#!/usr/local/cpanel/3rdparty/bin/perl
# cpanel - scripts/manage_greylisting Copyright 2022 cPanel, L.L.C.
# All rights reserved.
# copyright@cpanel.net http://cpanel.net
# This code is subject to the cPanel license. Unauthorized copying is prohibited
package scripts::manage_greylisting;
use strict;
use Try::Tiny;
use Getopt::Long ();
use Cpanel::JSON ();
use Cpanel::ForkAsync ();
use Cpanel::SafeDir::MK ();
use Cpanel::IP::GreyList ();
use Cpanel::LoadModule ();
use Cpanel::GreyList::DB ();
use Cpanel::GreyList::Client ();
use Cpanel::GreyList::Config ();
use Cpanel::GreyList::CommonMailProviders ();
exit run(@ARGV) unless caller();
sub run {
my @cmdline_args = @_;
return usage(1) if !@cmdline_args;
unless ( $> == 0 && $< == 0 ) {
return usage( 1, "[!] This program can only be run by root!\n" );
}
my $opts = {};
Getopt::Long::GetOptionsFromArray(
\@cmdline_args,
'init|initialize' => \$opts->{'initialize'},
'reset' => \$opts->{'reset'},
'help|h' => \$opts->{'help'},
'trust|t=s@' => \$opts->{'trust_common'},
'import|import_trusted_hosts=s' => \$opts->{'import_trusted_hosts'},
'export|export_trusted_hosts' => \$opts->{'export_trusted_hosts'},
'export_to=s' => \$opts->{'export_to'},
'update_common_mail_providers' => \$opts->{'update_common_mail_providers'},
'force' => \$opts->{'force'},
);
return usage(0) if $opts->{'help'};
my $conf_dir = Cpanel::GreyList::Config::get_conf_dir();
if ( !-d $conf_dir ) {
require File::Path;
File::Path::make_path($conf_dir);
}
my ( $opts_passed, $exit_code );
if ( $opts->{'initialize'} || $opts->{'reset'} ) {
$exit_code += initialize_db( $opts->{'reset'} );
$opts->{'update_common_mail_providers'} = 1;
$opts_passed++;
}
if ( $opts->{'import_trusted_hosts'} ) {
_ensure_db_is_initialized();
return import_trusted_hosts( $opts->{'import_trusted_hosts'} );
}
if ( $opts->{'export_trusted_hosts'} ) {
_ensure_db_is_initialized();
return export_trusted_hosts( $opts->{'export_to'} );
}
if ( $opts->{'update_common_mail_providers'} ) {
_ensure_db_is_initialized();
$exit_code += update_common_mail_providers( $opts->{'force'} );
$opts_passed++;
}
if ( ref $opts->{'trust_common'} eq 'ARRAY' && scalar @{ $opts->{'trust_common'} } ) {
_ensure_db_is_initialized();
$exit_code += trust_common_email_service( $opts->{'trust_common'} );
$opts_passed++;
}
return ( $exit_code ? 1 : 0 ) if $opts_passed;
return usage(1);
}
sub initialize_db {
my $force = shift;
my $action = "Initializing";
my $saved_trusted_hosts;
if ($force) {
$action = "Resetting";
$saved_trusted_hosts = _save_trusted_hosts();
}
print "[*] $action database for the cPanel Greylist service.\n";
Cpanel::SafeDir::MK::safemkdir( Cpanel::GreyList::Config::get_conf_dir() ) if !-d Cpanel::GreyList::Config::get_conf_dir();
my $success = 0;
try {
my $db_obj = Cpanel::GreyList::DB->new( Cpanel::GreyList::Config::get_sqlite_db() );
$success = $db_obj->initialize_db($force);
}
catch {
print "[!] $action database failed: $_\n";
};
return 1 if !$success;
print "[+] $action database successfully completed.\n";
_restore_trusted_hosts($saved_trusted_hosts) if $saved_trusted_hosts;
if ( Cpanel::GreyList::Config::is_enabled() ) {
Cpanel::LoadModule::load_perl_module('Cpanel::ServerTasks');
print "[*] Restarting cPGreyListd service …";
Cpanel::ServerTasks::queue_task( ['CpServicesTasks'], "restartsrv cpgreylistd" );
print " Done.\n";
}
return;
}
sub trust_common_email_service {
my $trust_email_services = shift;
print "[*] Updating Trusted Hosts List …\n";
my $client = Cpanel::GreyList::Client->new();
$client->{'disabled'} = 0;
my $providers_in_db = Cpanel::GreyList::Client->new()->get_common_mail_providers();
foreach my $common_service ( @{$trust_email_services} ) {
if ( not exists $providers_in_db->{$common_service} ) {
print "\t[!] Skipping '$common_service'. This email service is not registered, and cannot be trusted via this script. Add the IP address ranges for this email service manually via the WHM interface.\n";
next;
}
try {
if ( my $ips_trusted = $client->trust_entries_for_common_mail_provider($common_service) ) {
print "\t[+] $ips_trusted IP(s)for '$common_service'\n";
}
}
catch {
print "\t[!] Failed to trust IP(s) for '$common_service': $_\n";
};
}
print "[+] Updated Trusted Hosts List.\n";
return;
}
sub update_common_mail_providers {
my $force = shift;
if ( !Cpanel::GreyList::Config::is_enabled() && !$force ) {
print "[!] Greylisting is disabled. Skipping common mail providers update.\n";
return;
}
print "[*] Updating Common Mail Providers List …\n";
my $return_code = try {
my $json_data = Cpanel::GreyList::CommonMailProviders::fetch_latest_data();
my $json_create_time = delete $json_data->{'create_time'};
my $config = Cpanel::GreyList::Config::load_common_mail_providers_config( { map { $_ => 1 } keys %{$json_data} } );
my $client = Cpanel::GreyList::Client->new();
$client->{'disabled'} = 0;
my $providers_in_db = $client->get_common_mail_providers();
my $renamed = 0;
foreach my $new_key ( sort keys %{$json_data} ) {
# Do not rename an existing provider if the new provider already exists in the DB.
next if exists $providers_in_db->{$new_key};
next unless my $old_keys_ar = $json_data->{$new_key}->{'renamed_from'};
# Only rename the first existing provider match if there are multiple.
next unless my $old_key = ( grep { exists $providers_in_db->{$_} } @{$old_keys_ar} )[0];
print "[*] Renaming '$old_key' to '$new_key' …\n";
$client->rename_mail_provider( $old_key, $new_key );
$config->{$new_key} = delete $config->{$old_key} // 1;
$renamed = 1;
print "[+] Renamed '$old_key' to '$new_key'.\n";
}
if ($renamed) {
$providers_in_db = $client->get_common_mail_providers();
Cpanel::GreyList::Config::save_common_mail_providers_config( { map { $_ => 1 } keys %{$config} }, $config );
}
# Remove any/all providers that were removed from the list
my @providers_to_remove = grep { not exists $json_data->{$_} } keys %{$providers_in_db};
foreach my $provider (@providers_to_remove) {
print "[*] Removing '$provider' …\n";
my $ips_for_provider = $client->list_entries_for_common_mail_provider($provider);
$client->remove_mail_provider($provider);
send_removal_notification( $providers_in_db->{$provider}->{'display_name'}, [ map { $_->{'host_ip'} } @{$ips_for_provider} ] );
print "[+] Removed '$provider'\n";
}
foreach my $provider ( keys %{$json_data} ) {
my $newly_added = 0;
if ( !exists $providers_in_db->{$provider} ) {
$client->add_mail_provider( $provider, $json_data->{$provider}->{'display_name'}, $json_create_time );
$newly_added = 1;
}
else {
# If an existing provider's display_name has changed, then update it.
my $latest_display_name = $json_data->{$provider}->{'display_name'};
my $existing_display_name = $providers_in_db->{$provider}->{'display_name'};
if ( $existing_display_name ne $latest_display_name ) {
print "[*] Changing name of '$provider' from '$existing_display_name' to '$latest_display_name' …\n";
$client->update_display_name_for_mail_provider( $provider, $latest_display_name );
print "[+] Changed name of '$provider' from '$existing_display_name' to '$latest_display_name'.\n";
}
}
# If the provider is not marked for autoupdating, then skip it.
if ( exists $config->{$provider} && !$config->{$provider} ) {
print "[*] Skipping $provider per configuration …\n";
next;
}
if ( !$force && ( $providers_in_db->{$provider}->{'last_updated'} || 0 ) >= $json_create_time ) {
print "[*] No update necessary for '$provider'.\n";
next;
}
print "[*] Updating $provider …\n";
$client->delete_entries_for_common_mail_provider($provider);
$client->add_entries_for_common_mail_provider( $provider, $json_data->{$provider}->{'ips'} );
$client->bump_last_updated_for_mail_provider( $provider, $json_create_time );
if ( $providers_in_db->{$provider}->{'is_trusted'} || ( $newly_added && $config->{'autotrust_new_common_mail_providers'} ) ) {
print "[*] Marking $provider as a trusted Mail Provider …\n";
$client->trust_entries_for_common_mail_provider($provider);
}
}
Cpanel::ForkAsync::do_in_child(
sub {
Cpanel::IP::GreyList::update_common_mail_providers_or_log(); # Its ok if this fails, it just means they will get a 20s connect delay if enabled.
}
);
print "[+] Updated Common Mail Providers list.\n";
return 0; ## no critic (TryTiny::ProhibitExitingSubroutine)
}
catch {
print "[!] Failed to update Common Mail Providers list: $_\n";
return 1;
};
return $return_code;
}
sub import_trusted_hosts {
my $input_file = shift;
if ( !Cpanel::GreyList::Config::is_enabled() ) {
print "[!] Greylisting is disabled\n";
return;
}
my $input_file_fh;
if ( !open( $input_file_fh, '<', $input_file ) ) {
print "[!] Failed to read '$input_file': $!\n";
return 1;
}
my ( $json, $error );
try {
$json = Cpanel::JSON::LoadFile( $input_file_fh, $input_file );
}
catch {
$error = $_;
};
if ( !$json || ref $json ne 'HASH' ) {
print "[!] Failed to read '$input_file': Invalid JSON data.\n";
print "[!] Error: $error\n" if $error;
return 1;
}
print "[*] Importing cPGreylist Trusted Hosts:\n\n";
my $client = Cpanel::GreyList::Client->new();
foreach my $trusted_host ( keys %{$json} ) {
try {
$client->create_trusted_host( $trusted_host, $json->{$trusted_host} );
print "[+] Added '$trusted_host' to Trusted Hosts List.\n";
}
catch {
print "[!] Failed to add '$trusted_host' to the Trusted Hosts List: $_\n";
};
}
return 0;
}
sub export_trusted_hosts {
my $output_file = shift;
if ( !Cpanel::GreyList::Config::is_enabled() ) {
print "[!] Greylisting is disabled\n";
return;
}
print STDERR "[*] Exporting cPGreylist Trusted Hosts:\n\n";
my $output_fh;
if ($output_file) {
if ( !open( $output_fh, '>', $output_file ) ) {
print "[!] Failed to open '$output_file' for writing: $!\n";
return 1;
}
print STDERR "[*] Saving to '$output_file'\n";
}
my $error;
try {
my $client = Cpanel::GreyList::Client->new();
my $output = {};
foreach my $trusted_host ( @{ $client->read_trusted_hosts() } ) {
$output->{ $trusted_host->{'host_ip'} } = $trusted_host->{'comment'};
}
print { $output_fh ? $output_fh : \*STDOUT } Cpanel::JSON::pretty_dump($output);
}
catch {
print "[!] Failed to export Trusted Hosts: $_\n";
$error++;
};
return 1 if $error;
return 0;
}
sub _ensure_db_is_initialized {
if ( !-s Cpanel::GreyList::Config::get_sqlite_db() ) {
print "[!] SQLite Database for the cPanel Greylist service is not initialized...\n";
initialize_db();
}
return 1;
}
sub _save_trusted_hosts {
my $saved_trusted_hosts = [];
return if !Cpanel::GreyList::Config::is_enabled();
print "[*] Saving current Trusted Hosts List …\n";
my $success = 0;
try {
my $client = Cpanel::GreyList::Client->new();
$saved_trusted_hosts = $client->read_trusted_hosts();
die "Failed to read Trusted Hosts List\n" if !( $saved_trusted_hosts && 'ARRAY' eq ref $saved_trusted_hosts );
$success = 1;
}
catch {
print "[!] Failed to save current Trusted Hosts List: $_\n";
};
return if !$success;
print "[+] Saved " . scalar @{$saved_trusted_hosts} . " entries from the Trusted Host List.\n";
return $saved_trusted_hosts;
}
sub _restore_trusted_hosts {
my $saved_trusted_hosts = shift;
print "[*] Restoring saved Trusted Hosts List …\n";
my $success = 0;
try {
my $client = Cpanel::GreyList::Client->new();
foreach my $entry ( @{$saved_trusted_hosts} ) {
$client->create_trusted_host( $entry->{'host_ip'}, $entry->{'comment'} );
}
$success = 1;
}
catch {
print "[!] Failed to restore Trusted Hosts List: $_\n";
};
return if !$success;
print "[+] Restored " . scalar @{$saved_trusted_hosts} . " entries to the Trusted Host List.\n";
return $saved_trusted_hosts;
}
sub usage {
my ( $retval, $msg ) = @_;
my $fh = $retval ? \*STDERR : \*STDOUT;
if ( !defined $msg ) {
$msg = <<USAGE;
$0
Utility to manage the cPanel Greylist service. Available options:
--init => Initialize the SQLite DB with the basic data structure as needed.
--reset => Forceably reset the DB.
Note: This will attempt to preserve the Trusted Hosts List, if the greylisting service is enabled on the server.
--trust => Trust the IPs for the common email services specified. Specify this switch more than once to trust multiple services at the same time.
The following common services are recognized by this script:
COMMON_EMAIL_SERVICES
--import => [/path/to/json/file]
Imports the Trusted Hosts contained in the specified JSON file:
$0 --import import.json
--export => Export the current Trusted Hosts List.
To export the list to a file, specify the 'export_to' switch:
$0 --export --export_to export.json
Or redirect stdout:
$0 --export > export.json
--update_common_mail_providers => Update the Common Mail Provider data in the database.
Fetches the latest data from a cPanel update mirror, and updates the database
based on current Common Mail Provider configuration.
You can specify '--force', in order to forceably update the IP data in the database.
The SQLite file is located at: ${ \Cpanel::GreyList::Config::get_sqlite_db() }.
USAGE
my $providers_in_db = Cpanel::GreyList::Client->new()->get_common_mail_providers();
my $common_email_services_str = join( "\n", map { "\t\t\t$_" } ( sort keys %{$providers_in_db} ) );
$msg =~ s/COMMON_EMAIL_SERVICES/$common_email_services_str/;
}
print {$fh} $msg;
return $retval;
}
sub send_removal_notification {
my ( $provider, $ips_ar ) = @_;
require Cpanel::Notify;
Cpanel::Notify::notification_class(
'class' => 'Greylist::CommonProviderRemoval',
'application' => 'Greylist::CommonProviderRemoval',
'constructor_args' => [
'origin' => 'manage_greylisting',
'provider_removed' => $provider,
'provider_ips' => $ips_ar,
]
);
return;
}
Rosenblum TV: Video training, virtual workshops, classes, tutorials
RE-INVENTING THE TELEVISION NEWS BUSINESS*
A revolution in video storytelling
Creating entirely new & cost-effective production methods
From the world leaders in video production training and the creators of Character Driven Storytelling™
*and every other business that uses video
WHAT WE DO
Over the past 35 years, we have designed, built or restructured some of the most powerful news and journalism companies in the world.
We replace the traditional TV news ‘crew’ with one highly trained journalist, working alone with nothing but an iPhone.
No more TV news ‘crews’, no editors and no field producers.
This is television news done the way newspaper journalism is done – one reporter with their electronic pad and pencil.
In doing this, we can cut the cost of production by as much as 75% while increasing ratings and audience engagement.
In the place of conventional TV news ‘packages’ – ie, reporter stand up, interview, b-roll, man on the street, we marry great journalism with Netflix and Hollywood storytelling.
It’s a combination that works.
We have taken most of our clients to #1 in their respective markets.
And it’s not just for news. Any company, any profit, any NGO and anyone else who is online needs to tell their story in compelling yet cost-effective video. We can teach you to do that. Either in person or virtually.
EXAMPLES OF WHAT WE CAN TEACH YOUR STAFF TO PRODUCE
ITAY HOD
Itay Hod, MMJ with KPIX/CBS in San Francisco, took the 5-Day Intensive Video Storytelling Bootcamp in 2018.
Because he works alone, with only an iPhone, he was able to embed himself with a homeless family.
Here’s the story he produced in a one-day turn.
KIET DO
Kiet Do, an MMJ with KPIX/CBS in San Francisco, took the 5-Day Intensive Video Storytelling Bootcamp in 2021.
Here is a story he produced, all on his own, with only an iPhone and in a one-day turn.
TAYLOR SCHAUB
Taylor Schaub, an MMJ with Spectrum News 1 in LA, took the 5-Day Intensive Video Storytelling Bootcamp in 2023.
Here is a story he turned in only one day, using only an iPhone. It was the first video story he ever did and it was nominated for an Emmy.
THE BOOTCAMP
How do we convert stations and whole networks to working in this way?
Since 1988, we have run intensive 5-Day Video Storytelling Bootcamps
We have done these all over the world.
These are hands-on bootcamps, and participants learn an entirely new way of creating TV news stories.
-We shoot at a 3:1 ratio or lower, so turnaround times are fast.
-We go directly from camera to timelilne and edit – no written scripts. We work in the medium of pictures and sound.
-We are entirely character-driven.
-We are driven by pictures and real events.
-We are focused almost entirely on ’the viewer experience’.
Since 1988, more than 70,000 journalists around the world have taken our bootcamps, either in person on virtualy.
We have started to work with CBS News, bringing our ideas of character-driven storytelling to one of the most successful and biggest networks in the United States. Since beginning to work with them ratings have climbed and more importantly, audience engagement is through the ceiling.
We started New York Times Television in 1990 and it was the first paper to be brought into the world of TV. It quickly became one of the most successful non-fiction production companies in the United States. The series and documentaries we produced won many awards including multiple Emmys.
We have been working with the BBC since the year 2000 helping to convert their national news network to our visual storytelling technique. Most recently we have trained teams from their sports, documentaries, and comedy divisions to make character-driven stories using only smartphones.
For the past five years we have worked with Spectrum News to introduce and train their journalists on visual, character driven storytelling using smartphones helping to create a different kind of local news for their network of 24-Hour News Stations across the United States.
In 2006, we were approached by the United Nations. Rather than rely on news outlets, it would be much easier to train the field operatives to produce their own stories. We spent two years working with the UN, training more than 100 of their staff in bootcamps in Geneva and Nairobi.
We trained 50 print reporters at the paper to shoot and tell their own stories, in conjunction with their print work. We built a TV newsroom in their existing print newsroom – you could not ask for a better set and they began to live stream their stories in conjunction with their print work.
We spent two years with McGraw Hill, training more than 150 of their staffers, making them completely video literate. McGraw/Hill media properties we transit included Business Week, Aviation Week, (what was the name of the architecture magazine), and JD Power and Associates.
In 1990, we were approached by The Voice of America, the official broadcasting agency for the United States Government. When we met with VOA, they were only a short wave radio broadcaster, but working with them, we took them into television, launching VOA-TV.
British based Oyster Yachts makes some of the finest yachts in the world. Like every other company, they had to find a way to feed the never-ending video demands of social media – sites like Instagram and TikTok. We trained the Oyster staff to tell their own stories, using only iPhones.
We were approached by SEPA, the Scottish Environmental Protection Agency because they had to continually find a way to ‘feed the media beast’. The result was that SEPA was able to tell their own stories, whenever they wanted, and at almost no additional cost.
Michael Rosenblum has been writing about the media since 1988. His work and ideas have appeared in The Guardian, The Huffington Post, Ilkeston Life and many other publications.
He has been blogging regularly for the past 35 years on this subject. Having taught media studies at Columbia University, NYU and now the University of Oxford, he is considered an expert on this subject.
Continue reading this post or look back at previous posts.
