/*------------------------------------------------------------------------- * * pqexpbuffer.h * Declarations/definitions for "PQExpBuffer" functions. * * PQExpBuffer provides an indefinitely-extensible string data type. * It can be used to buffer either ordinary C strings (null-terminated text) * or arbitrary binary data. All storage is allocated with malloc(). * * This module is essentially the same as the backend's StringInfo data type, * but it is intended for use in frontend libpq and client applications. * Thus, it does not rely on palloc() nor elog(). * * It does rely on vsnprintf(); if configure finds that libc doesn't provide * a usable vsnprintf(), then a copy of our own implementation of it will * be linked into libpq. * * Portions Copyright (c) 1996-2012, PostgreSQL Global Development Group * Portions Copyright (c) 1994, Regents of the University of California * * src/interfaces/libpq/pqexpbuffer.h * *------------------------------------------------------------------------- */ #ifndef PQEXPBUFFER_H #define PQEXPBUFFER_H /*------------------------- * PQExpBufferData holds information about an extensible string. * data is the current buffer for the string (allocated with malloc). * len is the current string length. There is guaranteed to be * a terminating '\0' at data[len], although this is not very * useful when the string holds binary data rather than text. * maxlen is the allocated size in bytes of 'data', i.e. the maximum * string size (including the terminating '\0' char) that we can * currently store in 'data' without having to reallocate * more space. We must always have maxlen > len. * * An exception occurs if we failed to allocate enough memory for the string * buffer. In that case data points to a statically allocated empty string, * and len = maxlen = 0. *------------------------- */ typedef struct PQExpBufferData { char *data; size_t len; size_t maxlen; } PQExpBufferData; typedef PQExpBufferData *PQExpBuffer; /*------------------------ * Test for a broken (out of memory) PQExpBuffer. * When a buffer is "broken", all operations except resetting or deleting it * are no-ops. *------------------------ */ #define PQExpBufferBroken(str) \ ((str) == NULL || (str)->maxlen == 0) /*------------------------ * Same, but for use when using a static or local PQExpBufferData struct. * For that, a null-pointer test is useless and may draw compiler warnings. *------------------------ */ #define PQExpBufferDataBroken(buf) \ ((buf).maxlen == 0) /*------------------------ * Initial size of the data buffer in a PQExpBuffer. * NB: this must be large enough to hold error messages that might * be returned by PQrequestCancel(). *------------------------ */ #define INITIAL_EXPBUFFER_SIZE 256 /*------------------------ * There are two ways to create a PQExpBuffer object initially: * * PQExpBuffer stringptr = createPQExpBuffer(); * Both the PQExpBufferData and the data buffer are malloc'd. * * PQExpBufferData string; * initPQExpBuffer(&string); * The data buffer is malloc'd but the PQExpBufferData is presupplied. * This is appropriate if the PQExpBufferData is a field of another * struct. *------------------------- */ /*------------------------ * createPQExpBuffer * Create an empty 'PQExpBufferData' & return a pointer to it. */ extern PQExpBuffer createPQExpBuffer(void); /*------------------------ * initPQExpBuffer * Initialize a PQExpBufferData struct (with previously undefined contents) * to describe an empty string. */ extern void initPQExpBuffer(PQExpBuffer str); /*------------------------ * To destroy a PQExpBuffer, use either: * * destroyPQExpBuffer(str); * free()s both the data buffer and the PQExpBufferData. * This is the inverse of createPQExpBuffer(). * * termPQExpBuffer(str) * free()s the data buffer but not the PQExpBufferData itself. * This is the inverse of initPQExpBuffer(). * * NOTE: some routines build up a string using PQExpBuffer, and then * release the PQExpBufferData but return the data string itself to their * caller. At that point the data string looks like a plain malloc'd * string. */ extern void destroyPQExpBuffer(PQExpBuffer str); extern void termPQExpBuffer(PQExpBuffer str); /*------------------------ * resetPQExpBuffer * Reset a PQExpBuffer to empty * * Note: if possible, a "broken" PQExpBuffer is returned to normal. */ extern void resetPQExpBuffer(PQExpBuffer str); /*------------------------ * enlargePQExpBuffer * Make sure there is enough space for 'needed' more bytes in the buffer * ('needed' does not include the terminating null). * * Returns 1 if OK, 0 if failed to enlarge buffer. (In the latter case * the buffer is left in "broken" state.) */ extern int enlargePQExpBuffer(PQExpBuffer str, size_t needed); /*------------------------ * printfPQExpBuffer * Format text data under the control of fmt (an sprintf-like format string) * and insert it into str. More space is allocated to str if necessary. * This is a convenience routine that does the same thing as * resetPQExpBuffer() followed by appendPQExpBuffer(). */ extern void printfPQExpBuffer(PQExpBuffer str, const char *fmt,...) /* This extension allows gcc to check the format string */ __attribute__((format(PG_PRINTF_ATTRIBUTE, 2, 3))); /*------------------------ * appendPQExpBuffer * Format text data under the control of fmt (an sprintf-like format string) * and append it to whatever is already in str. More space is allocated * to str if necessary. This is sort of like a combination of sprintf and * strcat. */ extern void appendPQExpBuffer(PQExpBuffer str, const char *fmt,...) /* This extension allows gcc to check the format string */ __attribute__((format(PG_PRINTF_ATTRIBUTE, 2, 3))); /*------------------------ * appendPQExpBufferStr * Append the given string to a PQExpBuffer, allocating more space * if necessary. */ extern void appendPQExpBufferStr(PQExpBuffer str, const char *data); /*------------------------ * appendPQExpBufferChar * Append a single byte to str. * Like appendPQExpBuffer(str, "%c", ch) but much faster. */ extern void appendPQExpBufferChar(PQExpBuffer str, char ch); /*------------------------ * appendBinaryPQExpBuffer * Append arbitrary binary data to a PQExpBuffer, allocating more space * if necessary. */ extern void appendBinaryPQExpBuffer(PQExpBuffer str, const char *data, size_t datalen); #endif /* PQEXPBUFFER_H */

RE-INVENTING THE TELEVISION NEWS BUSINESS*

A revolution in video storytelling

Creating entirely new & cost-effective production methods

From the world leaders in video production training and the creators of Character Driven Storytelling™

*and every other business that uses video

WHAT WE DO

Over the past 35 years, we have designed, built or restructured some of the most powerful news and journalism companies in the world.

We replace the traditional TV news ‘crew’ with one highly trained journalist, working alone with nothing but an iPhone.

No more TV news ‘crews’, no editors and no field producers.

This is television news done the way newspaper journalism is done – one reporter with their electronic pad and pencil.

In doing this, we can cut the cost of production by as much as 75% while increasing ratings and audience engagement.

In the place of conventional TV news ‘packages’ – ie, reporter stand up, interview, b-roll, man on the street, we marry great journalism with Netflix and Hollywood storytelling.

It’s a combination that works.

We have taken most of our clients to #1 in their respective markets.

And it’s not just for news. Any company, any profit, any NGO and anyone else who is online needs to tell their story in compelling yet cost-effective video. We can teach you to do that. Either in person or virtually.

EXAMPLES OF WHAT WE CAN TEACH YOUR STAFF TO PRODUCE

ITAY HOD

Itay Hod, MMJ with KPIX/CBS in San Francisco, took the 5-Day Intensive Video Storytelling Bootcamp in 2018.

Because he works alone, with only an iPhone, he was able to embed himself with a homeless family.

Here’s the story he produced in a one-day turn.

KIET DO

Kiet Do, an MMJ with KPIX/CBS in San Francisco, took the 5-Day Intensive Video Storytelling Bootcamp in 2021.

Here is a story he produced, all on his own, with only an iPhone and in a one-day turn.

TAYLOR SCHAUB

Taylor Schaub, an MMJ with Spectrum News 1 in LA, took the 5-Day Intensive Video Storytelling Bootcamp in 2023.

Here is a story he turned in only one day, using only an iPhone. It was the first video story he ever did and it was nominated for an Emmy.

THE BOOTCAMP

How do we convert stations and whole networks to working in this way?

Since 1988, we have run intensive 5-Day Video Storytelling Bootcamps

We have done these all over the world.

These are hands-on bootcamps, and participants learn an entirely new way of creating TV news stories.

-We shoot at a 3:1 ratio or lower, so turnaround times are fast.

-We go directly from camera to timelilne and edit – no written scripts. We work in the medium of pictures and sound.

-We are entirely character-driven.

-We are driven by pictures and real events.

-We are focused almost entirely on ’the viewer experience’.

Since 1988, more than 70,000 journalists around the world have taken our bootcamps, either in person on virtualy.

Case Studies

CBS News

We have started to work with CBS News, bringing our ideas of character-driven storytelling to one of the most successful and biggest networks in the United States. Since beginning to work with them ratings have climbed and more importantly, audience engagement is through the ceiling.

Learn More

New York Times Television

We started New York Times Television in 1990 and it was the first paper to be brought into the world of TV. It quickly became one of the most successful non-fiction production companies in the United States. The series and documentaries we produced won many awards including multiple Emmys.

Learn More

The BBC

We have been working with the BBC since the year 2000 helping to convert their national news network to our visual storytelling technique. Most recently we have trained teams from their sports, documentaries, and comedy divisions to make character-driven stories using only smartphones.

Learn More

Spectrum News

For the past five years we have worked with Spectrum News to introduce and train their journalists on visual, character driven storytelling using smartphones helping to create a different kind of local news for their network of 24-Hour News Stations across the United States.

Learn More

The United Nations

In 2006, we were approached by the United Nations. Rather than rely on news outlets, it would be much easier to train the field operatives to produce their own stories. We spent two years working with the UN, training more than 100 of their staff in bootcamps in Geneva and Nairobi.

Learn More

The Newark Star-Ledger

We trained 50 print reporters at the paper to shoot and tell their own stories, in conjunction with their print work. We built a TV newsroom in their existing print newsroom – you could not ask for a better set and they began to live stream their stories in conjunction with their print work.

Learn More

Mcgraw Hill

We spent two years with McGraw Hill, training more than 150 of their staffers, making them completely video literate. McGraw/Hill media properties we transit included Business Week, Aviation Week, (what was the name of the architecture magazine), and JD Power and Associates.

Learn More

Voice of America

In 1990, we were approached by The Voice of America, the official broadcasting agency for the United States Government. When we met with VOA, they were only a short wave radio broadcaster, but working with them, we took them into television, launching VOA-TV.

Learn More

Oyster Yachts

British based Oyster Yachts makes some of the finest yachts in the world. Like every other company, they had to find a way to feed the never-ending video demands of social media – sites like Instagram and TikTok. We trained the Oyster staff to tell their own stories, using only iPhones.

Learn More

Scottish Environmental Protection Agency

We were approached by SEPA, the Scottish Environmental Protection Agency because they had to continually find a way to ‘feed the media beast’. The result was that SEPA was able to tell their own stories, whenever they wanted, and at almost no additional cost.

Learn More

Michael on Media

Michael Rosenblum has been writing about the media since 1988. His work and ideas have appeared in The Guardian, The Huffington Post, Ilkeston Life and many other publications.

He has been blogging regularly for the past 35 years on this subject. Having taught media studies at Columbia University, NYU and now the University of Oxford, he is considered an expert on this subject.

Continue reading this post or look back at previous posts.

Do You Have Questions About Learning Video Skills?

If you would like to know more about our courses contact us and one of our training advisors will be happy to call you.

Your IP : 216.73.216.103

RE-INVENTING THE TELEVISION NEWS BUSINESS*

A revolution in video storytelling

Creating entirely new & cost-effective production methods

From the world leaders in video production training and the creators of Character Driven Storytelling™

*and every other business that uses video

WHAT WE DO

Over the past 35 years, we have designed, built or restructured some of the most powerful news and journalism companies in the world.

We replace the traditional TV news ‘crew’ with one highly trained journalist, working alone with nothing but an iPhone.

No more TV news ‘crews’, no editors and no field producers.

This is television news done the way newspaper journalism is done – one reporter with their electronic pad and pencil.

In doing this, we can cut the cost of production by as much as 75% while increasing ratings and audience engagement.

In the place of conventional TV news ‘packages’ – ie, reporter stand up, interview, b-roll, man on the street, we marry great journalism with Netflix and Hollywood storytelling.

It’s a combination that works.

We have taken most of our clients to #1 in their respective markets.

And it’s not just for news. Any company, any profit, any NGO and anyone else who is online needs to tell their story in compelling yet cost-effective video. We can teach you to do that. Either in person or virtually.

EXAMPLES OF WHAT WE CAN TEACH YOUR STAFF TO PRODUCE

ITAY HOD

Itay Hod, MMJ with KPIX/CBS in San Francisco, took the 5-Day Intensive Video Storytelling Bootcamp in 2018.

Because he works alone, with only an iPhone, he was able to embed himself with a homeless family.

Here’s the story he produced in a one-day turn.

KIET DO

Kiet Do, an MMJ with KPIX/CBS in San Francisco, took the 5-Day Intensive Video Storytelling Bootcamp in 2021.

Here is a story he produced, all on his own, with only an iPhone and in a one-day turn.

TAYLOR SCHAUB

Taylor Schaub, an MMJ with Spectrum News 1 in LA, took the 5-Day Intensive Video Storytelling Bootcamp in 2023.

Here is a story he turned in only one day, using only an iPhone. It was the first video story he ever did and it was nominated for an Emmy.

THE BOOTCAMP

How do we convert stations and whole networks to working in this way?

Since 1988, we have run intensive 5-Day Video Storytelling Bootcamps

We have done these all over the world.

These are hands-on bootcamps, and participants learn an entirely new way of creating TV news stories.

-We shoot at a 3:1 ratio or lower, so turnaround times are fast.

-We go directly from camera to timelilne and edit – no written scripts. We work in the medium of pictures and sound.

-We are entirely character-driven.

-We are driven by pictures and real events.

-We are focused almost entirely on ’the viewer experience’.

Since 1988, more than 70,000 journalists around the world have taken our bootcamps, either in person on virtualy.

Case Studies

CBS News

New York Times Television

The BBC

Spectrum News

The United Nations

The Newark Star-Ledger

Mcgraw Hill

Voice of America

Oyster Yachts

Scottish Environmental Protection Agency

Michael on Media