/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note */ /* * User level driver support for input subsystem * * Heavily based on evdev.c by Vojtech Pavlik * * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or * (at your option) any later version. * * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the * GNU General Public License for more details. * * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software * Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA * * Author: Aristeu Sergio Rozanski Filho <aris@cathedrallabs.org> * * Changes/Revisions: * 0.5 08/13/2015 (David Herrmann <dh.herrmann@gmail.com> & * Benjamin Tissoires <benjamin.tissoires@redhat.com>) * - add UI_DEV_SETUP ioctl * - add UI_ABS_SETUP ioctl * - add UI_GET_VERSION ioctl * 0.4 01/09/2014 (Benjamin Tissoires <benjamin.tissoires@redhat.com>) * - add UI_GET_SYSNAME ioctl * 0.3 24/05/2006 (Anssi Hannula <anssi.hannulagmail.com>) * - update ff support for the changes in kernel interface * - add UINPUT_VERSION * 0.2 16/10/2004 (Micah Dowty <micah@navi.cx>) * - added force feedback support * - added UI_SET_PHYS * 0.1 20/06/2002 * - first public version */ #ifndef __UINPUT_H_ #define __UINPUT_H_ #include <linux/types.h> #include <linux/input.h> #define UINPUT_VERSION 5 #define UINPUT_MAX_NAME_SIZE 80 struct uinput_ff_upload { __u32 request_id; __s32 retval; struct ff_effect effect; struct ff_effect old; }; struct uinput_ff_erase { __u32 request_id; __s32 retval; __u32 effect_id; }; /* ioctl */ #define UINPUT_IOCTL_BASE 'U' #define UI_DEV_CREATE _IO(UINPUT_IOCTL_BASE, 1) #define UI_DEV_DESTROY _IO(UINPUT_IOCTL_BASE, 2) struct uinput_setup { struct input_id id; char name[UINPUT_MAX_NAME_SIZE]; __u32 ff_effects_max; }; /** * UI_DEV_SETUP - Set device parameters for setup * * This ioctl sets parameters for the input device to be created. It * supersedes the old "struct uinput_user_dev" method, which wrote this data * via write(). To actually set the absolute axes UI_ABS_SETUP should be * used. * * The ioctl takes a "struct uinput_setup" object as argument. The fields of * this object are as follows: * id: See the description of "struct input_id". This field is * copied unchanged into the new device. * name: This is used unchanged as name for the new device. * ff_effects_max: This limits the maximum numbers of force-feedback effects. * See below for a description of FF with uinput. * * This ioctl can be called multiple times and will overwrite previous values. * If this ioctl fails with -EINVAL, it is recommended to use the old * "uinput_user_dev" method via write() as a fallback, in case you run on an * old kernel that does not support this ioctl. * * This ioctl may fail with -EINVAL if it is not supported or if you passed * incorrect values, -ENOMEM if the kernel runs out of memory or -EFAULT if the * passed uinput_setup object cannot be read/written. * If this call fails, partial data may have already been applied to the * internal device. */ #define UI_DEV_SETUP _IOW(UINPUT_IOCTL_BASE, 3, struct uinput_setup) struct uinput_abs_setup { __u16 code; /* axis code */ /* __u16 filler; */ struct input_absinfo absinfo; }; /** * UI_ABS_SETUP - Set absolute axis information for the device to setup * * This ioctl sets one absolute axis information for the input device to be * created. It supersedes the old "struct uinput_user_dev" method, which wrote * part of this data and the content of UI_DEV_SETUP via write(). * * The ioctl takes a "struct uinput_abs_setup" object as argument. The fields * of this object are as follows: * code: The corresponding input code associated with this axis * (ABS_X, ABS_Y, etc...) * absinfo: See "struct input_absinfo" for a description of this field. * This field is copied unchanged into the kernel for the * specified axis. If the axis is not enabled via * UI_SET_ABSBIT, this ioctl will enable it. * * This ioctl can be called multiple times and will overwrite previous values. * If this ioctl fails with -EINVAL, it is recommended to use the old * "uinput_user_dev" method via write() as a fallback, in case you run on an * old kernel that does not support this ioctl. * * This ioctl may fail with -EINVAL if it is not supported or if you passed * incorrect values, -ENOMEM if the kernel runs out of memory or -EFAULT if the * passed uinput_setup object cannot be read/written. * If this call fails, partial data may have already been applied to the * internal device. */ #define UI_ABS_SETUP _IOW(UINPUT_IOCTL_BASE, 4, struct uinput_abs_setup) #define UI_SET_EVBIT _IOW(UINPUT_IOCTL_BASE, 100, int) #define UI_SET_KEYBIT _IOW(UINPUT_IOCTL_BASE, 101, int) #define UI_SET_RELBIT _IOW(UINPUT_IOCTL_BASE, 102, int) #define UI_SET_ABSBIT _IOW(UINPUT_IOCTL_BASE, 103, int) #define UI_SET_MSCBIT _IOW(UINPUT_IOCTL_BASE, 104, int) #define UI_SET_LEDBIT _IOW(UINPUT_IOCTL_BASE, 105, int) #define UI_SET_SNDBIT _IOW(UINPUT_IOCTL_BASE, 106, int) #define UI_SET_FFBIT _IOW(UINPUT_IOCTL_BASE, 107, int) #define UI_SET_PHYS _IOW(UINPUT_IOCTL_BASE, 108, char*) #define UI_SET_SWBIT _IOW(UINPUT_IOCTL_BASE, 109, int) #define UI_SET_PROPBIT _IOW(UINPUT_IOCTL_BASE, 110, int) #define UI_BEGIN_FF_UPLOAD _IOWR(UINPUT_IOCTL_BASE, 200, struct uinput_ff_upload) #define UI_END_FF_UPLOAD _IOW(UINPUT_IOCTL_BASE, 201, struct uinput_ff_upload) #define UI_BEGIN_FF_ERASE _IOWR(UINPUT_IOCTL_BASE, 202, struct uinput_ff_erase) #define UI_END_FF_ERASE _IOW(UINPUT_IOCTL_BASE, 203, struct uinput_ff_erase) /** * UI_GET_SYSNAME - get the sysfs name of the created uinput device * * @return the sysfs name of the created virtual input device. * The complete sysfs path is then /sys/devices/virtual/input/--NAME-- * Usually, it is in the form "inputN" */ #define UI_GET_SYSNAME(len) _IOC(_IOC_READ, UINPUT_IOCTL_BASE, 44, len) /** * UI_GET_VERSION - Return version of uinput protocol * * This writes uinput protocol version implemented by the kernel into * the integer pointed to by the ioctl argument. The protocol version * is hard-coded in the kernel and is independent of the uinput device. */ #define UI_GET_VERSION _IOR(UINPUT_IOCTL_BASE, 45, unsigned int) /* * To write a force-feedback-capable driver, the upload_effect * and erase_effect callbacks in input_dev must be implemented. * The uinput driver will generate a fake input event when one of * these callbacks are invoked. The userspace code then uses * ioctls to retrieve additional parameters and send the return code. * The callback blocks until this return code is sent. * * The described callback mechanism is only used if ff_effects_max * is set. * * To implement upload_effect(): * 1. Wait for an event with type == EV_UINPUT and code == UI_FF_UPLOAD. * A request ID will be given in 'value'. * 2. Allocate a uinput_ff_upload struct, fill in request_id with * the 'value' from the EV_UINPUT event. * 3. Issue a UI_BEGIN_FF_UPLOAD ioctl, giving it the * uinput_ff_upload struct. It will be filled in with the * ff_effects passed to upload_effect(). * 4. Perform the effect upload, and place a return code back into the uinput_ff_upload struct. * 5. Issue a UI_END_FF_UPLOAD ioctl, also giving it the * uinput_ff_upload_effect struct. This will complete execution * of our upload_effect() handler. * * To implement erase_effect(): * 1. Wait for an event with type == EV_UINPUT and code == UI_FF_ERASE. * A request ID will be given in 'value'. * 2. Allocate a uinput_ff_erase struct, fill in request_id with * the 'value' from the EV_UINPUT event. * 3. Issue a UI_BEGIN_FF_ERASE ioctl, giving it the * uinput_ff_erase struct. It will be filled in with the * effect ID passed to erase_effect(). * 4. Perform the effect erasure, and place a return code back * into the uinput_ff_erase struct. * 5. Issue a UI_END_FF_ERASE ioctl, also giving it the * uinput_ff_erase_effect struct. This will complete execution * of our erase_effect() handler. */ /* * This is the new event type, used only by uinput. * 'code' is UI_FF_UPLOAD or UI_FF_ERASE, and 'value' * is the unique request ID. This number was picked * arbitrarily, above EV_MAX (since the input system * never sees it) but in the range of a 16-bit int. */ #define EV_UINPUT 0x0101 #define UI_FF_UPLOAD 1 #define UI_FF_ERASE 2 struct uinput_user_dev { char name[UINPUT_MAX_NAME_SIZE]; struct input_id id; __u32 ff_effects_max; __s32 absmax[ABS_CNT]; __s32 absmin[ABS_CNT]; __s32 absfuzz[ABS_CNT]; __s32 absflat[ABS_CNT]; }; #endif /* __UINPUT_H_ */

RE-INVENTING THE TELEVISION NEWS BUSINESS*

A revolution in video storytelling

Creating entirely new & cost-effective production methods

From the world leaders in video production training and the creators of Character Driven Storytelling™

*and every other business that uses video

WHAT WE DO

Over the past 35 years, we have designed, built or restructured some of the most powerful news and journalism companies in the world.

We replace the traditional TV news ‘crew’ with one highly trained journalist, working alone with nothing but an iPhone.

No more TV news ‘crews’, no editors and no field producers.

This is television news done the way newspaper journalism is done – one reporter with their electronic pad and pencil.

In doing this, we can cut the cost of production by as much as 75% while increasing ratings and audience engagement.

In the place of conventional TV news ‘packages’ – ie, reporter stand up, interview, b-roll, man on the street, we marry great journalism with Netflix and Hollywood storytelling.

It’s a combination that works.

We have taken most of our clients to #1 in their respective markets.

And it’s not just for news. Any company, any profit, any NGO and anyone else who is online needs to tell their story in compelling yet cost-effective video. We can teach you to do that. Either in person or virtually.

EXAMPLES OF WHAT WE CAN TEACH YOUR STAFF TO PRODUCE

ITAY HOD

Itay Hod, MMJ with KPIX/CBS in San Francisco, took the 5-Day Intensive Video Storytelling Bootcamp in 2018.

Because he works alone, with only an iPhone, he was able to embed himself with a homeless family.

Here’s the story he produced in a one-day turn.

KIET DO

Kiet Do, an MMJ with KPIX/CBS in San Francisco, took the 5-Day Intensive Video Storytelling Bootcamp in 2021.

Here is a story he produced, all on his own, with only an iPhone and in a one-day turn.

TAYLOR SCHAUB

Taylor Schaub, an MMJ with Spectrum News 1 in LA, took the 5-Day Intensive Video Storytelling Bootcamp in 2023.

Here is a story he turned in only one day, using only an iPhone. It was the first video story he ever did and it was nominated for an Emmy.

THE BOOTCAMP

How do we convert stations and whole networks to working in this way?

Since 1988, we have run intensive 5-Day Video Storytelling Bootcamps

We have done these all over the world.

These are hands-on bootcamps, and participants learn an entirely new way of creating TV news stories.

-We shoot at a 3:1 ratio or lower, so turnaround times are fast.

-We go directly from camera to timelilne and edit – no written scripts. We work in the medium of pictures and sound.

-We are entirely character-driven.

-We are driven by pictures and real events.

-We are focused almost entirely on ’the viewer experience’.

Since 1988, more than 70,000 journalists around the world have taken our bootcamps, either in person on virtualy.

Case Studies

CBS News

We have started to work with CBS News, bringing our ideas of character-driven storytelling to one of the most successful and biggest networks in the United States. Since beginning to work with them ratings have climbed and more importantly, audience engagement is through the ceiling.

Learn More

New York Times Television

We started New York Times Television in 1990 and it was the first paper to be brought into the world of TV. It quickly became one of the most successful non-fiction production companies in the United States. The series and documentaries we produced won many awards including multiple Emmys.

Learn More

The BBC

We have been working with the BBC since the year 2000 helping to convert their national news network to our visual storytelling technique. Most recently we have trained teams from their sports, documentaries, and comedy divisions to make character-driven stories using only smartphones.

Learn More

Spectrum News

For the past five years we have worked with Spectrum News to introduce and train their journalists on visual, character driven storytelling using smartphones helping to create a different kind of local news for their network of 24-Hour News Stations across the United States.

Learn More

The United Nations

In 2006, we were approached by the United Nations. Rather than rely on news outlets, it would be much easier to train the field operatives to produce their own stories. We spent two years working with the UN, training more than 100 of their staff in bootcamps in Geneva and Nairobi.

Learn More

The Newark Star-Ledger

We trained 50 print reporters at the paper to shoot and tell their own stories, in conjunction with their print work. We built a TV newsroom in their existing print newsroom – you could not ask for a better set and they began to live stream their stories in conjunction with their print work.

Learn More

Mcgraw Hill

We spent two years with McGraw Hill, training more than 150 of their staffers, making them completely video literate. McGraw/Hill media properties we transit included Business Week, Aviation Week, (what was the name of the architecture magazine), and JD Power and Associates.

Learn More

Voice of America

In 1990, we were approached by The Voice of America, the official broadcasting agency for the United States Government. When we met with VOA, they were only a short wave radio broadcaster, but working with them, we took them into television, launching VOA-TV.

Learn More

Oyster Yachts

British based Oyster Yachts makes some of the finest yachts in the world. Like every other company, they had to find a way to feed the never-ending video demands of social media – sites like Instagram and TikTok. We trained the Oyster staff to tell their own stories, using only iPhones.

Learn More

Scottish Environmental Protection Agency

We were approached by SEPA, the Scottish Environmental Protection Agency because they had to continually find a way to ‘feed the media beast’. The result was that SEPA was able to tell their own stories, whenever they wanted, and at almost no additional cost.

Learn More

Michael on Media

Michael Rosenblum has been writing about the media since 1988. His work and ideas have appeared in The Guardian, The Huffington Post, Ilkeston Life and many other publications.

He has been blogging regularly for the past 35 years on this subject. Having taught media studies at Columbia University, NYU and now the University of Oxford, he is considered an expert on this subject.

Continue reading this post or look back at previous posts.

Do You Have Questions About Learning Video Skills?

If you would like to know more about our courses contact us and one of our training advisors will be happy to call you.

Your IP : 216.73.216.30

RE-INVENTING THE TELEVISION NEWS BUSINESS*

A revolution in video storytelling

Creating entirely new & cost-effective production methods

From the world leaders in video production training and the creators of Character Driven Storytelling™

*and every other business that uses video

WHAT WE DO

Over the past 35 years, we have designed, built or restructured some of the most powerful news and journalism companies in the world.

We replace the traditional TV news ‘crew’ with one highly trained journalist, working alone with nothing but an iPhone.

No more TV news ‘crews’, no editors and no field producers.

This is television news done the way newspaper journalism is done – one reporter with their electronic pad and pencil.

In doing this, we can cut the cost of production by as much as 75% while increasing ratings and audience engagement.

In the place of conventional TV news ‘packages’ – ie, reporter stand up, interview, b-roll, man on the street, we marry great journalism with Netflix and Hollywood storytelling.

It’s a combination that works.

We have taken most of our clients to #1 in their respective markets.

And it’s not just for news. Any company, any profit, any NGO and anyone else who is online needs to tell their story in compelling yet cost-effective video. We can teach you to do that. Either in person or virtually.

EXAMPLES OF WHAT WE CAN TEACH YOUR STAFF TO PRODUCE

ITAY HOD

Itay Hod, MMJ with KPIX/CBS in San Francisco, took the 5-Day Intensive Video Storytelling Bootcamp in 2018.

Because he works alone, with only an iPhone, he was able to embed himself with a homeless family.

Here’s the story he produced in a one-day turn.

KIET DO

Kiet Do, an MMJ with KPIX/CBS in San Francisco, took the 5-Day Intensive Video Storytelling Bootcamp in 2021.

Here is a story he produced, all on his own, with only an iPhone and in a one-day turn.

TAYLOR SCHAUB

Taylor Schaub, an MMJ with Spectrum News 1 in LA, took the 5-Day Intensive Video Storytelling Bootcamp in 2023.

Here is a story he turned in only one day, using only an iPhone. It was the first video story he ever did and it was nominated for an Emmy.

THE BOOTCAMP

How do we convert stations and whole networks to working in this way?

Since 1988, we have run intensive 5-Day Video Storytelling Bootcamps

We have done these all over the world.

These are hands-on bootcamps, and participants learn an entirely new way of creating TV news stories.

-We shoot at a 3:1 ratio or lower, so turnaround times are fast.

-We go directly from camera to timelilne and edit – no written scripts. We work in the medium of pictures and sound.

-We are entirely character-driven.

-We are driven by pictures and real events.

-We are focused almost entirely on ’the viewer experience’.

Since 1988, more than 70,000 journalists around the world have taken our bootcamps, either in person on virtualy.

Case Studies

CBS News

New York Times Television

The BBC

Spectrum News

The United Nations

The Newark Star-Ledger

Mcgraw Hill

Voice of America

Oyster Yachts

Scottish Environmental Protection Agency

Michael on Media