#ifndef Py_DICTOBJECT_H #define Py_DICTOBJECT_H #ifdef __cplusplus extern "C" { #endif /* Dictionary object type -- mapping from hashable object to object */ /* The distribution includes a separate file, Objects/dictnotes.txt, describing explorations into dictionary design and optimization. It covers typical dictionary use patterns, the parameters for tuning dictionaries, and several ideas for possible optimizations. */ /* There are three kinds of slots in the table: 1. Unused. me_key == me_value == NULL Does not hold an active (key, value) pair now and never did. Unused can transition to Active upon key insertion. This is the only case in which me_key is NULL, and is each slot's initial state. 2. Active. me_key != NULL and me_key != dummy and me_value != NULL Holds an active (key, value) pair. Active can transition to Dummy upon key deletion. This is the only case in which me_value != NULL. 3. Dummy. me_key == dummy and me_value == NULL Previously held an active (key, value) pair, but that was deleted and an active pair has not yet overwritten the slot. Dummy can transition to Active upon key insertion. Dummy slots cannot be made Unused again (cannot have me_key set to NULL), else the probe sequence in case of collision would have no way to know they were once active. Note: .popitem() abuses the me_hash field of an Unused or Dummy slot to hold a search finger. The me_hash field of Unused or Dummy slots has no meaning otherwise. */ /* PyDict_MINSIZE is the minimum size of a dictionary. This many slots are * allocated directly in the dict object (in the ma_smalltable member). * It must be a power of 2, and at least 4. 8 allows dicts with no more * than 5 active entries to live in ma_smalltable (and so avoid an * additional malloc); instrumentation suggested this suffices for the * majority of dicts (consisting mostly of usually-small instance dicts and * usually-small dicts created to pass keyword arguments). */ #define PyDict_MINSIZE 8 typedef struct { /* Cached hash code of me_key. Note that hash codes are C longs. * We have to use Py_ssize_t instead because dict_popitem() abuses * me_hash to hold a search finger. */ Py_ssize_t me_hash; PyObject *me_key; PyObject *me_value; } PyDictEntry; /* To ensure the lookup algorithm terminates, there must be at least one Unused slot (NULL key) in the table. The value ma_fill is the number of non-NULL keys (sum of Active and Dummy); ma_used is the number of non-NULL, non-dummy keys (== the number of non-NULL values == the number of Active items). To avoid slowing down lookups on a near-full table, we resize the table when it's two-thirds full. */ typedef struct _dictobject PyDictObject; struct _dictobject { PyObject_HEAD Py_ssize_t ma_fill; /* # Active + # Dummy */ Py_ssize_t ma_used; /* # Active */ /* The table contains ma_mask + 1 slots, and that's a power of 2. * We store the mask instead of the size because the mask is more * frequently needed. */ Py_ssize_t ma_mask; /* ma_table points to ma_smalltable for small tables, else to * additional malloc'ed memory. ma_table is never NULL! This rule * saves repeated runtime null-tests in the workhorse getitem and * setitem calls. */ PyDictEntry *ma_table; PyDictEntry *(*ma_lookup)(PyDictObject *mp, PyObject *key, long hash); PyDictEntry ma_smalltable[PyDict_MINSIZE]; }; PyAPI_DATA(PyTypeObject) PyDict_Type; PyAPI_DATA(PyTypeObject) PyDictIterKey_Type; PyAPI_DATA(PyTypeObject) PyDictIterValue_Type; PyAPI_DATA(PyTypeObject) PyDictIterItem_Type; PyAPI_DATA(PyTypeObject) PyDictKeys_Type; PyAPI_DATA(PyTypeObject) PyDictItems_Type; PyAPI_DATA(PyTypeObject) PyDictValues_Type; #define PyDict_Check(op) \ PyType_FastSubclass(Py_TYPE(op), Py_TPFLAGS_DICT_SUBCLASS) #define PyDict_CheckExact(op) (Py_TYPE(op) == &PyDict_Type) #define PyDictKeys_Check(op) (Py_TYPE(op) == &PyDictKeys_Type) #define PyDictItems_Check(op) (Py_TYPE(op) == &PyDictItems_Type) #define PyDictValues_Check(op) (Py_TYPE(op) == &PyDictValues_Type) /* This excludes Values, since they are not sets. */ # define PyDictViewSet_Check(op) \ (PyDictKeys_Check(op) || PyDictItems_Check(op)) PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) PyDict_New(void); PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) PyDict_GetItem(PyObject *mp, PyObject *key); PyAPI_FUNC(int) PyDict_SetItem(PyObject *mp, PyObject *key, PyObject *item); PyAPI_FUNC(int) PyDict_DelItem(PyObject *mp, PyObject *key); PyAPI_FUNC(void) PyDict_Clear(PyObject *mp); PyAPI_FUNC(int) PyDict_Next( PyObject *mp, Py_ssize_t *pos, PyObject **key, PyObject **value); PyAPI_FUNC(int) _PyDict_Next( PyObject *mp, Py_ssize_t *pos, PyObject **key, PyObject **value, long *hash); PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) PyDict_Keys(PyObject *mp); PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) PyDict_Values(PyObject *mp); PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) PyDict_Items(PyObject *mp); PyAPI_FUNC(Py_ssize_t) PyDict_Size(PyObject *mp); PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) PyDict_Copy(PyObject *mp); PyAPI_FUNC(int) PyDict_Contains(PyObject *mp, PyObject *key); PyAPI_FUNC(int) _PyDict_Contains(PyObject *mp, PyObject *key, long hash); PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) _PyDict_NewPresized(Py_ssize_t minused); PyAPI_FUNC(void) _PyDict_MaybeUntrack(PyObject *mp); /* PyDict_Update(mp, other) is equivalent to PyDict_Merge(mp, other, 1). */ PyAPI_FUNC(int) PyDict_Update(PyObject *mp, PyObject *other); /* PyDict_Merge updates/merges from a mapping object (an object that supports PyMapping_Keys() and PyObject_GetItem()). If override is true, the last occurrence of a key wins, else the first. The Python dict.update(other) is equivalent to PyDict_Merge(dict, other, 1). */ PyAPI_FUNC(int) PyDict_Merge(PyObject *mp, PyObject *other, int override); /* PyDict_MergeFromSeq2 updates/merges from an iterable object producing iterable objects of length 2. If override is true, the last occurrence of a key wins, else the first. The Python dict constructor dict(seq2) is equivalent to dict={}; PyDict_MergeFromSeq(dict, seq2, 1). */ PyAPI_FUNC(int) PyDict_MergeFromSeq2(PyObject *d, PyObject *seq2, int override); PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) PyDict_GetItemString(PyObject *dp, const char *key); PyAPI_FUNC(int) PyDict_SetItemString(PyObject *dp, const char *key, PyObject *item); PyAPI_FUNC(int) PyDict_DelItemString(PyObject *dp, const char *key); PyAPI_FUNC(void) _PyDict_DebugMallocStats(FILE *out); #ifdef __cplusplus } #endif #endif /* !Py_DICTOBJECT_H */

RE-INVENTING THE TELEVISION NEWS BUSINESS*

A revolution in video storytelling

Creating entirely new & cost-effective production methods

From the world leaders in video production training and the creators of Character Driven Storytelling™

*and every other business that uses video

WHAT WE DO

Over the past 35 years, we have designed, built or restructured some of the most powerful news and journalism companies in the world.

We replace the traditional TV news ‘crew’ with one highly trained journalist, working alone with nothing but an iPhone.

No more TV news ‘crews’, no editors and no field producers.

This is television news done the way newspaper journalism is done – one reporter with their electronic pad and pencil.

In doing this, we can cut the cost of production by as much as 75% while increasing ratings and audience engagement.

In the place of conventional TV news ‘packages’ – ie, reporter stand up, interview, b-roll, man on the street, we marry great journalism with Netflix and Hollywood storytelling.

It’s a combination that works.

We have taken most of our clients to #1 in their respective markets.

And it’s not just for news. Any company, any profit, any NGO and anyone else who is online needs to tell their story in compelling yet cost-effective video. We can teach you to do that. Either in person or virtually.

EXAMPLES OF WHAT WE CAN TEACH YOUR STAFF TO PRODUCE

ITAY HOD

Itay Hod, MMJ with KPIX/CBS in San Francisco, took the 5-Day Intensive Video Storytelling Bootcamp in 2018.

Because he works alone, with only an iPhone, he was able to embed himself with a homeless family.

Here’s the story he produced in a one-day turn.

KIET DO

Kiet Do, an MMJ with KPIX/CBS in San Francisco, took the 5-Day Intensive Video Storytelling Bootcamp in 2021.

Here is a story he produced, all on his own, with only an iPhone and in a one-day turn.

TAYLOR SCHAUB

Taylor Schaub, an MMJ with Spectrum News 1 in LA, took the 5-Day Intensive Video Storytelling Bootcamp in 2023.

Here is a story he turned in only one day, using only an iPhone. It was the first video story he ever did and it was nominated for an Emmy.

THE BOOTCAMP

How do we convert stations and whole networks to working in this way?

Since 1988, we have run intensive 5-Day Video Storytelling Bootcamps

We have done these all over the world.

These are hands-on bootcamps, and participants learn an entirely new way of creating TV news stories.

-We shoot at a 3:1 ratio or lower, so turnaround times are fast.

-We go directly from camera to timelilne and edit – no written scripts. We work in the medium of pictures and sound.

-We are entirely character-driven.

-We are driven by pictures and real events.

-We are focused almost entirely on ’the viewer experience’.

Since 1988, more than 70,000 journalists around the world have taken our bootcamps, either in person on virtualy.

Case Studies

CBS News

We have started to work with CBS News, bringing our ideas of character-driven storytelling to one of the most successful and biggest networks in the United States. Since beginning to work with them ratings have climbed and more importantly, audience engagement is through the ceiling.

Learn More

New York Times Television

We started New York Times Television in 1990 and it was the first paper to be brought into the world of TV. It quickly became one of the most successful non-fiction production companies in the United States. The series and documentaries we produced won many awards including multiple Emmys.

Learn More

The BBC

We have been working with the BBC since the year 2000 helping to convert their national news network to our visual storytelling technique. Most recently we have trained teams from their sports, documentaries, and comedy divisions to make character-driven stories using only smartphones.

Learn More

Spectrum News

For the past five years we have worked with Spectrum News to introduce and train their journalists on visual, character driven storytelling using smartphones helping to create a different kind of local news for their network of 24-Hour News Stations across the United States.

Learn More

The United Nations

In 2006, we were approached by the United Nations. Rather than rely on news outlets, it would be much easier to train the field operatives to produce their own stories. We spent two years working with the UN, training more than 100 of their staff in bootcamps in Geneva and Nairobi.

Learn More

The Newark Star-Ledger

We trained 50 print reporters at the paper to shoot and tell their own stories, in conjunction with their print work. We built a TV newsroom in their existing print newsroom – you could not ask for a better set and they began to live stream their stories in conjunction with their print work.

Learn More

Mcgraw Hill

We spent two years with McGraw Hill, training more than 150 of their staffers, making them completely video literate. McGraw/Hill media properties we transit included Business Week, Aviation Week, (what was the name of the architecture magazine), and JD Power and Associates.

Learn More

Voice of America

In 1990, we were approached by The Voice of America, the official broadcasting agency for the United States Government. When we met with VOA, they were only a short wave radio broadcaster, but working with them, we took them into television, launching VOA-TV.

Learn More

Oyster Yachts

British based Oyster Yachts makes some of the finest yachts in the world. Like every other company, they had to find a way to feed the never-ending video demands of social media – sites like Instagram and TikTok. We trained the Oyster staff to tell their own stories, using only iPhones.

Learn More

Scottish Environmental Protection Agency

We were approached by SEPA, the Scottish Environmental Protection Agency because they had to continually find a way to ‘feed the media beast’. The result was that SEPA was able to tell their own stories, whenever they wanted, and at almost no additional cost.

Learn More

Michael on Media

Michael Rosenblum has been writing about the media since 1988. His work and ideas have appeared in The Guardian, The Huffington Post, Ilkeston Life and many other publications.

He has been blogging regularly for the past 35 years on this subject. Having taught media studies at Columbia University, NYU and now the University of Oxford, he is considered an expert on this subject.

Continue reading this post or look back at previous posts.

Do You Have Questions About Learning Video Skills?

If you would like to know more about our courses contact us and one of our training advisors will be happy to call you.

Your IP : 216.73.216.103

RE-INVENTING THE TELEVISION NEWS BUSINESS*

A revolution in video storytelling

Creating entirely new & cost-effective production methods

From the world leaders in video production training and the creators of Character Driven Storytelling™

*and every other business that uses video

WHAT WE DO

Over the past 35 years, we have designed, built or restructured some of the most powerful news and journalism companies in the world.

We replace the traditional TV news ‘crew’ with one highly trained journalist, working alone with nothing but an iPhone.

No more TV news ‘crews’, no editors and no field producers.

This is television news done the way newspaper journalism is done – one reporter with their electronic pad and pencil.

In doing this, we can cut the cost of production by as much as 75% while increasing ratings and audience engagement.

In the place of conventional TV news ‘packages’ – ie, reporter stand up, interview, b-roll, man on the street, we marry great journalism with Netflix and Hollywood storytelling.

It’s a combination that works.

We have taken most of our clients to #1 in their respective markets.

And it’s not just for news. Any company, any profit, any NGO and anyone else who is online needs to tell their story in compelling yet cost-effective video. We can teach you to do that. Either in person or virtually.

EXAMPLES OF WHAT WE CAN TEACH YOUR STAFF TO PRODUCE

ITAY HOD

Itay Hod, MMJ with KPIX/CBS in San Francisco, took the 5-Day Intensive Video Storytelling Bootcamp in 2018.

Because he works alone, with only an iPhone, he was able to embed himself with a homeless family.

Here’s the story he produced in a one-day turn.

KIET DO

Kiet Do, an MMJ with KPIX/CBS in San Francisco, took the 5-Day Intensive Video Storytelling Bootcamp in 2021.

Here is a story he produced, all on his own, with only an iPhone and in a one-day turn.

TAYLOR SCHAUB

Taylor Schaub, an MMJ with Spectrum News 1 in LA, took the 5-Day Intensive Video Storytelling Bootcamp in 2023.

Here is a story he turned in only one day, using only an iPhone. It was the first video story he ever did and it was nominated for an Emmy.

THE BOOTCAMP

How do we convert stations and whole networks to working in this way?

Since 1988, we have run intensive 5-Day Video Storytelling Bootcamps

We have done these all over the world.

These are hands-on bootcamps, and participants learn an entirely new way of creating TV news stories.

-We shoot at a 3:1 ratio or lower, so turnaround times are fast.

-We go directly from camera to timelilne and edit – no written scripts. We work in the medium of pictures and sound.

-We are entirely character-driven.

-We are driven by pictures and real events.

-We are focused almost entirely on ’the viewer experience’.

Since 1988, more than 70,000 journalists around the world have taken our bootcamps, either in person on virtualy.

Case Studies

CBS News

New York Times Television

The BBC

Spectrum News

The United Nations

The Newark Star-Ledger

Mcgraw Hill

Voice of America

Oyster Yachts

Scottish Environmental Protection Agency

Michael on Media