/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1 WITH Linux-syscall-note */ /* taskstats.h - exporting per-task statistics * * Copyright (C) Shailabh Nagar, IBM Corp. 2006 * (C) Balbir Singh, IBM Corp. 2006 * (C) Jay Lan, SGI, 2006 * * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it * under the terms of version 2.1 of the GNU Lesser General Public License * as published by the Free Software Foundation. * * This program is distributed in the hope that it would be useful, but * WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. */ #ifndef _LINUX_TASKSTATS_H #define _LINUX_TASKSTATS_H #include <linux/types.h> /* Format for per-task data returned to userland when * - a task exits * - listener requests stats for a task * * The struct is versioned. Newer versions should only add fields to * the bottom of the struct to maintain backward compatibility. * * * To add new fields * a) bump up TASKSTATS_VERSION * b) add comment indicating new version number at end of struct * c) add new fields after version comment; maintain 64-bit alignment */ #define TASKSTATS_VERSION 8 #define TS_COMM_LEN 32 /* should be >= TASK_COMM_LEN * in linux/sched.h */ struct taskstats { /* The version number of this struct. This field is always set to * TAKSTATS_VERSION, which is defined in <linux/taskstats.h>. * Each time the struct is changed, the value should be incremented. */ __u16 version; __u32 ac_exitcode; /* Exit status */ /* The accounting flags of a task as defined in <linux/acct.h> * Defined values are AFORK, ASU, ACOMPAT, ACORE, and AXSIG. */ __u8 ac_flag; /* Record flags */ __u8 ac_nice; /* task_nice */ /* Delay accounting fields start * * All values, until comment "Delay accounting fields end" are * available only if delay accounting is enabled, even though the last * few fields are not delays * * xxx_count is the number of delay values recorded * xxx_delay_total is the corresponding cumulative delay in nanoseconds * * xxx_delay_total wraps around to zero on overflow * xxx_count incremented regardless of overflow */ /* Delay waiting for cpu, while runnable * count, delay_total NOT updated atomically */ __u64 cpu_count __attribute__((aligned(8))); __u64 cpu_delay_total; /* Following four fields atomically updated using task->delays->lock */ /* Delay waiting for synchronous block I/O to complete * does not account for delays in I/O submission */ __u64 blkio_count; __u64 blkio_delay_total; /* Delay waiting for page fault I/O (swap in only) */ __u64 swapin_count; __u64 swapin_delay_total; /* cpu "wall-clock" running time * On some architectures, value will adjust for cpu time stolen * from the kernel in involuntary waits due to virtualization. * Value is cumulative, in nanoseconds, without a corresponding count * and wraps around to zero silently on overflow */ __u64 cpu_run_real_total; /* cpu "virtual" running time * Uses time intervals seen by the kernel i.e. no adjustment * for kernel's involuntary waits due to virtualization. * Value is cumulative, in nanoseconds, without a corresponding count * and wraps around to zero silently on overflow */ __u64 cpu_run_virtual_total; /* Delay accounting fields end */ /* version 1 ends here */ /* Basic Accounting Fields start */ char ac_comm[TS_COMM_LEN]; /* Command name */ __u8 ac_sched __attribute__((aligned(8))); /* Scheduling discipline */ __u8 ac_pad[3]; __u32 ac_uid __attribute__((aligned(8))); /* User ID */ __u32 ac_gid; /* Group ID */ __u32 ac_pid; /* Process ID */ __u32 ac_ppid; /* Parent process ID */ __u32 ac_btime; /* Begin time [sec since 1970] */ __u64 ac_etime __attribute__((aligned(8))); /* Elapsed time [usec] */ __u64 ac_utime; /* User CPU time [usec] */ __u64 ac_stime; /* SYstem CPU time [usec] */ __u64 ac_minflt; /* Minor Page Fault Count */ __u64 ac_majflt; /* Major Page Fault Count */ /* Basic Accounting Fields end */ /* Extended accounting fields start */ /* Accumulated RSS usage in duration of a task, in MBytes-usecs. * The current rss usage is added to this counter every time * a tick is charged to a task's system time. So, at the end we * will have memory usage multiplied by system time. Thus an * average usage per system time unit can be calculated. */ __u64 coremem; /* accumulated RSS usage in MB-usec */ /* Accumulated virtual memory usage in duration of a task. * Same as acct_rss_mem1 above except that we keep track of VM usage. */ __u64 virtmem; /* accumulated VM usage in MB-usec */ /* High watermark of RSS and virtual memory usage in duration of * a task, in KBytes. */ __u64 hiwater_rss; /* High-watermark of RSS usage, in KB */ __u64 hiwater_vm; /* High-water VM usage, in KB */ /* The following four fields are I/O statistics of a task. */ __u64 read_char; /* bytes read */ __u64 write_char; /* bytes written */ __u64 read_syscalls; /* read syscalls */ __u64 write_syscalls; /* write syscalls */ /* Extended accounting fields end */ #define TASKSTATS_HAS_IO_ACCOUNTING /* Per-task storage I/O accounting starts */ __u64 read_bytes; /* bytes of read I/O */ __u64 write_bytes; /* bytes of write I/O */ __u64 cancelled_write_bytes; /* bytes of cancelled write I/O */ __u64 nvcsw; /* voluntary_ctxt_switches */ __u64 nivcsw; /* nonvoluntary_ctxt_switches */ /* time accounting for SMT machines */ __u64 ac_utimescaled; /* utime scaled on frequency etc */ __u64 ac_stimescaled; /* stime scaled on frequency etc */ __u64 cpu_scaled_run_real_total; /* scaled cpu_run_real_total */ /* Delay waiting for memory reclaim */ __u64 freepages_count; __u64 freepages_delay_total; }; /* * Commands sent from userspace * Not versioned. New commands should only be inserted at the enum's end * prior to __TASKSTATS_CMD_MAX */ enum { TASKSTATS_CMD_UNSPEC = 0, /* Reserved */ TASKSTATS_CMD_GET, /* user->kernel request/get-response */ TASKSTATS_CMD_NEW, /* kernel->user event */ __TASKSTATS_CMD_MAX, }; #define TASKSTATS_CMD_MAX (__TASKSTATS_CMD_MAX - 1) enum { TASKSTATS_TYPE_UNSPEC = 0, /* Reserved */ TASKSTATS_TYPE_PID, /* Process id */ TASKSTATS_TYPE_TGID, /* Thread group id */ TASKSTATS_TYPE_STATS, /* taskstats structure */ TASKSTATS_TYPE_AGGR_PID, /* contains pid + stats */ TASKSTATS_TYPE_AGGR_TGID, /* contains tgid + stats */ TASKSTATS_TYPE_NULL, /* contains nothing */ __TASKSTATS_TYPE_MAX, }; #define TASKSTATS_TYPE_MAX (__TASKSTATS_TYPE_MAX - 1) enum { TASKSTATS_CMD_ATTR_UNSPEC = 0, TASKSTATS_CMD_ATTR_PID, TASKSTATS_CMD_ATTR_TGID, TASKSTATS_CMD_ATTR_REGISTER_CPUMASK, TASKSTATS_CMD_ATTR_DEREGISTER_CPUMASK, __TASKSTATS_CMD_ATTR_MAX, }; #define TASKSTATS_CMD_ATTR_MAX (__TASKSTATS_CMD_ATTR_MAX - 1) /* NETLINK_GENERIC related info */ #define TASKSTATS_GENL_NAME "TASKSTATS" #define TASKSTATS_GENL_VERSION 0x1 #endif /* _LINUX_TASKSTATS_H */

RE-INVENTING THE TELEVISION NEWS BUSINESS*

A revolution in video storytelling

Creating entirely new & cost-effective production methods

From the world leaders in video production training and the creators of Character Driven Storytelling™

*and every other business that uses video

WHAT WE DO

Over the past 35 years, we have designed, built or restructured some of the most powerful news and journalism companies in the world.

We replace the traditional TV news ‘crew’ with one highly trained journalist, working alone with nothing but an iPhone.

No more TV news ‘crews’, no editors and no field producers.

This is television news done the way newspaper journalism is done – one reporter with their electronic pad and pencil.

In doing this, we can cut the cost of production by as much as 75% while increasing ratings and audience engagement.

In the place of conventional TV news ‘packages’ – ie, reporter stand up, interview, b-roll, man on the street, we marry great journalism with Netflix and Hollywood storytelling.

It’s a combination that works.

We have taken most of our clients to #1 in their respective markets.

And it’s not just for news. Any company, any profit, any NGO and anyone else who is online needs to tell their story in compelling yet cost-effective video. We can teach you to do that. Either in person or virtually.

EXAMPLES OF WHAT WE CAN TEACH YOUR STAFF TO PRODUCE

ITAY HOD

Itay Hod, MMJ with KPIX/CBS in San Francisco, took the 5-Day Intensive Video Storytelling Bootcamp in 2018.

Because he works alone, with only an iPhone, he was able to embed himself with a homeless family.

Here’s the story he produced in a one-day turn.

KIET DO

Kiet Do, an MMJ with KPIX/CBS in San Francisco, took the 5-Day Intensive Video Storytelling Bootcamp in 2021.

Here is a story he produced, all on his own, with only an iPhone and in a one-day turn.

TAYLOR SCHAUB

Taylor Schaub, an MMJ with Spectrum News 1 in LA, took the 5-Day Intensive Video Storytelling Bootcamp in 2023.

Here is a story he turned in only one day, using only an iPhone. It was the first video story he ever did and it was nominated for an Emmy.

THE BOOTCAMP

How do we convert stations and whole networks to working in this way?

Since 1988, we have run intensive 5-Day Video Storytelling Bootcamps

We have done these all over the world.

These are hands-on bootcamps, and participants learn an entirely new way of creating TV news stories.

-We shoot at a 3:1 ratio or lower, so turnaround times are fast.

-We go directly from camera to timelilne and edit – no written scripts. We work in the medium of pictures and sound.

-We are entirely character-driven.

-We are driven by pictures and real events.

-We are focused almost entirely on ’the viewer experience’.

Since 1988, more than 70,000 journalists around the world have taken our bootcamps, either in person on virtualy.

Case Studies

CBS News

We have started to work with CBS News, bringing our ideas of character-driven storytelling to one of the most successful and biggest networks in the United States. Since beginning to work with them ratings have climbed and more importantly, audience engagement is through the ceiling.

Learn More

New York Times Television

We started New York Times Television in 1990 and it was the first paper to be brought into the world of TV. It quickly became one of the most successful non-fiction production companies in the United States. The series and documentaries we produced won many awards including multiple Emmys.

Learn More

The BBC

We have been working with the BBC since the year 2000 helping to convert their national news network to our visual storytelling technique. Most recently we have trained teams from their sports, documentaries, and comedy divisions to make character-driven stories using only smartphones.

Learn More

Spectrum News

For the past five years we have worked with Spectrum News to introduce and train their journalists on visual, character driven storytelling using smartphones helping to create a different kind of local news for their network of 24-Hour News Stations across the United States.

Learn More

The United Nations

In 2006, we were approached by the United Nations. Rather than rely on news outlets, it would be much easier to train the field operatives to produce their own stories. We spent two years working with the UN, training more than 100 of their staff in bootcamps in Geneva and Nairobi.

Learn More

The Newark Star-Ledger

We trained 50 print reporters at the paper to shoot and tell their own stories, in conjunction with their print work. We built a TV newsroom in their existing print newsroom – you could not ask for a better set and they began to live stream their stories in conjunction with their print work.

Learn More

Mcgraw Hill

We spent two years with McGraw Hill, training more than 150 of their staffers, making them completely video literate. McGraw/Hill media properties we transit included Business Week, Aviation Week, (what was the name of the architecture magazine), and JD Power and Associates.

Learn More

Voice of America

In 1990, we were approached by The Voice of America, the official broadcasting agency for the United States Government. When we met with VOA, they were only a short wave radio broadcaster, but working with them, we took them into television, launching VOA-TV.

Learn More

Oyster Yachts

British based Oyster Yachts makes some of the finest yachts in the world. Like every other company, they had to find a way to feed the never-ending video demands of social media – sites like Instagram and TikTok. We trained the Oyster staff to tell their own stories, using only iPhones.

Learn More

Scottish Environmental Protection Agency

We were approached by SEPA, the Scottish Environmental Protection Agency because they had to continually find a way to ‘feed the media beast’. The result was that SEPA was able to tell their own stories, whenever they wanted, and at almost no additional cost.

Learn More

Michael on Media

Michael Rosenblum has been writing about the media since 1988. His work and ideas have appeared in The Guardian, The Huffington Post, Ilkeston Life and many other publications.

He has been blogging regularly for the past 35 years on this subject. Having taught media studies at Columbia University, NYU and now the University of Oxford, he is considered an expert on this subject.

Continue reading this post or look back at previous posts.

Do You Have Questions About Learning Video Skills?

If you would like to know more about our courses contact us and one of our training advisors will be happy to call you.

Your IP : 216.73.216.30

RE-INVENTING THE TELEVISION NEWS BUSINESS*

A revolution in video storytelling

Creating entirely new & cost-effective production methods

From the world leaders in video production training and the creators of Character Driven Storytelling™

*and every other business that uses video

WHAT WE DO

Over the past 35 years, we have designed, built or restructured some of the most powerful news and journalism companies in the world.

We replace the traditional TV news ‘crew’ with one highly trained journalist, working alone with nothing but an iPhone.

No more TV news ‘crews’, no editors and no field producers.

This is television news done the way newspaper journalism is done – one reporter with their electronic pad and pencil.

In doing this, we can cut the cost of production by as much as 75% while increasing ratings and audience engagement.

In the place of conventional TV news ‘packages’ – ie, reporter stand up, interview, b-roll, man on the street, we marry great journalism with Netflix and Hollywood storytelling.

It’s a combination that works.

We have taken most of our clients to #1 in their respective markets.

And it’s not just for news. Any company, any profit, any NGO and anyone else who is online needs to tell their story in compelling yet cost-effective video. We can teach you to do that. Either in person or virtually.

EXAMPLES OF WHAT WE CAN TEACH YOUR STAFF TO PRODUCE

ITAY HOD

Itay Hod, MMJ with KPIX/CBS in San Francisco, took the 5-Day Intensive Video Storytelling Bootcamp in 2018.

Because he works alone, with only an iPhone, he was able to embed himself with a homeless family.

Here’s the story he produced in a one-day turn.

KIET DO

Kiet Do, an MMJ with KPIX/CBS in San Francisco, took the 5-Day Intensive Video Storytelling Bootcamp in 2021.

Here is a story he produced, all on his own, with only an iPhone and in a one-day turn.

TAYLOR SCHAUB

Taylor Schaub, an MMJ with Spectrum News 1 in LA, took the 5-Day Intensive Video Storytelling Bootcamp in 2023.

Here is a story he turned in only one day, using only an iPhone. It was the first video story he ever did and it was nominated for an Emmy.

THE BOOTCAMP

How do we convert stations and whole networks to working in this way?

Since 1988, we have run intensive 5-Day Video Storytelling Bootcamps

We have done these all over the world.

These are hands-on bootcamps, and participants learn an entirely new way of creating TV news stories.

-We shoot at a 3:1 ratio or lower, so turnaround times are fast.

-We go directly from camera to timelilne and edit – no written scripts. We work in the medium of pictures and sound.

-We are entirely character-driven.

-We are driven by pictures and real events.

-We are focused almost entirely on ’the viewer experience’.

Since 1988, more than 70,000 journalists around the world have taken our bootcamps, either in person on virtualy.

Case Studies

CBS News

New York Times Television

The BBC

Spectrum News

The United Nations

The Newark Star-Ledger

Mcgraw Hill

Voice of America

Oyster Yachts

Scottish Environmental Protection Agency

Michael on Media