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/*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 *
 * datetime.h
 *	  Definitions for date/time support code.
 *	  The support code is shared with other date data types,
 *	   including abstime, reltime, date, and time.
 *
 *
 * Portions Copyright (c) 1996-2012, PostgreSQL Global Development Group
 * Portions Copyright (c) 1994, Regents of the University of California
 *
 * src/include/utils/datetime.h
 *
 *-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 */
#ifndef DATETIME_H
#define DATETIME_H

#include "nodes/nodes.h"
#include "utils/timestamp.h"

/* this struct is declared in utils/tzparser.h: */
struct tzEntry;


/* ----------------------------------------------------------------
 *				time types + support macros
 *
 * String definitions for standard time quantities.
 *
 * These strings are the defaults used to form output time strings.
 * Other alternative forms are hardcoded into token tables in datetime.c.
 * ----------------------------------------------------------------
 */

#define DAGO			"ago"
#define DCURRENT		"current"
#define EPOCH			"epoch"
#define INVALID			"invalid"
#define EARLY			"-infinity"
#define LATE			"infinity"
#define NOW				"now"
#define TODAY			"today"
#define TOMORROW		"tomorrow"
#define YESTERDAY		"yesterday"
#define ZULU			"zulu"

#define DMICROSEC		"usecond"
#define DMILLISEC		"msecond"
#define DSECOND			"second"
#define DMINUTE			"minute"
#define DHOUR			"hour"
#define DDAY			"day"
#define DWEEK			"week"
#define DMONTH			"month"
#define DQUARTER		"quarter"
#define DYEAR			"year"
#define DDECADE			"decade"
#define DCENTURY		"century"
#define DMILLENNIUM		"millennium"
#define DA_D			"ad"
#define DB_C			"bc"
#define DTIMEZONE		"timezone"

/*
 * Fundamental time field definitions for parsing.
 *
 *	Meridian:  am, pm, or 24-hour style.
 *	Millennium: ad, bc
 */

#define AM		0
#define PM		1
#define HR24	2

#define AD		0
#define BC		1

/*
 * Field types for time decoding.
 *
 * Can't have more of these than there are bits in an unsigned int
 * since these are turned into bit masks during parsing and decoding.
 *
 * Furthermore, the values for YEAR, MONTH, DAY, HOUR, MINUTE, SECOND
 * must be in the range 0..14 so that the associated bitmasks can fit
 * into the left half of an INTERVAL's typmod value.  Since those bits
 * are stored in typmods, you can't change them without initdb!
 */

#define RESERV	0
#define MONTH	1
#define YEAR	2
#define DAY		3
#define JULIAN	4
#define TZ		5				/* fixed-offset timezone abbreviation */
#define DTZ		6				/* fixed-offset timezone abbrev, DST */
#define DYNTZ	7				/* dynamic timezone abbreviation */
#define IGNORE_DTF	8
#define AMPM	9
#define HOUR	10
#define MINUTE	11
#define SECOND	12
#define MILLISECOND 13
#define MICROSECOND 14
#define DOY		15
#define DOW		16
#define UNITS	17
#define ADBC	18
/* these are only for relative dates */
#define AGO		19
#define ABS_BEFORE		20
#define ABS_AFTER		21
/* generic fields to help with parsing */
#define ISODATE 22
#define ISOTIME 23
/* these are only for parsing intervals */
#define WEEK		24
#define DECADE		25
#define CENTURY		26
#define MILLENNIUM	27
/* hack for parsing two-word timezone specs "MET DST" etc */
#define DTZMOD	28				/* "DST" as a separate word */
/* reserved for unrecognized string values */
#define UNKNOWN_FIELD	31

/*
 * Token field definitions for time parsing and decoding.
 *
 * Some field type codes (see above) use these as the "value" in datetktbl[].
 * These are also used for bit masks in DecodeDateTime and friends
 *	so actually restrict them to within [0,31] for now.
 * - thomas 97/06/19
 * Not all of these fields are used for masks in DecodeDateTime
 *	so allow some larger than 31. - thomas 1997-11-17
 *
 * Caution: there are undocumented assumptions in the code that most of these
 * values are not equal to IGNORE_DTF nor RESERV.  Be very careful when
 * renumbering values in either of these apparently-independent lists :-(
 */

#define DTK_NUMBER		0
#define DTK_STRING		1

#define DTK_DATE		2
#define DTK_TIME		3
#define DTK_TZ			4
#define DTK_AGO			5

#define DTK_SPECIAL		6
#define DTK_INVALID		7
#define DTK_CURRENT		8
#define DTK_EARLY		9
#define DTK_LATE		10
#define DTK_EPOCH		11
#define DTK_NOW			12
#define DTK_YESTERDAY	13
#define DTK_TODAY		14
#define DTK_TOMORROW	15
#define DTK_ZULU		16

#define DTK_DELTA		17
#define DTK_SECOND		18
#define DTK_MINUTE		19
#define DTK_HOUR		20
#define DTK_DAY			21
#define DTK_WEEK		22
#define DTK_MONTH		23
#define DTK_QUARTER		24
#define DTK_YEAR		25
#define DTK_DECADE		26
#define DTK_CENTURY		27
#define DTK_MILLENNIUM	28
#define DTK_MILLISEC	29
#define DTK_MICROSEC	30
#define DTK_JULIAN		31

#define DTK_DOW			32
#define DTK_DOY			33
#define DTK_TZ_HOUR		34
#define DTK_TZ_MINUTE	35
#define DTK_ISOYEAR		36
#define DTK_ISODOW		37


/*
 * Bit mask definitions for time parsing.
 */

#define DTK_M(t)		(0x01 << (t))

/* Convenience: a second, plus any fractional component */
#define DTK_ALL_SECS_M	(DTK_M(SECOND) | DTK_M(MILLISECOND) | DTK_M(MICROSECOND))
#define DTK_DATE_M		(DTK_M(YEAR) | DTK_M(MONTH) | DTK_M(DAY))
#define DTK_TIME_M		(DTK_M(HOUR) | DTK_M(MINUTE) | DTK_ALL_SECS_M)

/*
 * Working buffer size for input and output of interval, timestamp, etc.
 * Inputs that need more working space will be rejected early.  Longer outputs
 * will overrun buffers, so this must suffice for all possible output.  As of
 * this writing, interval_out() needs the most space at ~90 bytes.
 */
#define MAXDATELEN		128
/* maximum possible number of fields in a date string */
#define MAXDATEFIELDS	25
/* only this many chars are stored in datetktbl */
#define TOKMAXLEN		10

/* keep this struct small; it gets used a lot */
typedef struct
{
	char		token[TOKMAXLEN + 1];	/* always NUL-terminated */
	char		type;			/* see field type codes above */
	int32		value;			/* meaning depends on type */
} datetkn;

/* one of its uses is in tables of time zone abbreviations */
typedef struct TimeZoneAbbrevTable
{
	Size		tblsize;		/* size in bytes of TimeZoneAbbrevTable */
	int			numabbrevs;		/* number of entries in abbrevs[] array */
	datetkn		abbrevs[1];		/* VARIABLE LENGTH ARRAY */
	/* DynamicZoneAbbrev(s) may follow the abbrevs[] array */
} TimeZoneAbbrevTable;

/* auxiliary data for a dynamic time zone abbreviation (non-fixed-offset) */
typedef struct DynamicZoneAbbrev
{
	pg_tz	   *tz;				/* NULL if not yet looked up */
	char		zone[1];		/* zone name (var length, NUL-terminated) */
} DynamicZoneAbbrev;


/* FMODULO()
 * Macro to replace modf(), which is broken on some platforms.
 * t = input and remainder
 * q = integer part
 * u = divisor
 */
#define FMODULO(t,q,u) \
do { \
	(q) = (((t) < 0) ? ceil((t) / (u)) : floor((t) / (u))); \
	if ((q) != 0) (t) -= rint((q) * (u)); \
} while(0)

/* TMODULO()
 * Like FMODULO(), but work on the timestamp datatype (either int64 or float8).
 * We assume that int64 follows the C99 semantics for division (negative
 * quotients truncate towards zero).
 */
#ifdef HAVE_INT64_TIMESTAMP
#define TMODULO(t,q,u) \
do { \
	(q) = ((t) / (u)); \
	if ((q) != 0) (t) -= ((q) * (u)); \
} while(0)
#else
#define TMODULO(t,q,u) \
do { \
	(q) = (((t) < 0) ? ceil((t) / (u)) : floor((t) / (u))); \
	if ((q) != 0) (t) -= rint((q) * (u)); \
} while(0)
#endif

/*
 * Date/time validation
 * Include check for leap year.
 */

extern const int day_tab[2][13];

#define isleap(y) (((y) % 4) == 0 && (((y) % 100) != 0 || ((y) % 400) == 0))


/*
 * Datetime input parsing routines (ParseDateTime, DecodeDateTime, etc)
 * return zero or a positive value on success.  On failure, they return
 * one of these negative code values.  DateTimeParseError may be used to
 * produce a correct ereport.
 */
#define DTERR_BAD_FORMAT		(-1)
#define DTERR_FIELD_OVERFLOW	(-2)
#define DTERR_MD_FIELD_OVERFLOW (-3)	/* triggers hint about DateStyle */
#define DTERR_INTERVAL_OVERFLOW (-4)
#define DTERR_TZDISP_OVERFLOW	(-5)


extern void GetCurrentDateTime(struct pg_tm * tm);
extern void GetCurrentTimeUsec(struct pg_tm * tm, fsec_t *fsec, int *tzp);
extern void j2date(int jd, int *year, int *month, int *day);
extern int	date2j(int year, int month, int day);

extern int ParseDateTime(const char *timestr, char *workbuf, size_t buflen,
			  char **field, int *ftype,
			  int maxfields, int *numfields);
extern int DecodeDateTime(char **field, int *ftype,
			   int nf, int *dtype,
			   struct pg_tm * tm, fsec_t *fsec, int *tzp);
extern int DecodeTimeOnly(char **field, int *ftype,
			   int nf, int *dtype,
			   struct pg_tm * tm, fsec_t *fsec, int *tzp);
extern int DecodeInterval(char **field, int *ftype, int nf, int range,
			   int *dtype, struct pg_tm * tm, fsec_t *fsec);
extern int DecodeISO8601Interval(char *str,
					  int *dtype, struct pg_tm * tm, fsec_t *fsec);

extern void DateTimeParseError(int dterr, const char *str,
				   const char *datatype);

extern int	DetermineTimeZoneOffset(struct pg_tm * tm, pg_tz *tzp);
extern int	DetermineTimeZoneAbbrevOffset(struct pg_tm * tm, const char *abbr, pg_tz *tzp);
extern int DetermineTimeZoneAbbrevOffsetTS(TimestampTz ts, const char *abbr,
								pg_tz *tzp, int *isdst);

extern void EncodeDateOnly(struct pg_tm * tm, int style, char *str);
extern void EncodeTimeOnly(struct pg_tm * tm, fsec_t fsec, bool print_tz, int tz, int style, char *str);
extern void EncodeDateTime(struct pg_tm * tm, fsec_t fsec, bool print_tz, int tz, const char *tzn, int style, char *str);
extern void EncodeInterval(struct pg_tm * tm, fsec_t fsec, int style, char *str);

extern int DecodeTimezoneAbbrev(int field, char *lowtoken,
					 int *offset, pg_tz **tz);
extern int	DecodeSpecial(int field, char *lowtoken, int *val);
extern int	DecodeUnits(int field, char *lowtoken, int *val);

extern int	j2day(int jd);

extern Node *TemporalTransform(int32 max_precis, Node *node);

extern bool CheckDateTokenTables(void);

extern TimeZoneAbbrevTable *ConvertTimeZoneAbbrevs(struct tzEntry *abbrevs,
					   int n);
extern void InstallTimeZoneAbbrevs(TimeZoneAbbrevTable *tbl);

extern Datum pg_timezone_abbrevs(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS);
extern Datum pg_timezone_names(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS);

#endif   /* DATETIME_H */

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Michael on Media

Michael Rosenblum has been writing about the media since 1988. His work and ideas have appeared in The Guardian, The Huffington Post, Ilkeston Life and many other publications.

He has been blogging regularly for the past 35 years on this subject. Having taught media studies at Columbia University, NYU and now the University of Oxford, he is considered an expert on this subject.

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