/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note */ /* atmdev.h - ATM device driver declarations and various related items */ /* Written 1995-2000 by Werner Almesberger, EPFL LRC/ICA */ #ifndef LINUX_ATMDEV_H #define LINUX_ATMDEV_H #include <linux/atmapi.h> #include <linux/atm.h> #include <linux/atmioc.h> #define ESI_LEN 6 #define ATM_OC3_PCR (155520000/270*260/8/53) /* OC3 link rate: 155520000 bps SONET overhead: /270*260 (9 section, 1 path) bits per cell: /8/53 max cell rate: 353207.547 cells/sec */ #define ATM_25_PCR ((25600000/8-8000)/54) /* 25 Mbps ATM cell rate (59111) */ #define ATM_OC12_PCR (622080000/1080*1040/8/53) /* OC12 link rate: 622080000 bps SONET overhead: /1080*1040 bits per cell: /8/53 max cell rate: 1412830.188 cells/sec */ #define ATM_DS3_PCR (8000*12) /* DS3: 12 cells in a 125 usec time slot */ #define __AAL_STAT_ITEMS \ __HANDLE_ITEM(tx); /* TX okay */ \ __HANDLE_ITEM(tx_err); /* TX errors */ \ __HANDLE_ITEM(rx); /* RX okay */ \ __HANDLE_ITEM(rx_err); /* RX errors */ \ __HANDLE_ITEM(rx_drop); /* RX out of memory */ struct atm_aal_stats { #define __HANDLE_ITEM(i) int i __AAL_STAT_ITEMS #undef __HANDLE_ITEM }; struct atm_dev_stats { struct atm_aal_stats aal0; struct atm_aal_stats aal34; struct atm_aal_stats aal5; } __ATM_API_ALIGN; #define ATM_GETLINKRATE _IOW('a',ATMIOC_ITF+1,struct atmif_sioc) /* get link rate */ #define ATM_GETNAMES _IOW('a',ATMIOC_ITF+3,struct atm_iobuf) /* get interface names (numbers) */ #define ATM_GETTYPE _IOW('a',ATMIOC_ITF+4,struct atmif_sioc) /* get interface type name */ #define ATM_GETESI _IOW('a',ATMIOC_ITF+5,struct atmif_sioc) /* get interface ESI */ #define ATM_GETADDR _IOW('a',ATMIOC_ITF+6,struct atmif_sioc) /* get itf's local ATM addr. list */ #define ATM_RSTADDR _IOW('a',ATMIOC_ITF+7,struct atmif_sioc) /* reset itf's ATM address list */ #define ATM_ADDADDR _IOW('a',ATMIOC_ITF+8,struct atmif_sioc) /* add a local ATM address */ #define ATM_DELADDR _IOW('a',ATMIOC_ITF+9,struct atmif_sioc) /* remove a local ATM address */ #define ATM_GETCIRANGE _IOW('a',ATMIOC_ITF+10,struct atmif_sioc) /* get connection identifier range */ #define ATM_SETCIRANGE _IOW('a',ATMIOC_ITF+11,struct atmif_sioc) /* set connection identifier range */ #define ATM_SETESI _IOW('a',ATMIOC_ITF+12,struct atmif_sioc) /* set interface ESI */ #define ATM_SETESIF _IOW('a',ATMIOC_ITF+13,struct atmif_sioc) /* force interface ESI */ #define ATM_ADDLECSADDR _IOW('a', ATMIOC_ITF+14, struct atmif_sioc) /* register a LECS address */ #define ATM_DELLECSADDR _IOW('a', ATMIOC_ITF+15, struct atmif_sioc) /* unregister a LECS address */ #define ATM_GETLECSADDR _IOW('a', ATMIOC_ITF+16, struct atmif_sioc) /* retrieve LECS address(es) */ #define ATM_GETSTAT _IOW('a',ATMIOC_SARCOM+0,struct atmif_sioc) /* get AAL layer statistics */ #define ATM_GETSTATZ _IOW('a',ATMIOC_SARCOM+1,struct atmif_sioc) /* get AAL layer statistics and zero */ #define ATM_GETLOOP _IOW('a',ATMIOC_SARCOM+2,struct atmif_sioc) /* get loopback mode */ #define ATM_SETLOOP _IOW('a',ATMIOC_SARCOM+3,struct atmif_sioc) /* set loopback mode */ #define ATM_QUERYLOOP _IOW('a',ATMIOC_SARCOM+4,struct atmif_sioc) /* query supported loopback modes */ #define ATM_SETSC _IOW('a',ATMIOC_SPECIAL+1,int) /* enable or disable single-copy */ #define ATM_SETBACKEND _IOW('a',ATMIOC_SPECIAL+2,atm_backend_t) /* set backend handler */ #define ATM_NEWBACKENDIF _IOW('a',ATMIOC_SPECIAL+3,atm_backend_t) /* use backend to make new if */ #define ATM_ADDPARTY _IOW('a', ATMIOC_SPECIAL+4,struct atm_iobuf) /* add party to p2mp call */ #ifdef CONFIG_COMPAT /* It actually takes struct sockaddr_atmsvc, not struct atm_iobuf */ #define COMPAT_ATM_ADDPARTY _IOW('a', ATMIOC_SPECIAL+4,struct compat_atm_iobuf) #endif #define ATM_DROPPARTY _IOW('a', ATMIOC_SPECIAL+5,int) /* drop party from p2mp call */ /* * These are backend handkers that can be set via the ATM_SETBACKEND call * above. In the future we may support dynamic loading of these - for now, * they're just being used to share the ATMIOC_BACKEND ioctls */ #define ATM_BACKEND_RAW 0 #define ATM_BACKEND_PPP 1 /* PPPoATM - RFC2364 */ #define ATM_BACKEND_BR2684 2 /* Bridged RFC1483/2684 */ /* for ATM_GETTYPE */ #define ATM_ITFTYP_LEN 8 /* maximum length of interface type name */ /* * Loopback modes for ATM_{PHY,SAR}_{GET,SET}LOOP */ /* Point of loopback CPU-->SAR-->PHY-->line--> ... */ #define __ATM_LM_NONE 0 /* no loop back ^ ^ ^ ^ */ #define __ATM_LM_AAL 1 /* loop back PDUs --' | | | */ #define __ATM_LM_ATM 2 /* loop back ATM cells ---' | | */ /* RESERVED 4 loop back on PHY side ---' */ #define __ATM_LM_PHY 8 /* loop back bits (digital) ----' | */ #define __ATM_LM_ANALOG 16 /* loop back the analog signal --------' */ /* Direction of loopback */ #define __ATM_LM_MKLOC(n) ((n)) /* Local (i.e. loop TX to RX) */ #define __ATM_LM_MKRMT(n) ((n) << 8) /* Remote (i.e. loop RX to TX) */ #define __ATM_LM_XTLOC(n) ((n) & 0xff) #define __ATM_LM_XTRMT(n) (((n) >> 8) & 0xff) #define ATM_LM_NONE 0 /* no loopback */ #define ATM_LM_LOC_AAL __ATM_LM_MKLOC(__ATM_LM_AAL) #define ATM_LM_LOC_ATM __ATM_LM_MKLOC(__ATM_LM_ATM) #define ATM_LM_LOC_PHY __ATM_LM_MKLOC(__ATM_LM_PHY) #define ATM_LM_LOC_ANALOG __ATM_LM_MKLOC(__ATM_LM_ANALOG) #define ATM_LM_RMT_AAL __ATM_LM_MKRMT(__ATM_LM_AAL) #define ATM_LM_RMT_ATM __ATM_LM_MKRMT(__ATM_LM_ATM) #define ATM_LM_RMT_PHY __ATM_LM_MKRMT(__ATM_LM_PHY) #define ATM_LM_RMT_ANALOG __ATM_LM_MKRMT(__ATM_LM_ANALOG) /* * Note: ATM_LM_LOC_* and ATM_LM_RMT_* can be combined, provided that * __ATM_LM_XTLOC(x) <= __ATM_LM_XTRMT(x) */ struct atm_iobuf { int length; void *buffer; }; /* for ATM_GETCIRANGE / ATM_SETCIRANGE */ #define ATM_CI_MAX -1 /* use maximum range of VPI/VCI */ struct atm_cirange { signed char vpi_bits; /* 1..8, ATM_CI_MAX (-1) for maximum */ signed char vci_bits; /* 1..16, ATM_CI_MAX (-1) for maximum */ }; /* for ATM_SETSC; actually taken from the ATM_VF number space */ #define ATM_SC_RX 1024 /* enable RX single-copy */ #define ATM_SC_TX 2048 /* enable TX single-copy */ #define ATM_BACKLOG_DEFAULT 32 /* if we get more, we're likely to time out anyway */ /* MF: change_qos (Modify) flags */ #define ATM_MF_IMMED 1 /* Block until change is effective */ #define ATM_MF_INC_RSV 2 /* Change reservation on increase */ #define ATM_MF_INC_SHP 4 /* Change shaping on increase */ #define ATM_MF_DEC_RSV 8 /* Change reservation on decrease */ #define ATM_MF_DEC_SHP 16 /* Change shaping on decrease */ #define ATM_MF_BWD 32 /* Set the backward direction parameters */ #define ATM_MF_SET (ATM_MF_INC_RSV | ATM_MF_INC_SHP | ATM_MF_DEC_RSV | \ ATM_MF_DEC_SHP | ATM_MF_BWD) /* * ATM_VS_* are used to express VC state in a human-friendly way. */ #define ATM_VS_IDLE 0 /* VC is not used */ #define ATM_VS_CONNECTED 1 /* VC is connected */ #define ATM_VS_CLOSING 2 /* VC is closing */ #define ATM_VS_LISTEN 3 /* VC is listening for incoming setups */ #define ATM_VS_INUSE 4 /* VC is in use (registered with atmsigd) */ #define ATM_VS_BOUND 5 /* VC is bound */ #define ATM_VS2TXT_MAP \ "IDLE", "CONNECTED", "CLOSING", "LISTEN", "INUSE", "BOUND" #define ATM_VF2TXT_MAP \ "ADDR", "READY", "PARTIAL", "REGIS", \ "RELEASED", "HASQOS", "LISTEN", "META", \ "256", "512", "1024", "2048", \ "SESSION", "HASSAP", "BOUND", "CLOSE" #endif /* LINUX_ATMDEV_H */

RE-INVENTING THE TELEVISION NEWS BUSINESS*

A revolution in video storytelling

Creating entirely new & cost-effective production methods

From the world leaders in video production training and the creators of Character Driven Storytelling™

*and every other business that uses video

WHAT WE DO

Over the past 35 years, we have designed, built or restructured some of the most powerful news and journalism companies in the world.

We replace the traditional TV news ‘crew’ with one highly trained journalist, working alone with nothing but an iPhone.

No more TV news ‘crews’, no editors and no field producers.

This is television news done the way newspaper journalism is done – one reporter with their electronic pad and pencil.

In doing this, we can cut the cost of production by as much as 75% while increasing ratings and audience engagement.

In the place of conventional TV news ‘packages’ – ie, reporter stand up, interview, b-roll, man on the street, we marry great journalism with Netflix and Hollywood storytelling.

It’s a combination that works.

We have taken most of our clients to #1 in their respective markets.

And it’s not just for news. Any company, any profit, any NGO and anyone else who is online needs to tell their story in compelling yet cost-effective video. We can teach you to do that. Either in person or virtually.

EXAMPLES OF WHAT WE CAN TEACH YOUR STAFF TO PRODUCE

ITAY HOD

Itay Hod, MMJ with KPIX/CBS in San Francisco, took the 5-Day Intensive Video Storytelling Bootcamp in 2018.

Because he works alone, with only an iPhone, he was able to embed himself with a homeless family.

Here’s the story he produced in a one-day turn.

KIET DO

Kiet Do, an MMJ with KPIX/CBS in San Francisco, took the 5-Day Intensive Video Storytelling Bootcamp in 2021.

Here is a story he produced, all on his own, with only an iPhone and in a one-day turn.

TAYLOR SCHAUB

Taylor Schaub, an MMJ with Spectrum News 1 in LA, took the 5-Day Intensive Video Storytelling Bootcamp in 2023.

Here is a story he turned in only one day, using only an iPhone. It was the first video story he ever did and it was nominated for an Emmy.

THE BOOTCAMP

How do we convert stations and whole networks to working in this way?

Since 1988, we have run intensive 5-Day Video Storytelling Bootcamps

We have done these all over the world.

These are hands-on bootcamps, and participants learn an entirely new way of creating TV news stories.

-We shoot at a 3:1 ratio or lower, so turnaround times are fast.

-We go directly from camera to timelilne and edit – no written scripts. We work in the medium of pictures and sound.

-We are entirely character-driven.

-We are driven by pictures and real events.

-We are focused almost entirely on ’the viewer experience’.

Since 1988, more than 70,000 journalists around the world have taken our bootcamps, either in person on virtualy.

Case Studies

CBS News

We have started to work with CBS News, bringing our ideas of character-driven storytelling to one of the most successful and biggest networks in the United States. Since beginning to work with them ratings have climbed and more importantly, audience engagement is through the ceiling.

Learn More

New York Times Television

We started New York Times Television in 1990 and it was the first paper to be brought into the world of TV. It quickly became one of the most successful non-fiction production companies in the United States. The series and documentaries we produced won many awards including multiple Emmys.

Learn More

The BBC

We have been working with the BBC since the year 2000 helping to convert their national news network to our visual storytelling technique. Most recently we have trained teams from their sports, documentaries, and comedy divisions to make character-driven stories using only smartphones.

Learn More

Spectrum News

For the past five years we have worked with Spectrum News to introduce and train their journalists on visual, character driven storytelling using smartphones helping to create a different kind of local news for their network of 24-Hour News Stations across the United States.

Learn More

The United Nations

In 2006, we were approached by the United Nations. Rather than rely on news outlets, it would be much easier to train the field operatives to produce their own stories. We spent two years working with the UN, training more than 100 of their staff in bootcamps in Geneva and Nairobi.

Learn More

The Newark Star-Ledger

We trained 50 print reporters at the paper to shoot and tell their own stories, in conjunction with their print work. We built a TV newsroom in their existing print newsroom – you could not ask for a better set and they began to live stream their stories in conjunction with their print work.

Learn More

Mcgraw Hill

We spent two years with McGraw Hill, training more than 150 of their staffers, making them completely video literate. McGraw/Hill media properties we transit included Business Week, Aviation Week, (what was the name of the architecture magazine), and JD Power and Associates.

Learn More

Voice of America

In 1990, we were approached by The Voice of America, the official broadcasting agency for the United States Government. When we met with VOA, they were only a short wave radio broadcaster, but working with them, we took them into television, launching VOA-TV.

Learn More

Oyster Yachts

British based Oyster Yachts makes some of the finest yachts in the world. Like every other company, they had to find a way to feed the never-ending video demands of social media – sites like Instagram and TikTok. We trained the Oyster staff to tell their own stories, using only iPhones.

Learn More

Scottish Environmental Protection Agency

We were approached by SEPA, the Scottish Environmental Protection Agency because they had to continually find a way to ‘feed the media beast’. The result was that SEPA was able to tell their own stories, whenever they wanted, and at almost no additional cost.

Learn More

Michael on Media

Michael Rosenblum has been writing about the media since 1988. His work and ideas have appeared in The Guardian, The Huffington Post, Ilkeston Life and many other publications.

He has been blogging regularly for the past 35 years on this subject. Having taught media studies at Columbia University, NYU and now the University of Oxford, he is considered an expert on this subject.

Continue reading this post or look back at previous posts.

Do You Have Questions About Learning Video Skills?

If you would like to know more about our courses contact us and one of our training advisors will be happy to call you.

Your IP : 216.73.216.30

RE-INVENTING THE TELEVISION NEWS BUSINESS*

A revolution in video storytelling

Creating entirely new & cost-effective production methods

From the world leaders in video production training and the creators of Character Driven Storytelling™

*and every other business that uses video

WHAT WE DO

Over the past 35 years, we have designed, built or restructured some of the most powerful news and journalism companies in the world.

We replace the traditional TV news ‘crew’ with one highly trained journalist, working alone with nothing but an iPhone.

No more TV news ‘crews’, no editors and no field producers.

This is television news done the way newspaper journalism is done – one reporter with their electronic pad and pencil.

In doing this, we can cut the cost of production by as much as 75% while increasing ratings and audience engagement.

In the place of conventional TV news ‘packages’ – ie, reporter stand up, interview, b-roll, man on the street, we marry great journalism with Netflix and Hollywood storytelling.

It’s a combination that works.

We have taken most of our clients to #1 in their respective markets.

And it’s not just for news. Any company, any profit, any NGO and anyone else who is online needs to tell their story in compelling yet cost-effective video. We can teach you to do that. Either in person or virtually.

EXAMPLES OF WHAT WE CAN TEACH YOUR STAFF TO PRODUCE

ITAY HOD

Itay Hod, MMJ with KPIX/CBS in San Francisco, took the 5-Day Intensive Video Storytelling Bootcamp in 2018.

Because he works alone, with only an iPhone, he was able to embed himself with a homeless family.

Here’s the story he produced in a one-day turn.

KIET DO

Kiet Do, an MMJ with KPIX/CBS in San Francisco, took the 5-Day Intensive Video Storytelling Bootcamp in 2021.

Here is a story he produced, all on his own, with only an iPhone and in a one-day turn.

TAYLOR SCHAUB

Taylor Schaub, an MMJ with Spectrum News 1 in LA, took the 5-Day Intensive Video Storytelling Bootcamp in 2023.

Here is a story he turned in only one day, using only an iPhone. It was the first video story he ever did and it was nominated for an Emmy.

THE BOOTCAMP

How do we convert stations and whole networks to working in this way?

Since 1988, we have run intensive 5-Day Video Storytelling Bootcamps

We have done these all over the world.

These are hands-on bootcamps, and participants learn an entirely new way of creating TV news stories.

-We shoot at a 3:1 ratio or lower, so turnaround times are fast.

-We go directly from camera to timelilne and edit – no written scripts. We work in the medium of pictures and sound.

-We are entirely character-driven.

-We are driven by pictures and real events.

-We are focused almost entirely on ’the viewer experience’.

Since 1988, more than 70,000 journalists around the world have taken our bootcamps, either in person on virtualy.

Case Studies

CBS News

New York Times Television

The BBC

Spectrum News

The United Nations

The Newark Star-Ledger

Mcgraw Hill

Voice of America

Oyster Yachts

Scottish Environmental Protection Agency

Michael on Media