#!/bin/bash --norc # New mkdumprd # # Copyright 2011 Red Hat, Inc. # # Written by Cong Wang <amwang@redhat.com> # . /lib/kdump/kdump-lib.sh export IN_KDUMP=1 conf_file="/etc/kdump.conf" SSH_KEY_LOCATION="/root/.ssh/kdump_id_rsa" SAVE_PATH=$(grep ^path $conf_file| cut -d' ' -f2) [ -z "$SAVE_PATH" ] && SAVE_PATH=$DEFAULT_PATH # strip the duplicated "/" SAVE_PATH=$(echo $SAVE_PATH | tr -s /) is_wdt_addition_needed() { local active is_wdt_mod_omitted [[ $? -eq 0 ]] && return 1 [[ -d /sys/class/watchdog/ ]] || return 1 for dir in /sys/class/watchdog/*; do [[ -f "$dir/state" ]] || continue active=$(< "$dir/state") [[ "$active" = "active" ]] && return 0 done return 1 } WDTCFG="" is_wdt_addition_needed [[ $? -eq 0 ]] && WDTCFG="-a watchdog" extra_modules="" if has_hpwdt; then extra_modules=hpwdt fi dracut_args=("--quiet" "--hostonly" "--hostonly-cmdline" "--hostonly-i18n" "--hostonly-mode" "strict" "-o" "plymouth dash resume ifcfg" $WDTCFG) OVERRIDE_RESETTABLE=0 add_dracut_arg() { local arg qarg is_quoted=0 while [ $# -gt 0 ]; do arg="${1//\'/\"}" #Handle quoted substring properly for passing it to dracut_args array. if [ $is_quoted -eq 0 ]; then if [[ "$arg" == "\"" ]] || [[ $arg != ${arg#\"} ]]; then is_quoted=1 arg=${arg#\"} fi fi if [ $is_quoted -eq 1 ]; then qarg="$qarg $arg" if [[ "$arg" == "\"" ]] || [[ $arg != ${arg%\"} ]]; then is_quoted=0 arg=${qarg%\"} qarg="" else shift continue fi fi dracut_args+=("$arg") shift done } add_dracut_module() { add_dracut_arg "--add" "$1" } add_dracut_mount() { add_dracut_arg "--mount" "$1" } add_dracut_sshkey() { add_dracut_arg "--sshkey" "$1" } # Generic substring function. If $2 is in $1, return 0. strstr() { [[ $1 =~ $2 ]]; } # caller should ensure $1 is valid and mounted in 1st kernel to_mount() { local _dev=$1 _source _target _fstype _options _mntopts _pdev _source=$(findmnt -k -f -n -r -o SOURCE $_dev) _target=$(get_mntpoint_from_target $_dev) # mount under /sysroot if dump to root disk or mount under #/kdumproot/$_target in other cases in 2nd kernel. systemd #will be in charge to umount it. if [ "$_target" = "/" ];then _target="/sysroot" else _target="/kdumproot/$_target" fi _fstype=$(findmnt -k -f -n -r -o FSTYPE $_dev) [[ -e /etc/fstab ]] && _options=$(findmnt --fstab -f -n -r -o OPTIONS $_dev) [ -z "$_options" ] && _options=$(findmnt -k -f -n -r -o OPTIONS $_dev) # mount fs target as rw in 2nd kernel _options=$(echo $_options | sed 's/$^\|,$ro$$\|,$/\1rw\2/g') # with 'noauto' in fstab nfs and non-root disk mount will fail in 2nd # kernel, filter it out here. _options=$(echo $_options | sed 's/$^\|,$noauto$$\|,$/\1/g') # drop nofail or nobootwait _options=$(echo $_options | sed 's/$^\|,$nofail$$\|,$/\1/g') _options=$(echo $_options | sed 's/$^\|,$nobootwait$$\|,$/\1/g') _mntopts="$_target $_fstype $_options" #for non-nfs _dev converting to use udev persistent name if [ -b "$_source" ]; then _pdev="$(kdump_get_persistent_dev $_source $_fstype)" if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then return 1 fi else _pdev=$_dev fi echo "$_pdev $_mntopts" } is_readonly_mount() { local _mnt _mnt=$(findmnt -k -f -n -r -o OPTIONS $1) #fs/proc_namespace.c: show_mountinfo(): #seq_puts(m, mnt->mnt_flags & MNT_READONLY ? " ro" : " rw"); [[ "$_mnt" =~ ^ro ]] } #Function: get_ssh_size #$1=dump target #called from while loop and shouldn't read from stdin, so we're using "ssh -n" get_ssh_size() { local _opt _out _size _opt="-i $SSH_KEY_LOCATION -o BatchMode=yes -o StrictHostKeyChecking=yes" _out=$(ssh -q -n $_opt $1 "df -P $SAVE_PATH") [ $? -ne 0 ] && { perror_exit "checking remote ssh server available size failed." } #ssh output removed the line break, so print field NF-2 _size=$(echo -n $_out| awk '{avail=NF-2; print $avail}') echo -n $_size } #mkdir if save path does not exist on ssh dump target #$1=ssh dump target #caller should ensure write permission on $1:$SAVE_PATH #called from while loop and shouldn't read from stdin, so we're using "ssh -n" mkdir_save_path_ssh() { local _opt _dir _opt="-i $SSH_KEY_LOCATION -o BatchMode=yes -o StrictHostKeyChecking=yes" ssh -qn $_opt $1 mkdir -p $SAVE_PATH 2>&1 > /dev/null _ret=$? if [ $_ret -ne 0 ]; then perror_exit "mkdir failed on $1:$SAVE_PATH" fi #check whether user has write permission on $1:$SAVE_PATH _dir=$(ssh -qn $_opt $1 mktemp -dqp $SAVE_PATH 2>/dev/null) _ret=$? if [ $_ret -ne 0 ]; then perror_exit "Could not create temporary directory on $1:$SAVE_PATH. Make sure user has write permission on destination" fi ssh -qn $_opt $1 rmdir $_dir return 0 } #Function: get_fs_size #$1=dump target get_fs_size() { local _mnt=$(get_mntpoint_from_target $1) echo -n $(df -P "${_mnt}/$SAVE_PATH"|tail -1|awk '{print $4}') } #Function: get_raw_size #$1=dump target get_raw_size() { echo -n $(fdisk -s "$1") } #Function: check_size #$1: dump type string ('raw', 'fs', 'ssh') #$2: dump target check_size() { local avail memtotal memtotal=$(awk '/MemTotal/{print $2}' /proc/meminfo) case "$1" in raw) avail=$(get_raw_size "$2") ;; ssh) avail=$(get_ssh_size "$2") ;; fs) avail=$(get_fs_size "$2") ;; *) return esac if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then perror_exit "Check dump target size failed" fi if [ $avail -lt $memtotal ]; then echo "Warning: There might not be enough space to save a vmcore." echo " The size of $2 should be greater than $memtotal kilo bytes." fi } # $1: core_collector config value verify_core_collector() { if grep -q "^raw" $conf_file && [ "${1%% *}" != "makedumpfile" ]; then echo "Warning: specifying a non-makedumpfile core collector, you will have to recover the vmcore manually." fi if is_ssh_dump_target || is_raw_dump_target; then if [ "${1%% *}" = "makedumpfile" ]; then ! strstr "$1" "-F" && { perror_exit "The specified dump target needs makedumpfile \"-F\" option." } fi fi } add_mount() { local _mnt=$(to_mount "$1") if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then exit 1 fi add_dracut_mount "$_mnt" } # get_maj_min <device> # Prints the major and minor of a device node. # Example: # $ get_maj_min /dev/sda2 # 8:2 get_maj_min() { local _dev _dev=$(stat -L -c '$((0x%t)):$((0x%T))' "$1" 2>/dev/null) _dev=$(eval "echo $_dev") echo $_dev } # ugly workaround for the lvm design # There is no volume group device, # so, there are no slave devices for volume groups. # Logical volumes only have the slave devices they really live on, # but you cannot create the logical volume without the volume group. # And the volume group might be bigger than the devices the LV needs. check_vol_slaves() { local _lv _vg _pv for i in /dev/mapper/*; do _lv=$(get_maj_min $i) if [[ $_lv = $2 ]]; then _vg=$(lvm lvs --noheadings -o vg_name $i 2>/dev/null) # strip space _vg=$(echo $_vg) if [[ $_vg ]]; then for _pv in $(lvm vgs --noheadings -o pv_name "$_vg" 2>/dev/null) do check_block_and_slaves $1 $(get_maj_min $_pv) && return 0 done fi fi done return 1 } # Walk all the slave relationships for a given block device. # Stop when our helper function returns success # $1 = function to call on every found block device # $2 = block device in major:minor format check_block_and_slaves() { local _x [[ -b /dev/block/$2 ]] || return 1 # Not a block device? So sorry. "$1" $2 && return check_vol_slaves "$@" && return 0 if [[ -f /sys/dev/block/$2/../dev ]]; then check_block_and_slaves $1 $(cat "/sys/dev/block/$2/../dev") && return 0 fi [[ -d /sys/dev/block/$2/slaves ]] || return 1 for _x in /sys/dev/block/$2/slaves/*/dev; do [[ -f $_x ]] || continue check_block_and_slaves $1 $(cat "$_x") && return 0 done return 1 } #handle the case user does not specify the dump target explicitly handle_default_dump_target() { local _target local _mntpoint is_user_configured_dump_target && return check_save_path_fs $SAVE_PATH _mntpoint=$(get_mntpoint_from_path $SAVE_PATH) _target=$(get_target_from_path $SAVE_PATH) if is_atomic && is_bind_mount $_mntpoint; then SAVE_PATH=${SAVE_PATH##"$_mntpoint"} # the real dump path in the 2nd kernel, if the mount point is bind mounted. SAVE_PATH=$(get_bind_mount_directory $_mntpoint)/$SAVE_PATH _mntpoint=$(get_mntpoint_from_target $_target) # the absolute path in the 1st kernel SAVE_PATH=$_mntpoint/$SAVE_PATH fi SAVE_PATH=${SAVE_PATH##"$_mntpoint"} add_mount "$_target" check_size fs $_target } get_override_resettable() { local override_resettable override_resettable=$(grep "^override_resettable" $conf_file) if [ -n "$override_resettable" ]; then OVERRIDE_RESETTABLE=$(echo $override_resettable | cut -d' ' -f2) if [ "$OVERRIDE_RESETTABLE" != "0" ] && [ "$OVERRIDE_RESETTABLE" != "1" ];then perror_exit "override_resettable value $OVERRIDE_RESETTABLE is invalid" fi fi } # $1: function name for_each_block_target() { local dev majmin for dev in $(get_kdump_targets); do [ -b "$dev" ] || continue majmin=$(get_maj_min $dev) check_block_and_slaves $1 $majmin && return 1 done return 0 } #judge if a specific device with $1 is unresettable #return false if unresettable. is_unresettable() { local path="/sys/$(udevadm info --query=all --path=/sys/dev/block/$1 | awk '/^P:/ {print $2}' | sed -e 's/$cciss[0-9]\+\/$.*/\1/g' -e 's/\/block\/.*$//')/resettable" local resettable=1 if [ -f "$path" ] then resettable="$(cat $path)" [ $resettable -eq 0 -a "$OVERRIDE_RESETTABLE" -eq 0 ] && { local device=$(udevadm info --query=all --path=/sys/dev/block/$1 | awk -F= '/DEVNAME/{print $2}') echo "Error: Can not save vmcore because device $device is unresettable" return 0 } fi return 1 } #check if machine is resettable. #return true if resettable check_resettable() { local _ret _target get_override_resettable for_each_block_target is_unresettable _ret=$? [ $_ret -eq 0 ] && return return 1 } # $1: maj:min is_crypt() { local majmin=$1 dev line ID_FS_TYPE="" line=$(udevadm info --query=property --path=/sys/dev/block/$majmin \ | grep "^ID_FS_TYPE") eval "$line" [[ "$ID_FS_TYPE" = "crypto_LUKS" ]] && { dev=$(udevadm info --query=all --path=/sys/dev/block/$majmin | awk -F= '/DEVNAME/{print $2}') echo "Device $dev is encrypted." return 0 } return 1 } check_crypt() { local _ret _target for_each_block_target is_crypt _ret=$? [ $_ret -eq 0 ] && return return 1 } if ! check_resettable; then exit 1 fi if ! check_crypt; then echo "Warning: Encrypted device is in dump path. User will prompted for password during second kernel boot." fi # firstly get right SSH_KEY_LOCATION keyfile=$(awk '/^sshkey/ {print $2}' $conf_file) if [ -f "$keyfile" ]; then # canonicalize the path SSH_KEY_LOCATION=$(/usr/bin/readlink -m $keyfile) fi if [ "$(uname -m)" = "s390x" ]; then add_dracut_module "znet" fi while read config_opt config_val; do # remove inline comments after the end of a directive. case "$config_opt" in extra_modules) extra_modules="$extra_modules $config_val" ;; ext[234]|xfs|btrfs|minix|nfs) if ! findmnt $config_val >/dev/null; then perror_exit "Dump target $config_val is probably not mounted." fi _absolute_save_path=$(make_absolute_save_path $config_val) _mntpoint=$(get_mntpoint_from_path $_absolute_save_path) if is_atomic && is_bind_mount $_mntpoint; then SAVE_PATH=${_absolute_save_path##"$_mntpoint"} # the real dump path in the 2nd kernel, if the mount point is bind mounted. SAVE_PATH=$(get_bind_mount_directory $_mntpoint)/$SAVE_PATH fi add_mount "$config_val" check_save_path_fs $_absolute_save_path check_size fs $config_val ;; raw) #checking raw disk writable dd if=$config_val count=1 of=/dev/null > /dev/null 2>&1 || { perror_exit "Bad raw disk $config_val" } _praw=$(kdump_get_persistent_dev $config_val "raw") if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then exit 1 fi add_dracut_arg "--device" "$_praw" check_size raw $config_val ;; ssh) if strstr "$config_val" "@"; then check_size ssh $config_val mkdir_save_path_ssh $config_val add_dracut_module "ssh-client" add_dracut_sshkey "$SSH_KEY_LOCATION" else perror_exit "Bad ssh dump target $config_val" fi ;; core_collector) verify_core_collector "$config_val" ;; dracut_args) add_dracut_arg $config_val ;; *) ;; esac done <<< "$(read_strip_comments $conf_file)" handle_default_dump_target if [ -n "$extra_modules" ] then add_dracut_arg "--add-drivers" "$extra_modules" fi if ! is_fadump_capable; then # The 2nd rootfs mount stays behind the normal dump target mount, # so it doesn't affect the logic of check_dump_fs_modified(). is_dump_to_rootfs && add_mount "$(to_dev_name $(get_root_fs_device))" add_dracut_arg "--no-hostonly-default-device" fi dracut "${dracut_args[@]}" "$@" _rc=$? sync exit $_rc

RE-INVENTING THE TELEVISION NEWS BUSINESS*

A revolution in video storytelling

Creating entirely new & cost-effective production methods

From the world leaders in video production training and the creators of Character Driven Storytelling™

*and every other business that uses video

WHAT WE DO

Over the past 35 years, we have designed, built or restructured some of the most powerful news and journalism companies in the world.

We replace the traditional TV news ‘crew’ with one highly trained journalist, working alone with nothing but an iPhone.

No more TV news ‘crews’, no editors and no field producers.

This is television news done the way newspaper journalism is done – one reporter with their electronic pad and pencil.

In doing this, we can cut the cost of production by as much as 75% while increasing ratings and audience engagement.

In the place of conventional TV news ‘packages’ – ie, reporter stand up, interview, b-roll, man on the street, we marry great journalism with Netflix and Hollywood storytelling.

It’s a combination that works.

We have taken most of our clients to #1 in their respective markets.

And it’s not just for news. Any company, any profit, any NGO and anyone else who is online needs to tell their story in compelling yet cost-effective video. We can teach you to do that. Either in person or virtually.

EXAMPLES OF WHAT WE CAN TEACH YOUR STAFF TO PRODUCE

ITAY HOD

Itay Hod, MMJ with KPIX/CBS in San Francisco, took the 5-Day Intensive Video Storytelling Bootcamp in 2018.

Because he works alone, with only an iPhone, he was able to embed himself with a homeless family.

Here’s the story he produced in a one-day turn.

KIET DO

Kiet Do, an MMJ with KPIX/CBS in San Francisco, took the 5-Day Intensive Video Storytelling Bootcamp in 2021.

Here is a story he produced, all on his own, with only an iPhone and in a one-day turn.

TAYLOR SCHAUB

Taylor Schaub, an MMJ with Spectrum News 1 in LA, took the 5-Day Intensive Video Storytelling Bootcamp in 2023.

Here is a story he turned in only one day, using only an iPhone. It was the first video story he ever did and it was nominated for an Emmy.

THE BOOTCAMP

How do we convert stations and whole networks to working in this way?

Since 1988, we have run intensive 5-Day Video Storytelling Bootcamps

We have done these all over the world.

These are hands-on bootcamps, and participants learn an entirely new way of creating TV news stories.

-We shoot at a 3:1 ratio or lower, so turnaround times are fast.

-We go directly from camera to timelilne and edit – no written scripts. We work in the medium of pictures and sound.

-We are entirely character-driven.

-We are driven by pictures and real events.

-We are focused almost entirely on ’the viewer experience’.

Since 1988, more than 70,000 journalists around the world have taken our bootcamps, either in person on virtualy.

Case Studies

CBS News

We have started to work with CBS News, bringing our ideas of character-driven storytelling to one of the most successful and biggest networks in the United States. Since beginning to work with them ratings have climbed and more importantly, audience engagement is through the ceiling.

Learn More

New York Times Television

We started New York Times Television in 1990 and it was the first paper to be brought into the world of TV. It quickly became one of the most successful non-fiction production companies in the United States. The series and documentaries we produced won many awards including multiple Emmys.

Learn More

The BBC

We have been working with the BBC since the year 2000 helping to convert their national news network to our visual storytelling technique. Most recently we have trained teams from their sports, documentaries, and comedy divisions to make character-driven stories using only smartphones.

Learn More

Spectrum News

For the past five years we have worked with Spectrum News to introduce and train their journalists on visual, character driven storytelling using smartphones helping to create a different kind of local news for their network of 24-Hour News Stations across the United States.

Learn More

The United Nations

In 2006, we were approached by the United Nations. Rather than rely on news outlets, it would be much easier to train the field operatives to produce their own stories. We spent two years working with the UN, training more than 100 of their staff in bootcamps in Geneva and Nairobi.

Learn More

The Newark Star-Ledger

We trained 50 print reporters at the paper to shoot and tell their own stories, in conjunction with their print work. We built a TV newsroom in their existing print newsroom – you could not ask for a better set and they began to live stream their stories in conjunction with their print work.

Learn More

Mcgraw Hill

We spent two years with McGraw Hill, training more than 150 of their staffers, making them completely video literate. McGraw/Hill media properties we transit included Business Week, Aviation Week, (what was the name of the architecture magazine), and JD Power and Associates.

Learn More

Voice of America

In 1990, we were approached by The Voice of America, the official broadcasting agency for the United States Government. When we met with VOA, they were only a short wave radio broadcaster, but working with them, we took them into television, launching VOA-TV.

Learn More

Oyster Yachts

British based Oyster Yachts makes some of the finest yachts in the world. Like every other company, they had to find a way to feed the never-ending video demands of social media – sites like Instagram and TikTok. We trained the Oyster staff to tell their own stories, using only iPhones.

Learn More

Scottish Environmental Protection Agency

We were approached by SEPA, the Scottish Environmental Protection Agency because they had to continually find a way to ‘feed the media beast’. The result was that SEPA was able to tell their own stories, whenever they wanted, and at almost no additional cost.

Learn More

Michael on Media

Michael Rosenblum has been writing about the media since 1988. His work and ideas have appeared in The Guardian, The Huffington Post, Ilkeston Life and many other publications.

He has been blogging regularly for the past 35 years on this subject. Having taught media studies at Columbia University, NYU and now the University of Oxford, he is considered an expert on this subject.

Continue reading this post or look back at previous posts.

Do You Have Questions About Learning Video Skills?

If you would like to know more about our courses contact us and one of our training advisors will be happy to call you.

Your IP : 216.73.216.209

RE-INVENTING THE TELEVISION NEWS BUSINESS*

A revolution in video storytelling

Creating entirely new & cost-effective production methods

From the world leaders in video production training and the creators of Character Driven Storytelling™

*and every other business that uses video

WHAT WE DO

Over the past 35 years, we have designed, built or restructured some of the most powerful news and journalism companies in the world.

We replace the traditional TV news ‘crew’ with one highly trained journalist, working alone with nothing but an iPhone.

No more TV news ‘crews’, no editors and no field producers.

This is television news done the way newspaper journalism is done – one reporter with their electronic pad and pencil.

In doing this, we can cut the cost of production by as much as 75% while increasing ratings and audience engagement.

In the place of conventional TV news ‘packages’ – ie, reporter stand up, interview, b-roll, man on the street, we marry great journalism with Netflix and Hollywood storytelling.

It’s a combination that works.

We have taken most of our clients to #1 in their respective markets.

And it’s not just for news. Any company, any profit, any NGO and anyone else who is online needs to tell their story in compelling yet cost-effective video. We can teach you to do that. Either in person or virtually.

EXAMPLES OF WHAT WE CAN TEACH YOUR STAFF TO PRODUCE

ITAY HOD

Itay Hod, MMJ with KPIX/CBS in San Francisco, took the 5-Day Intensive Video Storytelling Bootcamp in 2018.

Because he works alone, with only an iPhone, he was able to embed himself with a homeless family.

Here’s the story he produced in a one-day turn.

KIET DO

Kiet Do, an MMJ with KPIX/CBS in San Francisco, took the 5-Day Intensive Video Storytelling Bootcamp in 2021.

Here is a story he produced, all on his own, with only an iPhone and in a one-day turn.

TAYLOR SCHAUB

Taylor Schaub, an MMJ with Spectrum News 1 in LA, took the 5-Day Intensive Video Storytelling Bootcamp in 2023.

Here is a story he turned in only one day, using only an iPhone. It was the first video story he ever did and it was nominated for an Emmy.

THE BOOTCAMP

How do we convert stations and whole networks to working in this way?

Since 1988, we have run intensive 5-Day Video Storytelling Bootcamps

We have done these all over the world.

These are hands-on bootcamps, and participants learn an entirely new way of creating TV news stories.

-We shoot at a 3:1 ratio or lower, so turnaround times are fast.

-We go directly from camera to timelilne and edit – no written scripts. We work in the medium of pictures and sound.

-We are entirely character-driven.

-We are driven by pictures and real events.

-We are focused almost entirely on ’the viewer experience’.

Since 1988, more than 70,000 journalists around the world have taken our bootcamps, either in person on virtualy.

Case Studies

CBS News

New York Times Television

The BBC

Spectrum News

The United Nations

The Newark Star-Ledger

Mcgraw Hill

Voice of America

Oyster Yachts

Scottish Environmental Protection Agency

Michael on Media