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/*--------------------------------------------------------------------
 * guc.h
 *
 * External declarations pertaining to backend/utils/misc/guc.c and
 * backend/utils/misc/guc-file.l
 *
 * Copyright (c) 2000-2012, PostgreSQL Global Development Group
 * Written by Peter Eisentraut <peter_e@gmx.net>.
 *
 * src/include/utils/guc.h
 *--------------------------------------------------------------------
 */
#ifndef GUC_H
#define GUC_H

#include "nodes/parsenodes.h"
#include "tcop/dest.h"
#include "utils/array.h"


/*
 * Certain options can only be set at certain times. The rules are
 * like this:
 *
 * INTERNAL options cannot be set by the user at all, but only through
 * internal processes ("server_version" is an example).  These are GUC
 * variables only so they can be shown by SHOW, etc.
 *
 * POSTMASTER options can only be set when the postmaster starts,
 * either from the configuration file or the command line.
 *
 * SIGHUP options can only be set at postmaster startup or by changing
 * the configuration file and sending the HUP signal to the postmaster
 * or a backend process. (Notice that the signal receipt will not be
 * evaluated immediately. The postmaster and the backend check it at a
 * certain point in their main loop. It's safer to wait than to read a
 * file asynchronously.)
 *
 * BACKEND options can only be set at postmaster startup, from the
 * configuration file, or by client request in the connection startup
 * packet (e.g., from libpq's PGOPTIONS variable).  Furthermore, an
 * already-started backend will ignore changes to such an option in the
 * configuration file.  The idea is that these options are fixed for a
 * given backend once it's started, but they can vary across backends.
 *
 * SUSET options can be set at postmaster startup, with the SIGHUP
 * mechanism, or from SQL if you're a superuser.
 *
 * USERSET options can be set by anyone any time.
 */
typedef enum
{
	PGC_INTERNAL,
	PGC_POSTMASTER,
	PGC_SIGHUP,
	PGC_BACKEND,
	PGC_SUSET,
	PGC_USERSET
} GucContext;

/*
 * The following type records the source of the current setting.  A
 * new setting can only take effect if the previous setting had the
 * same or lower level.  (E.g, changing the config file doesn't
 * override the postmaster command line.)  Tracking the source allows us
 * to process sources in any convenient order without affecting results.
 * Sources <= PGC_S_OVERRIDE will set the default used by RESET, as well
 * as the current value.  Note that source == PGC_S_OVERRIDE should be
 * used when setting a PGC_INTERNAL option.
 *
 * PGC_S_INTERACTIVE isn't actually a source value, but is the
 * dividing line between "interactive" and "non-interactive" sources for
 * error reporting purposes.
 *
 * PGC_S_TEST is used when testing values to be stored as per-database or
 * per-user defaults ("doit" will always be false, so this never gets stored
 * as the actual source of any value).  This is an interactive case, but
 * it needs its own source value because some assign hooks need to make
 * different validity checks in this case.
 *
 * NB: see GucSource_Names in guc.c if you change this.
 */
typedef enum
{
	PGC_S_DEFAULT,				/* hard-wired default ("boot_val") */
	PGC_S_DYNAMIC_DEFAULT,		/* default computed during initialization */
	PGC_S_ENV_VAR,				/* postmaster environment variable */
	PGC_S_FILE,					/* postgresql.conf */
	PGC_S_ARGV,					/* postmaster command line */
	PGC_S_DATABASE,				/* per-database setting */
	PGC_S_USER,					/* per-user setting */
	PGC_S_DATABASE_USER,		/* per-user-and-database setting */
	PGC_S_CLIENT,				/* from client connection request */
	PGC_S_OVERRIDE,				/* special case to forcibly set default */
	PGC_S_INTERACTIVE,			/* dividing line for error reporting */
	PGC_S_TEST,					/* test per-database or per-user setting */
	PGC_S_SESSION				/* SET command */
} GucSource;

/*
 * Parsing the configuration file will return a list of name-value pairs
 * with source location info.
 */
typedef struct ConfigVariable
{
	char	   *name;
	char	   *value;
	char	   *filename;
	int			sourceline;
	struct ConfigVariable *next;
} ConfigVariable;

extern bool ParseConfigFile(const char *config_file, const char *calling_file,
				bool strict, int depth, int elevel,
				ConfigVariable **head_p, ConfigVariable **tail_p);
extern bool ParseConfigFp(FILE *fp, const char *config_file,
			  int depth, int elevel,
			  ConfigVariable **head_p, ConfigVariable **tail_p);
extern void FreeConfigVariables(ConfigVariable *list);

/*
 * The possible values of an enum variable are specified by an array of
 * name-value pairs.  The "hidden" flag means the value is accepted but
 * won't be displayed when guc.c is asked for a list of acceptable values.
 */
struct config_enum_entry
{
	const char *name;
	int			val;
	bool		hidden;
};

/*
 * Signatures for per-variable check/assign/show hook functions
 */
typedef bool (*GucBoolCheckHook) (bool *newval, void **extra, GucSource source);
typedef bool (*GucIntCheckHook) (int *newval, void **extra, GucSource source);
typedef bool (*GucRealCheckHook) (double *newval, void **extra, GucSource source);
typedef bool (*GucStringCheckHook) (char **newval, void **extra, GucSource source);
typedef bool (*GucEnumCheckHook) (int *newval, void **extra, GucSource source);

typedef void (*GucBoolAssignHook) (bool newval, void *extra);
typedef void (*GucIntAssignHook) (int newval, void *extra);
typedef void (*GucRealAssignHook) (double newval, void *extra);
typedef void (*GucStringAssignHook) (const char *newval, void *extra);
typedef void (*GucEnumAssignHook) (int newval, void *extra);

typedef const char *(*GucShowHook) (void);

/*
 * Miscellaneous
 */
typedef enum
{
	/* Types of set_config_option actions */
	GUC_ACTION_SET,				/* regular SET command */
	GUC_ACTION_LOCAL,			/* SET LOCAL command */
	GUC_ACTION_SAVE				/* function SET option, or temp assignment */
} GucAction;

#define GUC_QUALIFIER_SEPARATOR '.'

/*
 * bit values in "flags" of a GUC variable
 */
#define GUC_LIST_INPUT			0x0001	/* input can be list format */
#define GUC_LIST_QUOTE			0x0002	/* double-quote list elements */
#define GUC_NO_SHOW_ALL			0x0004	/* exclude from SHOW ALL */
#define GUC_NO_RESET_ALL		0x0008	/* exclude from RESET ALL */
#define GUC_REPORT				0x0010	/* auto-report changes to client */
#define GUC_NOT_IN_SAMPLE		0x0020	/* not in postgresql.conf.sample */
#define GUC_DISALLOW_IN_FILE	0x0040	/* can't set in postgresql.conf */
#define GUC_CUSTOM_PLACEHOLDER	0x0080	/* placeholder for custom variable */
#define GUC_SUPERUSER_ONLY		0x0100	/* show only to superusers */
#define GUC_IS_NAME				0x0200	/* limit string to NAMEDATALEN-1 */

#define GUC_UNIT_KB				0x0400	/* value is in kilobytes */
#define GUC_UNIT_BLOCKS			0x0800	/* value is in blocks */
#define GUC_UNIT_XBLOCKS		0x0C00	/* value is in xlog blocks */
#define GUC_UNIT_MEMORY			0x0C00	/* mask for KB, BLOCKS, XBLOCKS */

#define GUC_UNIT_MS				0x1000	/* value is in milliseconds */
#define GUC_UNIT_S				0x2000	/* value is in seconds */
#define GUC_UNIT_MIN			0x4000	/* value is in minutes */
#define GUC_UNIT_TIME			0x7000	/* mask for MS, S, MIN */

#define GUC_NOT_WHILE_SEC_REST	0x8000	/* can't set if security restricted */

/* GUC vars that are actually declared in guc.c, rather than elsewhere */
extern bool log_duration;
extern bool Debug_print_plan;
extern bool Debug_print_parse;
extern bool Debug_print_rewritten;
extern bool Debug_pretty_print;

extern bool log_parser_stats;
extern bool log_planner_stats;
extern bool log_executor_stats;
extern bool log_statement_stats;
extern bool log_btree_build_stats;

extern PGDLLIMPORT bool check_function_bodies;
extern bool default_with_oids;
extern bool SQL_inheritance;

extern int	log_min_error_statement;
extern int	log_min_messages;
extern int	client_min_messages;
extern int	log_min_duration_statement;
extern int	log_temp_files;

extern int	temp_file_limit;

extern int	num_temp_buffers;

extern char *data_directory;
extern char *ConfigFileName;
extern char *HbaFileName;
extern char *IdentFileName;
extern char *external_pid_file;

extern char *application_name;

extern int	tcp_keepalives_idle;
extern int	tcp_keepalives_interval;
extern int	tcp_keepalives_count;

/*
 * Functions exported by guc.c
 */
extern void SetConfigOption(const char *name, const char *value,
				GucContext context, GucSource source);

extern void DefineCustomBoolVariable(
						 const char *name,
						 const char *short_desc,
						 const char *long_desc,
						 bool *valueAddr,
						 bool bootValue,
						 GucContext context,
						 int flags,
						 GucBoolCheckHook check_hook,
						 GucBoolAssignHook assign_hook,
						 GucShowHook show_hook);

extern void DefineCustomIntVariable(
						const char *name,
						const char *short_desc,
						const char *long_desc,
						int *valueAddr,
						int bootValue,
						int minValue,
						int maxValue,
						GucContext context,
						int flags,
						GucIntCheckHook check_hook,
						GucIntAssignHook assign_hook,
						GucShowHook show_hook);

extern void DefineCustomRealVariable(
						 const char *name,
						 const char *short_desc,
						 const char *long_desc,
						 double *valueAddr,
						 double bootValue,
						 double minValue,
						 double maxValue,
						 GucContext context,
						 int flags,
						 GucRealCheckHook check_hook,
						 GucRealAssignHook assign_hook,
						 GucShowHook show_hook);

extern void DefineCustomStringVariable(
						   const char *name,
						   const char *short_desc,
						   const char *long_desc,
						   char **valueAddr,
						   const char *bootValue,
						   GucContext context,
						   int flags,
						   GucStringCheckHook check_hook,
						   GucStringAssignHook assign_hook,
						   GucShowHook show_hook);

extern void DefineCustomEnumVariable(
						 const char *name,
						 const char *short_desc,
						 const char *long_desc,
						 int *valueAddr,
						 int bootValue,
						 const struct config_enum_entry * options,
						 GucContext context,
						 int flags,
						 GucEnumCheckHook check_hook,
						 GucEnumAssignHook assign_hook,
						 GucShowHook show_hook);

extern void EmitWarningsOnPlaceholders(const char *className);

extern const char *GetConfigOption(const char *name, bool missing_ok,
				bool restrict_superuser);
extern const char *GetConfigOptionResetString(const char *name);
extern void ProcessConfigFile(GucContext context);
extern void InitializeGUCOptions(void);
extern bool SelectConfigFiles(const char *userDoption, const char *progname);
extern void ResetAllOptions(void);
extern void AtStart_GUC(void);
extern int	NewGUCNestLevel(void);
extern void AtEOXact_GUC(bool isCommit, int nestLevel);
extern void BeginReportingGUCOptions(void);
extern void ParseLongOption(const char *string, char **name, char **value);
extern bool parse_int(const char *value, int *result, int flags,
		  const char **hintmsg);
extern bool parse_real(const char *value, double *result);
extern int set_config_option(const char *name, const char *value,
				  GucContext context, GucSource source,
				  GucAction action, bool changeVal, int elevel);
extern char *GetConfigOptionByName(const char *name, const char **varname);
extern void GetConfigOptionByNum(int varnum, const char **values, bool *noshow);
extern int	GetNumConfigOptions(void);

extern void SetPGVariable(const char *name, List *args, bool is_local);
extern void GetPGVariable(const char *name, DestReceiver *dest);
extern TupleDesc GetPGVariableResultDesc(const char *name);

extern void ExecSetVariableStmt(VariableSetStmt *stmt);
extern char *ExtractSetVariableArgs(VariableSetStmt *stmt);

extern void ProcessGUCArray(ArrayType *array,
				GucContext context, GucSource source, GucAction action);
extern ArrayType *GUCArrayAdd(ArrayType *array, const char *name, const char *value);
extern ArrayType *GUCArrayDelete(ArrayType *array, const char *name);
extern ArrayType *GUCArrayReset(ArrayType *array);

#ifdef EXEC_BACKEND
extern void write_nondefault_variables(GucContext context);
extern void read_nondefault_variables(void);
#endif

/* Support for messages reported from GUC check hooks */

extern PGDLLIMPORT char *GUC_check_errmsg_string;
extern PGDLLIMPORT char *GUC_check_errdetail_string;
extern PGDLLIMPORT char *GUC_check_errhint_string;

extern void GUC_check_errcode(int sqlerrcode);

#define GUC_check_errmsg \
	pre_format_elog_string(errno, TEXTDOMAIN), \
	GUC_check_errmsg_string = format_elog_string

#define GUC_check_errdetail \
	pre_format_elog_string(errno, TEXTDOMAIN), \
	GUC_check_errdetail_string = format_elog_string

#define GUC_check_errhint \
	pre_format_elog_string(errno, TEXTDOMAIN), \
	GUC_check_errhint_string = format_elog_string


/*
 * The following functions are not in guc.c, but are declared here to avoid
 * having to include guc.h in some widely used headers that it really doesn't
 * belong in.
 */

/* in commands/tablespace.c */
extern bool check_default_tablespace(char **newval, void **extra, GucSource source);
extern bool check_temp_tablespaces(char **newval, void **extra, GucSource source);
extern void assign_temp_tablespaces(const char *newval, void *extra);

/* in catalog/namespace.c */
extern bool check_search_path(char **newval, void **extra, GucSource source);
extern void assign_search_path(const char *newval, void *extra);

/* in access/transam/xlog.c */
extern bool check_wal_buffers(int *newval, void **extra, GucSource source);
extern void assign_xlog_sync_method(int new_sync_method, void *extra);

#endif   /* GUC_H */

Rosenblum TV: Video training, virtual workshops, classes, tutorials
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  • About
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    • The BBC
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    • Scottish Environmental Protection Agency
  • The Power of Storytelling
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RE-INVENTING THE TELEVISION NEWS BUSINESS*

A revolution in video storytelling

Creating entirely new & cost-effective production methods

From the world leaders in video production training and the creators of Character Driven Storytelling™

*and every other business that uses video

WHAT WE DO

Over the past 35 years, we have designed, built or restructured some of the most powerful news and journalism companies in the world.

We replace the traditional TV news ‘crew’ with one highly trained journalist, working alone with nothing but an iPhone.

No more TV news ‘crews’, no editors and no field producers.

This is television news done the way newspaper journalism is done – one reporter with their electronic pad and pencil.

In doing this, we can cut the cost of production by as much as 75% while increasing ratings and audience engagement.

In the place of conventional TV news ‘packages’ – ie, reporter stand up, interview, b-roll, man on the street, we marry great journalism with Netflix and Hollywood storytelling.

It’s a combination that works.

We have taken most of our clients to #1 in their respective markets.

And it’s not just for news. Any company, any profit, any NGO and anyone else who is online needs to tell their story in compelling yet cost-effective video. We can teach you to do that. Either in person or virtually.

EXAMPLES OF WHAT WE CAN TEACH YOUR STAFF TO PRODUCE

ITAY HOD

Itay Hod, MMJ with KPIX/CBS in San Francisco, took the 5-Day Intensive Video Storytelling Bootcamp in 2018.

Because he works alone, with only an iPhone, he was able to embed himself with a homeless family.

Here’s the story he produced in a one-day turn.

KIET DO

Kiet Do, an MMJ with KPIX/CBS in San Francisco, took the 5-Day Intensive Video Storytelling Bootcamp in 2021.

Here is a story he produced, all on his own, with only an iPhone and in a one-day turn.

TAYLOR SCHAUB

Taylor Schaub, an MMJ with Spectrum News 1 in LA, took the 5-Day Intensive Video Storytelling Bootcamp in 2023.

Here is a story he turned in only one day, using only an iPhone. It was the first video story he ever did and it was nominated for an Emmy.

THE BOOTCAMP

How do we convert stations and whole networks to working in this way?

Since 1988, we have run intensive 5-Day Video Storytelling Bootcamps

We have done these all over the world.

These are hands-on bootcamps, and participants learn an entirely new way of creating TV news stories.

-We shoot at a 3:1 ratio or lower, so turnaround times are fast.

-We go directly from camera to timelilne and edit – no written scripts.  We work in the medium of pictures and sound.

-We are entirely character-driven.

-We are driven by pictures and real events.

-We are focused almost entirely on ’the viewer experience’.

Since 1988, more than 70,000 journalists around the world have taken our bootcamps, either in person on virtualy.

Case Studies

CBS Case Study Logos
CBS News

We have started to work with CBS News, bringing our ideas of character-driven storytelling to one of the most successful and biggest networks in the United States. Since beginning to work with them ratings have climbed and more importantly, audience engagement is through the ceiling.

Learn More
NYT Case Study Logos
New York Times Television

We started New York Times Television in 1990 and it was the first paper to be brought into the world of TV. It quickly became one of the most successful non-fiction production companies in the United States. The series and documentaries we produced won many awards including multiple Emmys.

Learn More
BBC Case Study Logos
The BBC

We have been working with the BBC since the year 2000 helping to convert their national news network to our visual storytelling technique. Most recently we have trained teams from their sports, documentaries, and comedy divisions to make character-driven stories using only smartphones.

Learn More
Spectrum Case Study Logos
Spectrum News

For the past five years we have worked with Spectrum News to introduce and train their journalists on visual, character driven storytelling using smartphones helping to create a different kind of local news for their network of 24-Hour News Stations across the United States.

Learn More
UN Case Study Logos
The United Nations

In 2006, we were approached by the United Nations. Rather than rely on news outlets, it would be much easier to train the field operatives to produce their own stories. We spent two years working with the UN, training more than 100 of their staff in bootcamps in Geneva and Nairobi.

Learn More
Star Ledger Case Study Logos
The Newark Star-Ledger

We trained 50 print reporters at the paper to shoot and tell their own stories, in conjunction with their print work. We built a TV newsroom in their existing print newsroom – you could not ask for a better set and they began to live stream their stories in conjunction with their print work.

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Mcgraw Hill Case Study Logos
Mcgraw Hill

We spent two years with McGraw Hill, training more than 150 of their staffers, making them completely video literate. McGraw/Hill media properties we transit included Business Week, Aviation Week, (what was the name of the architecture magazine), and JD Power and Associates.

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VOA Case Study Logos
Voice of America

In 1990, we were approached by The Voice of America, the official broadcasting agency for the United States Government. When we met with VOA, they were only a short wave radio broadcaster, but working with them, we took them into television, launching VOA-TV.

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Oyster Case Study Logos
Oyster Yachts

British based Oyster Yachts makes some of the finest yachts in the world. Like every other company, they had to find a way to feed the never-ending video demands of social media – sites like Instagram and TikTok. We trained the Oyster staff to tell their own stories, using only iPhones.

Learn More
SEPA Case Study Logos
Scottish Environmental Protection Agency

We were approached by SEPA, the Scottish Environmental Protection Agency because they had to continually find a way to ‘feed the media beast’. The result was that SEPA was able to tell their own stories, whenever they wanted, and at almost no additional cost.

Learn More
Image 11-11-22 at 6.25 PM

Michael on Media

Michael Rosenblum has been writing about the media since 1988. His work and ideas have appeared in The Guardian, The Huffington Post, Ilkeston Life and many other publications.

He has been blogging regularly for the past 35 years on this subject. Having taught media studies at Columbia University, NYU and now the University of Oxford, he is considered an expert on this subject.

Continue reading this post or look back at previous posts.

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