_VAL || (X) == -Py_HUGE_VAL) \
errno = ERANGE; \
else _Py_SET_EDOM_FOR_NAN(X) \
} \
} while(0)
/* Py_SET_ERANGE_ON_OVERFLOW(x)
* An alias of Py_SET_ERRNO_ON_MATH_ERROR for backward-compatibility.
*/
#define Py_SET_ERANGE_IF_OVERFLOW(X) Py_SET_ERRNO_ON_MATH_ERROR(X)
/* Py_ADJUST_ERANGE1(x)
* Py_ADJUST_ERANGE2(x, y)
* Set errno to 0 before calling a libm function, and invoke one of these
* macros after, passing the function result(s) (Py_ADJUST_ERANGE2 is useful
* for functions returning complex results). This makes two kinds of
* adjustments to errno: (A) If it looks like the platform libm set
* errno=ERANGE due to underflow, clear errno. (B) If it looks like the
* platform libm overflowed but didn't set errno, force errno to ERANGE. In
* effect, we're trying to force a useful implementation of C89 errno
* behavior.
* Caution:
* This isn't reliable. See Py_OVERFLOWED comments.
* X and Y may be evaluated more than once.
*/
#define Py_ADJUST_ERANGE1(X) \
do { \
if (errno == 0) { \
if ((X) == Py_HUGE_VAL || (X) == -Py_HUGE_VAL) \
errno = ERANGE; \
} \
else if (errno == ERANGE && (X) == 0.0) \
errno = 0; \
} while(0)
#define Py_ADJUST_ERANGE2(X, Y) \
do { \
if ((X) == Py_HUGE_VAL || (X) == -Py_HUGE_VAL || \
(Y) == Py_HUGE_VAL || (Y) == -Py_HUGE_VAL) { \
if (errno == 0) \
errno = ERANGE; \
} \
else if (errno == ERANGE) \
errno = 0; \
} while(0)
/* The functions _Py_dg_strtod and _Py_dg_dtoa in Python/dtoa.c (which are
* required to support the short float repr introduced in Python 3.1) require
* that the floating-point unit that's being used for arithmetic operations
* on C doubles is set to use 53-bit precision. It also requires that the
* FPU rounding mode is round-half-to-even, but that's less often an issue.
*
* If your FPU isn't already set to 53-bit precision/round-half-to-even, and
* you want to make use of _Py_dg_strtod and _Py_dg_dtoa, then you should
*
* #define HAVE_PY_SET_53BIT_PRECISION 1
*
* and also give appropriate definitions for the following three macros:
*
* _PY_SET_53BIT_PRECISION_START : store original FPU settings, and
* set FPU to 53-bit precision/round-half-to-even
* _PY_SET_53BIT_PRECISION_END : restore original FPU settings
* _PY_SET_53BIT_PRECISION_HEADER : any variable declarations needed to
* use the two macros above.
*
* The macros are designed to be used within a single C function: see
* Python/pystrtod.c for an example of their use.
*/
/* get and set x87 control word for gcc/x86 */
#ifdef HAVE_GCC_ASM_FOR_X87
#define HAVE_PY_SET_53BIT_PRECISION 1
/* _Py_get/set_387controlword functions are defined in Python/pymath.c */
#define _Py_SET_53BIT_PRECISION_HEADER \
unsigned short old_387controlword, new_387controlword
#define _Py_SET_53BIT_PRECISION_START \
do { \
old_387controlword = _Py_get_387controlword(); \
new_387controlword = (old_387controlword & ~0x0f00) | 0x0200; \
if (new_387controlword != old_387controlword) \
_Py_set_387controlword(new_387controlword); \
} while (0)
#define _Py_SET_53BIT_PRECISION_END \
if (new_387controlword != old_387controlword) \
_Py_set_387controlword(old_387controlword)
#endif
/* get and set x87 control word for VisualStudio/x86 */
#if defined(_MSC_VER) && !defined(_WIN64) /* x87 not supported in 64-bit */
#define HAVE_PY_SET_53BIT_PRECISION 1
#define _Py_SET_53BIT_PRECISION_HEADER \
unsigned int old_387controlword, new_387controlword, out_387controlword
/* We use the __control87_2 function to set only the x87 control word.
The SSE control word is unaffected. */
#define _Py_SET_53BIT_PRECISION_START \
do { \
__control87_2(0, 0, &old_387controlword, NULL); \
new_387controlword = \
(old_387controlword & ~(_MCW_PC | _MCW_RC)) | (_PC_53 | _RC_NEAR); \
if (new_387controlword != old_387controlword) \
__control87_2(new_387controlword, _MCW_PC | _MCW_RC, \
&out_387controlword, NULL); \
} while (0)
#define _Py_SET_53BIT_PRECISION_END \
do { \
if (new_387controlword != old_387controlword) \
__control87_2(old_387controlword, _MCW_PC | _MCW_RC, \
&out_387controlword, NULL); \
} while (0)
#endif
/* default definitions are empty */
#ifndef HAVE_PY_SET_53BIT_PRECISION
#define _Py_SET_53BIT_PRECISION_HEADER
#define _Py_SET_53BIT_PRECISION_START
#define _Py_SET_53BIT_PRECISION_END
#endif
/* If we can't guarantee 53-bit precision, don't use the code
in Python/dtoa.c, but fall back to standard code. This
means that repr of a float will be long (17 sig digits).
Realistically, there are two things that could go wrong:
(1) doubles aren't IEEE 754 doubles, or
(2) we're on x86 with the rounding precision set to 64-bits
(extended precision), and we don't know how to change
the rounding precision.
*/
#if !defined(DOUBLE_IS_LITTLE_ENDIAN_IEEE754) && \
!defined(DOUBLE_IS_BIG_ENDIAN_IEEE754) && \
!defined(DOUBLE_IS_ARM_MIXED_ENDIAN_IEEE754)
#define PY_NO_SHORT_FLOAT_REPR
#endif
/* double rounding is symptomatic of use of extended precision on x86. If
we're seeing double rounding, and we don't have any mechanism available for
changing the FPU rounding precision, then don't use Python/dtoa.c. */
#if defined(X87_DOUBLE_ROUNDING) && !defined(HAVE_PY_SET_53BIT_PRECISION)
#define PY_NO_SHORT_FLOAT_REPR
#endif
/* Py_DEPRECATED(version)
* Declare a variable, type, or function deprecated.
* Usage:
* extern int old_var Py_DEPRECATED(2.3);
* typedef int T1 Py_DEPRECATED(2.4);
* extern int x() Py_DEPRECATED(2.5);
*/
#if defined(__GNUC__) && ((__GNUC__ >= 4) || \
(__GNUC__ == 3) && (__GNUC_MINOR__ >= 1))
#define Py_DEPRECATED(VERSION_UNUSED) __attribute__((__deprecated__))
#else
#define Py_DEPRECATED(VERSION_UNUSED)
#endif
/**************************************************************************
Prototypes that are missing from the standard include files on some systems
(and possibly only some versions of such systems.)
Please be conservative with adding new ones, document them and enclose them
in platform-specific #ifdefs.
**************************************************************************/
#ifdef SOLARIS
/* Unchecked */
extern int gethostname(char *, int);
#endif
#ifdef __BEOS__
/* Unchecked */
/* It's in the libs, but not the headers... - [cjh] */
int shutdown( int, int );
#endif
#ifdef HAVE__GETPTY
#include <sys/types.h> /* we need to import mode_t */
extern char * _getpty(int *, int, mode_t, int);
#endif
/* On QNX 6, struct termio must be declared by including sys/termio.h
if TCGETA, TCSETA, TCSETAW, or TCSETAF are used. sys/termio.h must
be included before termios.h or it will generate an error. */
#if defined(HAVE_SYS_TERMIO_H) && !defined(__hpux)
#include <sys/termio.h>
#endif
#if defined(HAVE_OPENPTY) || defined(HAVE_FORKPTY)
#if !defined(HAVE_PTY_H) && !defined(HAVE_LIBUTIL_H) && !defined(HAVE_UTIL_H)
/* BSDI does not supply a prototype for the 'openpty' and 'forkpty'
functions, even though they are included in libutil. */
#include <termios.h>
extern int openpty(int *, int *, char *, struct termios *, struct winsize *);
extern pid_t forkpty(int *, char *, struct termios *, struct winsize *);
#endif /* !defined(HAVE_PTY_H) && !defined(HAVE_LIBUTIL_H) */
#endif /* defined(HAVE_OPENPTY) || defined(HAVE_FORKPTY) */
/* These are pulled from various places. It isn't obvious on what platforms
they are necessary, nor what the exact prototype should look like (which
is likely to vary between platforms!) If you find you need one of these
declarations, please move them to a platform-specific block and include
proper prototypes. */
#if 0
/* From Modules/resource.c */
extern int getrusage();
extern int getpagesize();
/* From Python/sysmodule.c and Modules/posixmodule.c */
extern int fclose(FILE *);
/* From Modules/posixmodule.c */
extern int fdatasync(int);
#endif /* 0 */
/* On 4.4BSD-descendants, ctype functions serves the whole range of
* wchar_t character set rather than single byte code points only.
* This characteristic can break some operations of string object
* including str.upper() and str.split() on UTF-8 locales. This
* workaround was provided by Tim Robbins of FreeBSD project.
*/
#ifdef __FreeBSD__
#include <osreldate.h>
#if __FreeBSD_version > 500039
# define _PY_PORT_CTYPE_UTF8_ISSUE
#endif
#endif
#if defined(__APPLE__)
# define _PY_PORT_CTYPE_UTF8_ISSUE
#endif
#ifdef _PY_PORT_CTYPE_UTF8_ISSUE
#include <ctype.h>
#include <wctype.h>
#undef isalnum
#define isalnum(c) iswalnum(btowc(c))
#undef isalpha
#define isalpha(c) iswalpha(btowc(c))
#undef islower
#define islower(c) iswlower(btowc(c))
#undef isspace
#define isspace(c) iswspace(btowc(c))
#undef isupper
#define isupper(c) iswupper(btowc(c))
#undef tolower
#define tolower(c) towlower(btowc(c))
#undef toupper
#define toupper(c) towupper(btowc(c))
#endif
/* Declarations for symbol visibility.
PyAPI_FUNC(type): Declares a public Python API function and return type
PyAPI_DATA(type): Declares public Python data and its type
PyMODINIT_FUNC: A Python module init function. If these functions are
inside the Python core, they are private to the core.
If in an extension module, it may be declared with
external linkage depending on the platform.
As a number of platforms support/require "__declspec(dllimport/dllexport)",
we support a HAVE_DECLSPEC_DLL macro to save duplication.
*/
/*
All windows ports, except cygwin, are handled in PC/pyconfig.h.
BeOS and cygwin are the only other autoconf platform requiring special
linkage handling and both of these use __declspec().
*/
#if defined(__CYGWIN__) || defined(__BEOS__)
# define HAVE_DECLSPEC_DLL
#endif
/* only get special linkage if built as shared or platform is Cygwin */
#if defined(Py_ENABLE_SHARED) || defined(__CYGWIN__)
# if defined(HAVE_DECLSPEC_DLL)
# ifdef Py_BUILD_CORE
# define PyAPI_FUNC(RTYPE) __declspec(dllexport) RTYPE
# define PyAPI_DATA(RTYPE) extern __declspec(dllexport) RTYPE
/* module init functions inside the core need no external linkage */
/* except for Cygwin to handle embedding (FIXME: BeOS too?) */
# if defined(__CYGWIN__)
# define PyMODINIT_FUNC __declspec(dllexport) void
# else /* __CYGWIN__ */
# define PyMODINIT_FUNC void
# endif /* __CYGWIN__ */
# else /* Py_BUILD_CORE */
/* Building an extension module, or an embedded situation */
/* public Python functions and data are imported */
/* Under Cygwin, auto-import functions to prevent compilation */
/* failures similar to those described at the bottom of 4.1: */
/* http://docs.python.org/extending/windows.html#a-cookbook-approach */
# if !defined(__CYGWIN__)
# define PyAPI_FUNC(RTYPE) __declspec(dllimport) RTYPE
# endif /* !__CYGWIN__ */
# define PyAPI_DATA(RTYPE) extern __declspec(dllimport) RTYPE
/* module init functions outside the core must be exported */
# if defined(__cplusplus)
# define PyMODINIT_FUNC extern "C" __declspec(dllexport) void
# else /* __cplusplus */
# define PyMODINIT_FUNC __declspec(dllexport) void
# endif /* __cplusplus */
# endif /* Py_BUILD_CORE */
# endif /* HAVE_DECLSPEC */
#endif /* Py_ENABLE_SHARED */
/* If no external linkage macros defined by now, create defaults */
#ifndef PyAPI_FUNC
# define PyAPI_FUNC(RTYPE) RTYPE
#endif
#ifndef PyAPI_DATA
# define PyAPI_DATA(RTYPE) extern RTYPE
#endif
#ifndef PyMODINIT_FUNC
# if defined(__cplusplus)
# define PyMODINIT_FUNC extern "C" void
# else /* __cplusplus */
# define PyMODINIT_FUNC void
# endif /* __cplusplus */
#endif
/* Deprecated DL_IMPORT and DL_EXPORT macros */
#if defined(Py_ENABLE_SHARED) && defined (HAVE_DECLSPEC_DLL)
# if defined(Py_BUILD_CORE)
# define DL_IMPORT(RTYPE) __declspec(dllexport) RTYPE
# define DL_EXPORT(RTYPE) __declspec(dllexport) RTYPE
# else
# define DL_IMPORT(RTYPE) __declspec(dllimport) RTYPE
# define DL_EXPORT(RTYPE) __declspec(dllexport) RTYPE
# endif
#endif
#ifndef DL_EXPORT
# define DL_EXPORT(RTYPE) RTYPE
#endif
#ifndef DL_IMPORT
# define DL_IMPORT(RTYPE) RTYPE
#endif
/* End of deprecated DL_* macros */
/* If the fd manipulation macros aren't defined,
here is a set that should do the job */
#if 0 /* disabled and probably obsolete */
#ifndef FD_SETSIZE
#define FD_SETSIZE 256
#endif
#ifndef FD_SET
typedef long fd_mask;
#define NFDBITS (sizeof(fd_mask) * NBBY) /* bits per mask */
#ifndef howmany
#define howmany(x, y) (((x)+((y)-1))/(y))
#endif /* howmany */
typedef struct fd_set {
fd_mask fds_bits[howmany(FD_SETSIZE, NFDBITS)];
} fd_set;
#define FD_SET(n, p) ((p)->fds_bits[(n)/NFDBITS] |= (1 << ((n) % NFDBITS)))
#define FD_CLR(n, p) ((p)->fds_bits[(n)/NFDBITS] &= ~(1 << ((n) % NFDBITS)))
#define FD_ISSET(n, p) ((p)->fds_bits[(n)/NFDBITS] & (1 << ((n) % NFDBITS)))
#define FD_ZERO(p) memset((char *)(p), '\0', sizeof(*(p)))
#endif /* FD_SET */
#endif /* fd manipulation macros */
/* limits.h constants that may be missing */
#ifndef INT_MAX
#define INT_MAX 2147483647
#endif
#ifndef LONG_MAX
#if SIZEOF_LONG == 4
#define LONG_MAX 0X7FFFFFFFL
#elif SIZEOF_LONG == 8
#define LONG_MAX 0X7FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFL
#else
#error "could not set LONG_MAX in pyport.h"
#endif
#endif
#ifndef LONG_MIN
#define LONG_MIN (-LONG_MAX-1)
#endif
#ifndef LONG_BIT
#define LONG_BIT (8 * SIZEOF_LONG)
#endif
#if LONG_BIT != 8 * SIZEOF_LONG
/* 04-Oct-2000 LONG_BIT is apparently (mis)defined as 64 on some recent
* 32-bit platforms using gcc. We try to catch that here at compile-time
* rather than waiting for integer multiplication to trigger bogus
* overflows.
*/
#error "LONG_BIT definition appears wrong for platform (bad gcc/glibc config?)."
#endif
#ifdef __cplusplus
}
#endif
/*
* Hide GCC attributes from compilers that don't support them.
*/
#if (!defined(__GNUC__) || __GNUC__ < 2 || \
(__GNUC__ == 2 && __GNUC_MINOR__ < 7) ) && \
!defined(RISCOS)
#define Py_GCC_ATTRIBUTE(x)
#else
#define Py_GCC_ATTRIBUTE(x) __attribute__(x)
#endif
/*
* Add PyArg_ParseTuple format where available.
*/
#ifdef HAVE_ATTRIBUTE_FORMAT_PARSETUPLE
#define Py_FORMAT_PARSETUPLE(func,p1,p2) __attribute__((format(func,p1,p2)))
#else
#define Py_FORMAT_PARSETUPLE(func,p1,p2)
#endif
/*
* Specify alignment on compilers that support it.
*/
#if defined(__GNUC__) && __GNUC__ >= 3
#define Py_ALIGNED(x) __attribute__((aligned(x)))
#else
#define Py_ALIGNED(x)
#endif
/* Eliminate end-of-loop code not reached warnings from SunPro C
* when using do{...}while(0) macros
*/
#ifdef __SUNPRO_C
#pragma error_messages (off,E_END_OF_LOOP_CODE_NOT_REACHED)
#endif
/*
* Older Microsoft compilers don't support the C99 long long literal suffixes,
* so these will be defined in PC/pyconfig.h for those compilers.
*/
#ifndef Py_LL
#define Py_LL(x) x##LL
#endif
#ifndef Py_ULL
#define Py_ULL(x) Py_LL(x##U)
#endif
#endif /* Py_PYPORT_H */
Rosenblum TV: Video training, virtual workshops, classes, tutorials
RE-INVENTING THE TELEVISION NEWS BUSINESS*
A revolution in video storytelling
Creating entirely new & cost-effective production methods
From the world leaders in video production training and the creators of Character Driven Storytelling™
*and every other business that uses video
WHAT WE DO
Over the past 35 years, we have designed, built or restructured some of the most powerful news and journalism companies in the world.
We replace the traditional TV news ‘crew’ with one highly trained journalist, working alone with nothing but an iPhone.
No more TV news ‘crews’, no editors and no field producers.
This is television news done the way newspaper journalism is done – one reporter with their electronic pad and pencil.
In doing this, we can cut the cost of production by as much as 75% while increasing ratings and audience engagement.
In the place of conventional TV news ‘packages’ – ie, reporter stand up, interview, b-roll, man on the street, we marry great journalism with Netflix and Hollywood storytelling.
It’s a combination that works.
We have taken most of our clients to #1 in their respective markets.
And it’s not just for news. Any company, any profit, any NGO and anyone else who is online needs to tell their story in compelling yet cost-effective video. We can teach you to do that. Either in person or virtually.
EXAMPLES OF WHAT WE CAN TEACH YOUR STAFF TO PRODUCE
ITAY HOD
Itay Hod, MMJ with KPIX/CBS in San Francisco, took the 5-Day Intensive Video Storytelling Bootcamp in 2018.
Because he works alone, with only an iPhone, he was able to embed himself with a homeless family.
Here’s the story he produced in a one-day turn.
KIET DO
Kiet Do, an MMJ with KPIX/CBS in San Francisco, took the 5-Day Intensive Video Storytelling Bootcamp in 2021.
Here is a story he produced, all on his own, with only an iPhone and in a one-day turn.
TAYLOR SCHAUB
Taylor Schaub, an MMJ with Spectrum News 1 in LA, took the 5-Day Intensive Video Storytelling Bootcamp in 2023.
Here is a story he turned in only one day, using only an iPhone. It was the first video story he ever did and it was nominated for an Emmy.
THE BOOTCAMP
How do we convert stations and whole networks to working in this way?
Since 1988, we have run intensive 5-Day Video Storytelling Bootcamps
We have done these all over the world.
These are hands-on bootcamps, and participants learn an entirely new way of creating TV news stories.
-We shoot at a 3:1 ratio or lower, so turnaround times are fast.
-We go directly from camera to timelilne and edit – no written scripts. We work in the medium of pictures and sound.
-We are entirely character-driven.
-We are driven by pictures and real events.
-We are focused almost entirely on ’the viewer experience’.
Since 1988, more than 70,000 journalists around the world have taken our bootcamps, either in person on virtualy.
We have started to work with CBS News, bringing our ideas of character-driven storytelling to one of the most successful and biggest networks in the United States. Since beginning to work with them ratings have climbed and more importantly, audience engagement is through the ceiling.
We started New York Times Television in 1990 and it was the first paper to be brought into the world of TV. It quickly became one of the most successful non-fiction production companies in the United States. The series and documentaries we produced won many awards including multiple Emmys.
We have been working with the BBC since the year 2000 helping to convert their national news network to our visual storytelling technique. Most recently we have trained teams from their sports, documentaries, and comedy divisions to make character-driven stories using only smartphones.
For the past five years we have worked with Spectrum News to introduce and train their journalists on visual, character driven storytelling using smartphones helping to create a different kind of local news for their network of 24-Hour News Stations across the United States.
In 2006, we were approached by the United Nations. Rather than rely on news outlets, it would be much easier to train the field operatives to produce their own stories. We spent two years working with the UN, training more than 100 of their staff in bootcamps in Geneva and Nairobi.
We trained 50 print reporters at the paper to shoot and tell their own stories, in conjunction with their print work. We built a TV newsroom in their existing print newsroom – you could not ask for a better set and they began to live stream their stories in conjunction with their print work.
We spent two years with McGraw Hill, training more than 150 of their staffers, making them completely video literate. McGraw/Hill media properties we transit included Business Week, Aviation Week, (what was the name of the architecture magazine), and JD Power and Associates.
In 1990, we were approached by The Voice of America, the official broadcasting agency for the United States Government. When we met with VOA, they were only a short wave radio broadcaster, but working with them, we took them into television, launching VOA-TV.
British based Oyster Yachts makes some of the finest yachts in the world. Like every other company, they had to find a way to feed the never-ending video demands of social media – sites like Instagram and TikTok. We trained the Oyster staff to tell their own stories, using only iPhones.
We were approached by SEPA, the Scottish Environmental Protection Agency because they had to continually find a way to ‘feed the media beast’. The result was that SEPA was able to tell their own stories, whenever they wanted, and at almost no additional cost.
Michael Rosenblum has been writing about the media since 1988. His work and ideas have appeared in The Guardian, The Huffington Post, Ilkeston Life and many other publications.
He has been blogging regularly for the past 35 years on this subject. Having taught media studies at Columbia University, NYU and now the University of Oxford, he is considered an expert on this subject.
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