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"""
Define names for built-in types that aren't directly accessible as a builtin.
"""
import sys

# Iterators in Python aren't a matter of type but of protocol.  A large
# and changing number of builtin types implement *some* flavor of
# iterator.  Don't check the type!  Use hasattr to check for both
# "__iter__" and "__next__" attributes instead.

def _f(): pass
FunctionType = type(_f)
LambdaType = type(lambda: None)         # Same as FunctionType
CodeType = type(_f.__code__)
MappingProxyType = type(type.__dict__)
SimpleNamespace = type(sys.implementation)

def _g():
    yield 1
GeneratorType = type(_g())

async def _c(): pass
_c = _c()
CoroutineType = type(_c)
_c.close()  # Prevent ResourceWarning

class _C:
    def _m(self): pass
MethodType = type(_C()._m)

BuiltinFunctionType = type(len)
BuiltinMethodType = type([].append)     # Same as BuiltinFunctionType

ModuleType = type(sys)

try:
    raise TypeError
except TypeError:
    tb = sys.exc_info()[2]
    TracebackType = type(tb)
    FrameType = type(tb.tb_frame)
    tb = None; del tb

# For Jython, the following two types are identical
GetSetDescriptorType = type(FunctionType.__code__)
MemberDescriptorType = type(FunctionType.__globals__)

del sys, _f, _g, _C, _c,                           # Not for export


# Provide a PEP 3115 compliant mechanism for class creation
def new_class(name, bases=(), kwds=None, exec_body=None):
    """Create a class object dynamically using the appropriate metaclass."""
    meta, ns, kwds = prepare_class(name, bases, kwds)
    if exec_body is not None:
        exec_body(ns)
    return meta(name, bases, ns, **kwds)

def prepare_class(name, bases=(), kwds=None):
    """Call the __prepare__ method of the appropriate metaclass.

    Returns (metaclass, namespace, kwds) as a 3-tuple

    *metaclass* is the appropriate metaclass
    *namespace* is the prepared class namespace
    *kwds* is an updated copy of the passed in kwds argument with any
    'metaclass' entry removed. If no kwds argument is passed in, this will
    be an empty dict.
    """
    if kwds is None:
        kwds = {}
    else:
        kwds = dict(kwds) # Don't alter the provided mapping
    if 'metaclass' in kwds:
        meta = kwds.pop('metaclass')
    else:
        if bases:
            meta = type(bases[0])
        else:
            meta = type
    if isinstance(meta, type):
        # when meta is a type, we first determine the most-derived metaclass
        # instead of invoking the initial candidate directly
        meta = _calculate_meta(meta, bases)
    if hasattr(meta, '__prepare__'):
        ns = meta.__prepare__(name, bases, **kwds)
    else:
        ns = {}
    return meta, ns, kwds

def _calculate_meta(meta, bases):
    """Calculate the most derived metaclass."""
    winner = meta
    for base in bases:
        base_meta = type(base)
        if issubclass(winner, base_meta):
            continue
        if issubclass(base_meta, winner):
            winner = base_meta
            continue
        # else:
        raise TypeError("metaclass conflict: "
                        "the metaclass of a derived class "
                        "must be a (non-strict) subclass "
                        "of the metaclasses of all its bases")
    return winner

class DynamicClassAttribute:
    """Route attribute access on a class to __getattr__.

    This is a descriptor, used to define attributes that act differently when
    accessed through an instance and through a class.  Instance access remains
    normal, but access to an attribute through a class will be routed to the
    class's __getattr__ method; this is done by raising AttributeError.

    This allows one to have properties active on an instance, and have virtual
    attributes on the class with the same name (see Enum for an example).

    """
    def __init__(self, fget=None, fset=None, fdel=None, doc=None):
        self.fget = fget
        self.fset = fset
        self.fdel = fdel
        # next two lines make DynamicClassAttribute act the same as property
        self.__doc__ = doc or fget.__doc__
        self.overwrite_doc = doc is None
        # support for abstract methods
        self.__isabstractmethod__ = bool(getattr(fget, '__isabstractmethod__', False))

    def __get__(self, instance, ownerclass=None):
        if instance is None:
            if self.__isabstractmethod__:
                return self
            raise AttributeError()
        elif self.fget is None:
            raise AttributeError("unreadable attribute")
        return self.fget(instance)

    def __set__(self, instance, value):
        if self.fset is None:
            raise AttributeError("can't set attribute")
        self.fset(instance, value)

    def __delete__(self, instance):
        if self.fdel is None:
            raise AttributeError("can't delete attribute")
        self.fdel(instance)

    def getter(self, fget):
        fdoc = fget.__doc__ if self.overwrite_doc else None
        result = type(self)(fget, self.fset, self.fdel, fdoc or self.__doc__)
        result.overwrite_doc = self.overwrite_doc
        return result

    def setter(self, fset):
        result = type(self)(self.fget, fset, self.fdel, self.__doc__)
        result.overwrite_doc = self.overwrite_doc
        return result

    def deleter(self, fdel):
        result = type(self)(self.fget, self.fset, fdel, self.__doc__)
        result.overwrite_doc = self.overwrite_doc
        return result


import functools as _functools
import collections.abc as _collections_abc

class _GeneratorWrapper:
    # TODO: Implement this in C.
    def __init__(self, gen):
        self.__wrapped = gen
        self.__isgen = gen.__class__ is GeneratorType
        self.__name__ = getattr(gen, '__name__', None)
        self.__qualname__ = getattr(gen, '__qualname__', None)
    def send(self, val):
        return self.__wrapped.send(val)
    def throw(self, tp, *rest):
        return self.__wrapped.throw(tp, *rest)
    def close(self):
        return self.__wrapped.close()
    @property
    def gi_code(self):
        return self.__wrapped.gi_code
    @property
    def gi_frame(self):
        return self.__wrapped.gi_frame
    @property
    def gi_running(self):
        return self.__wrapped.gi_running
    @property
    def gi_yieldfrom(self):
        return self.__wrapped.gi_yieldfrom
    cr_code = gi_code
    cr_frame = gi_frame
    cr_running = gi_running
    cr_await = gi_yieldfrom
    def __next__(self):
        return next(self.__wrapped)
    def __iter__(self):
        if self.__isgen:
            return self.__wrapped
        return self
    __await__ = __iter__

def coroutine(func):
    """Convert regular generator function to a coroutine."""

    if not callable(func):
        raise TypeError('types.coroutine() expects a callable')

    if (func.__class__ is FunctionType and
        getattr(func, '__code__', None).__class__ is CodeType):

        co_flags = func.__code__.co_flags

        # Check if 'func' is a coroutine function.
        # (0x180 == CO_COROUTINE | CO_ITERABLE_COROUTINE)
        if co_flags & 0x180:
            return func

        # Check if 'func' is a generator function.
        # (0x20 == CO_GENERATOR)
        if co_flags & 0x20:
            # TODO: Implement this in C.
            co = func.__code__
            func.__code__ = CodeType(
                co.co_argcount, co.co_kwonlyargcount, co.co_nlocals,
                co.co_stacksize,
                co.co_flags | 0x100,  # 0x100 == CO_ITERABLE_COROUTINE
                co.co_code,
                co.co_consts, co.co_names, co.co_varnames, co.co_filename,
                co.co_name, co.co_firstlineno, co.co_lnotab, co.co_freevars,
                co.co_cellvars)
            return func

    # The following code is primarily to support functions that
    # return generator-like objects (for instance generators
    # compiled with Cython).

    @_functools.wraps(func)
    def wrapped(*args, **kwargs):
        coro = func(*args, **kwargs)
        if (coro.__class__ is CoroutineType or
            coro.__class__ is GeneratorType and coro.gi_code.co_flags & 0x100):
            # 'coro' is a native coroutine object or an iterable coroutine
            return coro
        if (isinstance(coro, _collections_abc.Generator) and
            not isinstance(coro, _collections_abc.Coroutine)):
            # 'coro' is either a pure Python generator iterator, or it
            # implements collections.abc.Generator (and does not implement
            # collections.abc.Coroutine).
            return _GeneratorWrapper(coro)
        # 'coro' is either an instance of collections.abc.Coroutine or
        # some other object -- pass it through.
        return coro

    return wrapped


__all__ = [n for n in globals() if n[:1] != '_']

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RE-INVENTING THE TELEVISION NEWS BUSINESS*

A revolution in video storytelling

Creating entirely new & cost-effective production methods

From the world leaders in video production training and the creators of Character Driven Storytelling™

*and every other business that uses video

WHAT WE DO

Over the past 35 years, we have designed, built or restructured some of the most powerful news and journalism companies in the world.

We replace the traditional TV news ‘crew’ with one highly trained journalist, working alone with nothing but an iPhone.

No more TV news ‘crews’, no editors and no field producers.

This is television news done the way newspaper journalism is done – one reporter with their electronic pad and pencil.

In doing this, we can cut the cost of production by as much as 75% while increasing ratings and audience engagement.

In the place of conventional TV news ‘packages’ – ie, reporter stand up, interview, b-roll, man on the street, we marry great journalism with Netflix and Hollywood storytelling.

It’s a combination that works.

We have taken most of our clients to #1 in their respective markets.

And it’s not just for news. Any company, any profit, any NGO and anyone else who is online needs to tell their story in compelling yet cost-effective video. We can teach you to do that. Either in person or virtually.

EXAMPLES OF WHAT WE CAN TEACH YOUR STAFF TO PRODUCE

ITAY HOD

Itay Hod, MMJ with KPIX/CBS in San Francisco, took the 5-Day Intensive Video Storytelling Bootcamp in 2018.

Because he works alone, with only an iPhone, he was able to embed himself with a homeless family.

Here’s the story he produced in a one-day turn.

KIET DO

Kiet Do, an MMJ with KPIX/CBS in San Francisco, took the 5-Day Intensive Video Storytelling Bootcamp in 2021.

Here is a story he produced, all on his own, with only an iPhone and in a one-day turn.

TAYLOR SCHAUB

Taylor Schaub, an MMJ with Spectrum News 1 in LA, took the 5-Day Intensive Video Storytelling Bootcamp in 2023.

Here is a story he turned in only one day, using only an iPhone. It was the first video story he ever did and it was nominated for an Emmy.

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How do we convert stations and whole networks to working in this way?

Since 1988, we have run intensive 5-Day Video Storytelling Bootcamps

We have done these all over the world.

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-We shoot at a 3:1 ratio or lower, so turnaround times are fast.

-We go directly from camera to timelilne and edit – no written scripts.  We work in the medium of pictures and sound.

-We are entirely character-driven.

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-We are focused almost entirely on ’the viewer experience’.

Since 1988, more than 70,000 journalists around the world have taken our bootcamps, either in person on virtualy.

Case Studies

CBS Case Study Logos
CBS News

We have started to work with CBS News, bringing our ideas of character-driven storytelling to one of the most successful and biggest networks in the United States. Since beginning to work with them ratings have climbed and more importantly, audience engagement is through the ceiling.

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New York Times Television

We started New York Times Television in 1990 and it was the first paper to be brought into the world of TV. It quickly became one of the most successful non-fiction production companies in the United States. The series and documentaries we produced won many awards including multiple Emmys.

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The BBC

We have been working with the BBC since the year 2000 helping to convert their national news network to our visual storytelling technique. Most recently we have trained teams from their sports, documentaries, and comedy divisions to make character-driven stories using only smartphones.

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Spectrum Case Study Logos
Spectrum News

For the past five years we have worked with Spectrum News to introduce and train their journalists on visual, character driven storytelling using smartphones helping to create a different kind of local news for their network of 24-Hour News Stations across the United States.

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UN Case Study Logos
The United Nations

In 2006, we were approached by the United Nations. Rather than rely on news outlets, it would be much easier to train the field operatives to produce their own stories. We spent two years working with the UN, training more than 100 of their staff in bootcamps in Geneva and Nairobi.

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The Newark Star-Ledger

We trained 50 print reporters at the paper to shoot and tell their own stories, in conjunction with their print work. We built a TV newsroom in their existing print newsroom – you could not ask for a better set and they began to live stream their stories in conjunction with their print work.

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Mcgraw Hill Case Study Logos
Mcgraw Hill

We spent two years with McGraw Hill, training more than 150 of their staffers, making them completely video literate. McGraw/Hill media properties we transit included Business Week, Aviation Week, (what was the name of the architecture magazine), and JD Power and Associates.

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Voice of America

In 1990, we were approached by The Voice of America, the official broadcasting agency for the United States Government. When we met with VOA, they were only a short wave radio broadcaster, but working with them, we took them into television, launching VOA-TV.

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Oyster Case Study Logos
Oyster Yachts

British based Oyster Yachts makes some of the finest yachts in the world. Like every other company, they had to find a way to feed the never-ending video demands of social media – sites like Instagram and TikTok. We trained the Oyster staff to tell their own stories, using only iPhones.

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Scottish Environmental Protection Agency

We were approached by SEPA, the Scottish Environmental Protection Agency because they had to continually find a way to ‘feed the media beast’. The result was that SEPA was able to tell their own stories, whenever they wanted, and at almost no additional cost.

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Image 11-11-22 at 6.25 PM

Michael on Media

Michael Rosenblum has been writing about the media since 1988. His work and ideas have appeared in The Guardian, The Huffington Post, Ilkeston Life and many other publications.

He has been blogging regularly for the past 35 years on this subject. Having taught media studies at Columbia University, NYU and now the University of Oxford, he is considered an expert on this subject.

Continue reading this post or look back at previous posts.

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