/* SPDX-License-Identifier: ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) */ /* * include/uapi/linux/tipc.h: Header for TIPC socket interface * * Copyright (c) 2003-2006, 2015-2016 Ericsson AB * Copyright (c) 2005, 2010-2011, Wind River Systems * All rights reserved. * * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met: * * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the * documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. * 3. Neither the names of the copyright holders nor the names of its * contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from * this software without specific prior written permission. * * Alternatively, this software may be distributed under the terms of the * GNU General Public License ("GPL") version 2 as published by the Free * Software Foundation. * * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" * AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE * LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR * CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF * SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS * INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN * CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) * ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE * POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. */ #ifndef _LINUX_TIPC_H_ #define _LINUX_TIPC_H_ #include <linux/types.h> #include <linux/sockios.h> /* * TIPC addressing primitives */ struct tipc_socket_addr { __u32 ref; __u32 node; }; struct tipc_service_addr { __u32 type; __u32 instance; }; struct tipc_service_range { __u32 type; __u32 lower; __u32 upper; }; /* * Application-accessible service types */ #define TIPC_NODE_STATE 0 /* node state service type */ #define TIPC_TOP_SRV 1 /* topology server service type */ #define TIPC_LINK_STATE 2 /* link state service type */ #define TIPC_RESERVED_TYPES 64 /* lowest user-allowed service type */ /* * Publication scopes when binding service / service range */ enum tipc_scope { TIPC_CLUSTER_SCOPE = 2, /* 0 can also be used */ TIPC_NODE_SCOPE = 3 }; /* * Limiting values for messages */ #define TIPC_MAX_USER_MSG_SIZE 66000U /* * Message importance levels */ #define TIPC_LOW_IMPORTANCE 0 #define TIPC_MEDIUM_IMPORTANCE 1 #define TIPC_HIGH_IMPORTANCE 2 #define TIPC_CRITICAL_IMPORTANCE 3 /* * Msg rejection/connection shutdown reasons */ #define TIPC_OK 0 #define TIPC_ERR_NO_NAME 1 #define TIPC_ERR_NO_PORT 2 #define TIPC_ERR_NO_NODE 3 #define TIPC_ERR_OVERLOAD 4 #define TIPC_CONN_SHUTDOWN 5 /* * TIPC topology subscription service definitions */ #define TIPC_SUB_PORTS 0x01 /* filter: evt at each match */ #define TIPC_SUB_SERVICE 0x02 /* filter: evt at first up/last down */ #define TIPC_SUB_CANCEL 0x04 /* filter: cancel a subscription */ #define TIPC_WAIT_FOREVER (~0) /* timeout for permanent subscription */ struct tipc_subscr { struct tipc_service_range seq; /* range of interest */ __u32 timeout; /* subscription duration (in ms) */ __u32 filter; /* bitmask of filter options */ char usr_handle[8]; /* available for subscriber use */ }; #define TIPC_PUBLISHED 1 /* publication event */ #define TIPC_WITHDRAWN 2 /* withdrawal event */ #define TIPC_SUBSCR_TIMEOUT 3 /* subscription timeout event */ struct tipc_event { __u32 event; /* event type */ __u32 found_lower; /* matching range */ __u32 found_upper; /* " " */ struct tipc_socket_addr port; /* associated socket */ struct tipc_subscr s; /* associated subscription */ }; /* * Socket API */ #ifndef AF_TIPC #define AF_TIPC 30 #endif #ifndef PF_TIPC #define PF_TIPC AF_TIPC #endif #ifndef SOL_TIPC #define SOL_TIPC 271 #endif #define TIPC_ADDR_MCAST 1 #define TIPC_SERVICE_RANGE 1 #define TIPC_SERVICE_ADDR 2 #define TIPC_SOCKET_ADDR 3 struct sockaddr_tipc { unsigned short family; unsigned char addrtype; signed char scope; union { struct tipc_socket_addr id; struct tipc_service_range nameseq; struct { struct tipc_service_addr name; __u32 domain; } name; } addr; }; /* * Ancillary data objects supported by recvmsg() */ #define TIPC_ERRINFO 1 /* error info */ #define TIPC_RETDATA 2 /* returned data */ #define TIPC_DESTNAME 3 /* destination name */ /* * TIPC-specific socket option names */ #define TIPC_IMPORTANCE 127 /* Default: TIPC_LOW_IMPORTANCE */ #define TIPC_SRC_DROPPABLE 128 /* Default: based on socket type */ #define TIPC_DEST_DROPPABLE 129 /* Default: based on socket type */ #define TIPC_CONN_TIMEOUT 130 /* Default: 8000 (ms) */ #define TIPC_NODE_RECVQ_DEPTH 131 /* Default: none (read only) */ #define TIPC_SOCK_RECVQ_DEPTH 132 /* Default: none (read only) */ #define TIPC_MCAST_BROADCAST 133 /* Default: TIPC selects. No arg */ #define TIPC_MCAST_REPLICAST 134 /* Default: TIPC selects. No arg */ #define TIPC_GROUP_JOIN 135 /* Takes struct tipc_group_req* */ #define TIPC_GROUP_LEAVE 136 /* No argument */ /* * Flag values */ #define TIPC_GROUP_LOOPBACK 0x1 /* Receive copy of sent msg when match */ #define TIPC_GROUP_MEMBER_EVTS 0x2 /* Receive membership events in socket */ struct tipc_group_req { __u32 type; /* group id */ __u32 instance; /* member id */ __u32 scope; /* cluster/node */ __u32 flags; }; /* * Maximum sizes of TIPC bearer-related names (including terminating NULL) * The string formatting for each name element is: * media: media * interface: media:interface name * link: node:interface-node:interface */ #define TIPC_NODEID_LEN 16 #define TIPC_MAX_MEDIA_NAME 16 #define TIPC_MAX_IF_NAME 16 #define TIPC_MAX_BEARER_NAME 32 #define TIPC_MAX_LINK_NAME 68 #define SIOCGETLINKNAME SIOCPROTOPRIVATE #define SIOCGETNODEID (SIOCPROTOPRIVATE + 1) struct tipc_sioc_ln_req { __u32 peer; __u32 bearer_id; char linkname[TIPC_MAX_LINK_NAME]; }; struct tipc_sioc_nodeid_req { __u32 peer; char node_id[TIPC_NODEID_LEN]; }; /* The macros and functions below are deprecated: */ #define TIPC_CFG_SRV 0 #define TIPC_ZONE_SCOPE 1 #define TIPC_ADDR_NAMESEQ 1 #define TIPC_ADDR_NAME 2 #define TIPC_ADDR_ID 3 #define TIPC_NODE_BITS 12 #define TIPC_CLUSTER_BITS 12 #define TIPC_ZONE_BITS 8 #define TIPC_NODE_OFFSET 0 #define TIPC_CLUSTER_OFFSET TIPC_NODE_BITS #define TIPC_ZONE_OFFSET (TIPC_CLUSTER_OFFSET + TIPC_CLUSTER_BITS) #define TIPC_NODE_SIZE ((1UL << TIPC_NODE_BITS) - 1) #define TIPC_CLUSTER_SIZE ((1UL << TIPC_CLUSTER_BITS) - 1) #define TIPC_ZONE_SIZE ((1UL << TIPC_ZONE_BITS) - 1) #define TIPC_NODE_MASK (TIPC_NODE_SIZE << TIPC_NODE_OFFSET) #define TIPC_CLUSTER_MASK (TIPC_CLUSTER_SIZE << TIPC_CLUSTER_OFFSET) #define TIPC_ZONE_MASK (TIPC_ZONE_SIZE << TIPC_ZONE_OFFSET) #define TIPC_ZONE_CLUSTER_MASK (TIPC_ZONE_MASK | TIPC_CLUSTER_MASK) #define tipc_portid tipc_socket_addr #define tipc_name tipc_service_addr #define tipc_name_seq tipc_service_range static __inline__ __u32 tipc_addr(unsigned int zone, unsigned int cluster, unsigned int node) { return (zone << TIPC_ZONE_OFFSET) | (cluster << TIPC_CLUSTER_OFFSET) | node; } static __inline__ unsigned int tipc_zone(__u32 addr) { return addr >> TIPC_ZONE_OFFSET; } static __inline__ unsigned int tipc_cluster(__u32 addr) { return (addr & TIPC_CLUSTER_MASK) >> TIPC_CLUSTER_OFFSET; } static __inline__ unsigned int tipc_node(__u32 addr) { return addr & TIPC_NODE_MASK; } #endif

RE-INVENTING THE TELEVISION NEWS BUSINESS*

A revolution in video storytelling

Creating entirely new & cost-effective production methods

From the world leaders in video production training and the creators of Character Driven Storytelling™

*and every other business that uses video

WHAT WE DO

Over the past 35 years, we have designed, built or restructured some of the most powerful news and journalism companies in the world.

We replace the traditional TV news ‘crew’ with one highly trained journalist, working alone with nothing but an iPhone.

No more TV news ‘crews’, no editors and no field producers.

This is television news done the way newspaper journalism is done – one reporter with their electronic pad and pencil.

In doing this, we can cut the cost of production by as much as 75% while increasing ratings and audience engagement.

In the place of conventional TV news ‘packages’ – ie, reporter stand up, interview, b-roll, man on the street, we marry great journalism with Netflix and Hollywood storytelling.

It’s a combination that works.

We have taken most of our clients to #1 in their respective markets.

And it’s not just for news. Any company, any profit, any NGO and anyone else who is online needs to tell their story in compelling yet cost-effective video. We can teach you to do that. Either in person or virtually.

EXAMPLES OF WHAT WE CAN TEACH YOUR STAFF TO PRODUCE

ITAY HOD

Itay Hod, MMJ with KPIX/CBS in San Francisco, took the 5-Day Intensive Video Storytelling Bootcamp in 2018.

Because he works alone, with only an iPhone, he was able to embed himself with a homeless family.

Here’s the story he produced in a one-day turn.

KIET DO

Kiet Do, an MMJ with KPIX/CBS in San Francisco, took the 5-Day Intensive Video Storytelling Bootcamp in 2021.

Here is a story he produced, all on his own, with only an iPhone and in a one-day turn.

TAYLOR SCHAUB

Taylor Schaub, an MMJ with Spectrum News 1 in LA, took the 5-Day Intensive Video Storytelling Bootcamp in 2023.

Here is a story he turned in only one day, using only an iPhone. It was the first video story he ever did and it was nominated for an Emmy.

THE BOOTCAMP

How do we convert stations and whole networks to working in this way?

Since 1988, we have run intensive 5-Day Video Storytelling Bootcamps

We have done these all over the world.

These are hands-on bootcamps, and participants learn an entirely new way of creating TV news stories.

-We shoot at a 3:1 ratio or lower, so turnaround times are fast.

-We go directly from camera to timelilne and edit – no written scripts. We work in the medium of pictures and sound.

-We are entirely character-driven.

-We are driven by pictures and real events.

-We are focused almost entirely on ’the viewer experience’.

Since 1988, more than 70,000 journalists around the world have taken our bootcamps, either in person on virtualy.

Case Studies

CBS News

We have started to work with CBS News, bringing our ideas of character-driven storytelling to one of the most successful and biggest networks in the United States. Since beginning to work with them ratings have climbed and more importantly, audience engagement is through the ceiling.

Learn More

New York Times Television

We started New York Times Television in 1990 and it was the first paper to be brought into the world of TV. It quickly became one of the most successful non-fiction production companies in the United States. The series and documentaries we produced won many awards including multiple Emmys.

Learn More

The BBC

We have been working with the BBC since the year 2000 helping to convert their national news network to our visual storytelling technique. Most recently we have trained teams from their sports, documentaries, and comedy divisions to make character-driven stories using only smartphones.

Learn More

Spectrum News

For the past five years we have worked with Spectrum News to introduce and train their journalists on visual, character driven storytelling using smartphones helping to create a different kind of local news for their network of 24-Hour News Stations across the United States.

Learn More

The United Nations

In 2006, we were approached by the United Nations. Rather than rely on news outlets, it would be much easier to train the field operatives to produce their own stories. We spent two years working with the UN, training more than 100 of their staff in bootcamps in Geneva and Nairobi.

Learn More

The Newark Star-Ledger

We trained 50 print reporters at the paper to shoot and tell their own stories, in conjunction with their print work. We built a TV newsroom in their existing print newsroom – you could not ask for a better set and they began to live stream their stories in conjunction with their print work.

Learn More

Mcgraw Hill

We spent two years with McGraw Hill, training more than 150 of their staffers, making them completely video literate. McGraw/Hill media properties we transit included Business Week, Aviation Week, (what was the name of the architecture magazine), and JD Power and Associates.

Learn More

Voice of America

In 1990, we were approached by The Voice of America, the official broadcasting agency for the United States Government. When we met with VOA, they were only a short wave radio broadcaster, but working with them, we took them into television, launching VOA-TV.

Learn More

Oyster Yachts

British based Oyster Yachts makes some of the finest yachts in the world. Like every other company, they had to find a way to feed the never-ending video demands of social media – sites like Instagram and TikTok. We trained the Oyster staff to tell their own stories, using only iPhones.

Learn More

Scottish Environmental Protection Agency

We were approached by SEPA, the Scottish Environmental Protection Agency because they had to continually find a way to ‘feed the media beast’. The result was that SEPA was able to tell their own stories, whenever they wanted, and at almost no additional cost.

Learn More

Michael on Media

Michael Rosenblum has been writing about the media since 1988. His work and ideas have appeared in The Guardian, The Huffington Post, Ilkeston Life and many other publications.

He has been blogging regularly for the past 35 years on this subject. Having taught media studies at Columbia University, NYU and now the University of Oxford, he is considered an expert on this subject.

Continue reading this post or look back at previous posts.

Do You Have Questions About Learning Video Skills?

If you would like to know more about our courses contact us and one of our training advisors will be happy to call you.

Your IP : 216.73.216.102

RE-INVENTING THE TELEVISION NEWS BUSINESS*

A revolution in video storytelling

Creating entirely new & cost-effective production methods

From the world leaders in video production training and the creators of Character Driven Storytelling™

*and every other business that uses video

WHAT WE DO

Over the past 35 years, we have designed, built or restructured some of the most powerful news and journalism companies in the world.

We replace the traditional TV news ‘crew’ with one highly trained journalist, working alone with nothing but an iPhone.

No more TV news ‘crews’, no editors and no field producers.

This is television news done the way newspaper journalism is done – one reporter with their electronic pad and pencil.

In doing this, we can cut the cost of production by as much as 75% while increasing ratings and audience engagement.

In the place of conventional TV news ‘packages’ – ie, reporter stand up, interview, b-roll, man on the street, we marry great journalism with Netflix and Hollywood storytelling.

It’s a combination that works.

We have taken most of our clients to #1 in their respective markets.

And it’s not just for news. Any company, any profit, any NGO and anyone else who is online needs to tell their story in compelling yet cost-effective video. We can teach you to do that. Either in person or virtually.

EXAMPLES OF WHAT WE CAN TEACH YOUR STAFF TO PRODUCE

ITAY HOD

Itay Hod, MMJ with KPIX/CBS in San Francisco, took the 5-Day Intensive Video Storytelling Bootcamp in 2018.

Because he works alone, with only an iPhone, he was able to embed himself with a homeless family.

Here’s the story he produced in a one-day turn.

KIET DO

Kiet Do, an MMJ with KPIX/CBS in San Francisco, took the 5-Day Intensive Video Storytelling Bootcamp in 2021.

Here is a story he produced, all on his own, with only an iPhone and in a one-day turn.

TAYLOR SCHAUB

Taylor Schaub, an MMJ with Spectrum News 1 in LA, took the 5-Day Intensive Video Storytelling Bootcamp in 2023.

Here is a story he turned in only one day, using only an iPhone. It was the first video story he ever did and it was nominated for an Emmy.

THE BOOTCAMP

How do we convert stations and whole networks to working in this way?

Since 1988, we have run intensive 5-Day Video Storytelling Bootcamps

We have done these all over the world.

These are hands-on bootcamps, and participants learn an entirely new way of creating TV news stories.

-We shoot at a 3:1 ratio or lower, so turnaround times are fast.

-We go directly from camera to timelilne and edit – no written scripts. We work in the medium of pictures and sound.

-We are entirely character-driven.

-We are driven by pictures and real events.

-We are focused almost entirely on ’the viewer experience’.

Since 1988, more than 70,000 journalists around the world have taken our bootcamps, either in person on virtualy.

Case Studies

CBS News

New York Times Television

The BBC

Spectrum News

The United Nations

The Newark Star-Ledger

Mcgraw Hill

Voice of America

Oyster Yachts

Scottish Environmental Protection Agency

Michael on Media