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/*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 *
 * date.h
 *	  Definitions for the SQL92 "date" and "time" types.
 *
 *
 * Portions Copyright (c) 1996-2012, PostgreSQL Global Development Group
 * Portions Copyright (c) 1994, Regents of the University of California
 *
 * src/include/utils/date.h
 *
 *-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 */
#ifndef DATE_H
#define DATE_H

#include <math.h>

#include "fmgr.h"


typedef int32 DateADT;

#ifdef HAVE_INT64_TIMESTAMP
typedef int64 TimeADT;
#else
typedef float8 TimeADT;
#endif

typedef struct
{
	TimeADT		time;			/* all time units other than months and years */
	int32		zone;			/* numeric time zone, in seconds */
} TimeTzADT;

/*
 * Infinity and minus infinity must be the max and min values of DateADT.
 * We could use INT_MIN and INT_MAX here, but seems better to not assume that
 * int32 == int.
 */
#define DATEVAL_NOBEGIN		((DateADT) (-0x7fffffff - 1))
#define DATEVAL_NOEND		((DateADT) 0x7fffffff)

#define DATE_NOBEGIN(j)		((j) = DATEVAL_NOBEGIN)
#define DATE_IS_NOBEGIN(j)	((j) == DATEVAL_NOBEGIN)
#define DATE_NOEND(j)		((j) = DATEVAL_NOEND)
#define DATE_IS_NOEND(j)	((j) == DATEVAL_NOEND)
#define DATE_NOT_FINITE(j)	(DATE_IS_NOBEGIN(j) || DATE_IS_NOEND(j))

/*
 * Macros for fmgr-callable functions.
 *
 * For TimeADT, we make use of the same support routines as for float8 or int64.
 * Therefore TimeADT is pass-by-reference if and only if float8 or int64 is!
 */
#ifdef HAVE_INT64_TIMESTAMP

#define MAX_TIME_PRECISION 6

#define DatumGetDateADT(X)	  ((DateADT) DatumGetInt32(X))
#define DatumGetTimeADT(X)	  ((TimeADT) DatumGetInt64(X))
#define DatumGetTimeTzADTP(X) ((TimeTzADT *) DatumGetPointer(X))

#define DateADTGetDatum(X)	  Int32GetDatum(X)
#define TimeADTGetDatum(X)	  Int64GetDatum(X)
#define TimeTzADTPGetDatum(X) PointerGetDatum(X)
#else							/* !HAVE_INT64_TIMESTAMP */

#define MAX_TIME_PRECISION 10

/* round off to MAX_TIME_PRECISION decimal places */
#define TIME_PREC_INV 10000000000.0
#define TIMEROUND(j) (rint(((double) (j)) * TIME_PREC_INV) / TIME_PREC_INV)

#define DatumGetDateADT(X)	  ((DateADT) DatumGetInt32(X))
#define DatumGetTimeADT(X)	  ((TimeADT) DatumGetFloat8(X))
#define DatumGetTimeTzADTP(X) ((TimeTzADT *) DatumGetPointer(X))

#define DateADTGetDatum(X)	  Int32GetDatum(X)
#define TimeADTGetDatum(X)	  Float8GetDatum(X)
#define TimeTzADTPGetDatum(X) PointerGetDatum(X)
#endif   /* HAVE_INT64_TIMESTAMP */

#define PG_GETARG_DATEADT(n)	 DatumGetDateADT(PG_GETARG_DATUM(n))
#define PG_GETARG_TIMEADT(n)	 DatumGetTimeADT(PG_GETARG_DATUM(n))
#define PG_GETARG_TIMETZADT_P(n) DatumGetTimeTzADTP(PG_GETARG_DATUM(n))

#define PG_RETURN_DATEADT(x)	 return DateADTGetDatum(x)
#define PG_RETURN_TIMEADT(x)	 return TimeADTGetDatum(x)
#define PG_RETURN_TIMETZADT_P(x) return TimeTzADTPGetDatum(x)


/* date.c */
extern double date2timestamp_no_overflow(DateADT dateVal);

extern Datum date_in(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS);
extern Datum date_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS);
extern Datum date_recv(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS);
extern Datum date_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS);
extern Datum date_eq(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS);
extern Datum date_ne(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS);
extern Datum date_lt(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS);
extern Datum date_le(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS);
extern Datum date_gt(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS);
extern Datum date_ge(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS);
extern Datum date_cmp(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS);
extern Datum date_sortsupport(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS);
extern Datum date_finite(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS);
extern Datum date_larger(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS);
extern Datum date_smaller(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS);
extern Datum date_mi(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS);
extern Datum date_pli(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS);
extern Datum date_mii(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS);
extern Datum date_eq_timestamp(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS);
extern Datum date_ne_timestamp(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS);
extern Datum date_lt_timestamp(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS);
extern Datum date_le_timestamp(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS);
extern Datum date_gt_timestamp(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS);
extern Datum date_ge_timestamp(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS);
extern Datum date_cmp_timestamp(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS);
extern Datum date_eq_timestamptz(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS);
extern Datum date_ne_timestamptz(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS);
extern Datum date_lt_timestamptz(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS);
extern Datum date_le_timestamptz(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS);
extern Datum date_gt_timestamptz(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS);
extern Datum date_ge_timestamptz(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS);
extern Datum date_cmp_timestamptz(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS);
extern Datum timestamp_eq_date(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS);
extern Datum timestamp_ne_date(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS);
extern Datum timestamp_lt_date(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS);
extern Datum timestamp_le_date(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS);
extern Datum timestamp_gt_date(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS);
extern Datum timestamp_ge_date(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS);
extern Datum timestamp_cmp_date(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS);
extern Datum timestamptz_eq_date(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS);
extern Datum timestamptz_ne_date(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS);
extern Datum timestamptz_lt_date(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS);
extern Datum timestamptz_le_date(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS);
extern Datum timestamptz_gt_date(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS);
extern Datum timestamptz_ge_date(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS);
extern Datum timestamptz_cmp_date(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS);
extern Datum date_pl_interval(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS);
extern Datum date_mi_interval(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS);
extern Datum date_timestamp(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS);
extern Datum timestamp_date(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS);
extern Datum date_timestamptz(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS);
extern Datum timestamptz_date(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS);
extern Datum datetime_timestamp(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS);
extern Datum abstime_date(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS);

extern Datum time_in(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS);
extern Datum time_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS);
extern Datum time_recv(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS);
extern Datum time_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS);
extern Datum timetypmodin(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS);
extern Datum timetypmodout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS);
extern Datum time_transform(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS);
extern Datum time_scale(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS);
extern Datum time_eq(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS);
extern Datum time_ne(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS);
extern Datum time_lt(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS);
extern Datum time_le(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS);
extern Datum time_gt(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS);
extern Datum time_ge(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS);
extern Datum time_cmp(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS);
extern Datum time_hash(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS);
extern Datum overlaps_time(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS);
extern Datum time_larger(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS);
extern Datum time_smaller(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS);
extern Datum time_mi_time(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS);
extern Datum timestamp_time(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS);
extern Datum timestamptz_time(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS);
extern Datum time_interval(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS);
extern Datum interval_time(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS);
extern Datum time_pl_interval(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS);
extern Datum time_mi_interval(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS);
extern Datum time_part(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS);

extern Datum timetz_in(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS);
extern Datum timetz_out(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS);
extern Datum timetz_recv(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS);
extern Datum timetz_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS);
extern Datum timetztypmodin(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS);
extern Datum timetztypmodout(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS);
extern Datum timetz_scale(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS);
extern Datum timetz_eq(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS);
extern Datum timetz_ne(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS);
extern Datum timetz_lt(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS);
extern Datum timetz_le(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS);
extern Datum timetz_gt(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS);
extern Datum timetz_ge(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS);
extern Datum timetz_cmp(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS);
extern Datum timetz_hash(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS);
extern Datum overlaps_timetz(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS);
extern Datum timetz_larger(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS);
extern Datum timetz_smaller(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS);
extern Datum timetz_time(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS);
extern Datum time_timetz(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS);
extern Datum timestamptz_timetz(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS);
extern Datum datetimetz_timestamptz(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS);
extern Datum timetz_part(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS);
extern Datum timetz_zone(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS);
extern Datum timetz_izone(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS);
extern Datum timetz_pl_interval(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS);
extern Datum timetz_mi_interval(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS);

#endif   /* DATE_H */

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RE-INVENTING THE TELEVISION NEWS BUSINESS*

A revolution in video storytelling

Creating entirely new & cost-effective production methods

From the world leaders in video production training and the creators of Character Driven Storytelling™

*and every other business that uses video

WHAT WE DO

Over the past 35 years, we have designed, built or restructured some of the most powerful news and journalism companies in the world.

We replace the traditional TV news ‘crew’ with one highly trained journalist, working alone with nothing but an iPhone.

No more TV news ‘crews’, no editors and no field producers.

This is television news done the way newspaper journalism is done – one reporter with their electronic pad and pencil.

In doing this, we can cut the cost of production by as much as 75% while increasing ratings and audience engagement.

In the place of conventional TV news ‘packages’ – ie, reporter stand up, interview, b-roll, man on the street, we marry great journalism with Netflix and Hollywood storytelling.

It’s a combination that works.

We have taken most of our clients to #1 in their respective markets.

And it’s not just for news. Any company, any profit, any NGO and anyone else who is online needs to tell their story in compelling yet cost-effective video. We can teach you to do that. Either in person or virtually.

EXAMPLES OF WHAT WE CAN TEACH YOUR STAFF TO PRODUCE

ITAY HOD

Itay Hod, MMJ with KPIX/CBS in San Francisco, took the 5-Day Intensive Video Storytelling Bootcamp in 2018.

Because he works alone, with only an iPhone, he was able to embed himself with a homeless family.

Here’s the story he produced in a one-day turn.

KIET DO

Kiet Do, an MMJ with KPIX/CBS in San Francisco, took the 5-Day Intensive Video Storytelling Bootcamp in 2021.

Here is a story he produced, all on his own, with only an iPhone and in a one-day turn.

TAYLOR SCHAUB

Taylor Schaub, an MMJ with Spectrum News 1 in LA, took the 5-Day Intensive Video Storytelling Bootcamp in 2023.

Here is a story he turned in only one day, using only an iPhone. It was the first video story he ever did and it was nominated for an Emmy.

THE BOOTCAMP

How do we convert stations and whole networks to working in this way?

Since 1988, we have run intensive 5-Day Video Storytelling Bootcamps

We have done these all over the world.

These are hands-on bootcamps, and participants learn an entirely new way of creating TV news stories.

-We shoot at a 3:1 ratio or lower, so turnaround times are fast.

-We go directly from camera to timelilne and edit – no written scripts.  We work in the medium of pictures and sound.

-We are entirely character-driven.

-We are driven by pictures and real events.

-We are focused almost entirely on ’the viewer experience’.

Since 1988, more than 70,000 journalists around the world have taken our bootcamps, either in person on virtualy.

Case Studies

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CBS News

We have started to work with CBS News, bringing our ideas of character-driven storytelling to one of the most successful and biggest networks in the United States. Since beginning to work with them ratings have climbed and more importantly, audience engagement is through the ceiling.

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New York Times Television

We started New York Times Television in 1990 and it was the first paper to be brought into the world of TV. It quickly became one of the most successful non-fiction production companies in the United States. The series and documentaries we produced won many awards including multiple Emmys.

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The BBC

We have been working with the BBC since the year 2000 helping to convert their national news network to our visual storytelling technique. Most recently we have trained teams from their sports, documentaries, and comedy divisions to make character-driven stories using only smartphones.

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Spectrum News

For the past five years we have worked with Spectrum News to introduce and train their journalists on visual, character driven storytelling using smartphones helping to create a different kind of local news for their network of 24-Hour News Stations across the United States.

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The United Nations

In 2006, we were approached by the United Nations. Rather than rely on news outlets, it would be much easier to train the field operatives to produce their own stories. We spent two years working with the UN, training more than 100 of their staff in bootcamps in Geneva and Nairobi.

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The Newark Star-Ledger

We trained 50 print reporters at the paper to shoot and tell their own stories, in conjunction with their print work. We built a TV newsroom in their existing print newsroom – you could not ask for a better set and they began to live stream their stories in conjunction with their print work.

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Mcgraw Hill

We spent two years with McGraw Hill, training more than 150 of their staffers, making them completely video literate. McGraw/Hill media properties we transit included Business Week, Aviation Week, (what was the name of the architecture magazine), and JD Power and Associates.

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Voice of America

In 1990, we were approached by The Voice of America, the official broadcasting agency for the United States Government. When we met with VOA, they were only a short wave radio broadcaster, but working with them, we took them into television, launching VOA-TV.

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Oyster Yachts

British based Oyster Yachts makes some of the finest yachts in the world. Like every other company, they had to find a way to feed the never-ending video demands of social media – sites like Instagram and TikTok. We trained the Oyster staff to tell their own stories, using only iPhones.

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Scottish Environmental Protection Agency

We were approached by SEPA, the Scottish Environmental Protection Agency because they had to continually find a way to ‘feed the media beast’. The result was that SEPA was able to tell their own stories, whenever they wanted, and at almost no additional cost.

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Michael on Media

Michael Rosenblum has been writing about the media since 1988. His work and ideas have appeared in The Guardian, The Huffington Post, Ilkeston Life and many other publications.

He has been blogging regularly for the past 35 years on this subject. Having taught media studies at Columbia University, NYU and now the University of Oxford, he is considered an expert on this subject.

Continue reading this post or look back at previous posts.

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