#! /opt/rh/rh-python35/root/usr/bin/python3.5 """Tool for measuring execution time of small code snippets. This module avoids a number of common traps for measuring execution times. See also Tim Peters' introduction to the Algorithms chapter in the Python Cookbook, published by O'Reilly. Library usage: see the Timer class. Command line usage: python timeit.py [-n N] [-r N] [-s S] [-t] [-c] [-p] [-h] [--] [statement] Options: -n/--number N: how many times to execute 'statement' (default: see below) -r/--repeat N: how many times to repeat the timer (default 3) -s/--setup S: statement to be executed once initially (default 'pass'). Execution time of this setup statement is NOT timed. -p/--process: use time.process_time() (default is time.perf_counter()) -t/--time: use time.time() (deprecated) -c/--clock: use time.clock() (deprecated) -v/--verbose: print raw timing results; repeat for more digits precision -u/--unit: set the output time unit (usec, msec, or sec) -h/--help: print this usage message and exit --: separate options from statement, use when statement starts with - statement: statement to be timed (default 'pass') A multi-line statement may be given by specifying each line as a separate argument; indented lines are possible by enclosing an argument in quotes and using leading spaces. Multiple -s options are treated similarly. If -n is not given, a suitable number of loops is calculated by trying successive powers of 10 until the total time is at least 0.2 seconds. Note: there is a certain baseline overhead associated with executing a pass statement. It differs between versions. The code here doesn't try to hide it, but you should be aware of it. The baseline overhead can be measured by invoking the program without arguments. Classes: Timer Functions: timeit(string, string) -> float repeat(string, string) -> list default_timer() -> float """ import gc import sys import time import itertools __all__ = ["Timer", "timeit", "repeat", "default_timer"] dummy_src_name = "<timeit-src>" default_number = 1000000 default_repeat = 3 default_timer = time.perf_counter _globals = globals # Don't change the indentation of the template; the reindent() calls # in Timer.__init__() depend on setup being indented 4 spaces and stmt # being indented 8 spaces. template = """ def inner(_it, _timer{init}): {setup} _t0 = _timer() for _i in _it: {stmt} _t1 = _timer() return _t1 - _t0 """ def reindent(src, indent): """Helper to reindent a multi-line statement.""" return src.replace("\n", "\n" + " "*indent) class Timer: """Class for timing execution speed of small code snippets. The constructor takes a statement to be timed, an additional statement used for setup, and a timer function. Both statements default to 'pass'; the timer function is platform-dependent (see module doc string). If 'globals' is specified, the code will be executed within that namespace (as opposed to inside timeit's namespace). To measure the execution time of the first statement, use the timeit() method. The repeat() method is a convenience to call timeit() multiple times and return a list of results. The statements may contain newlines, as long as they don't contain multi-line string literals. """ def __init__(self, stmt="pass", setup="pass", timer=default_timer, globals=None): """Constructor. See class doc string.""" self.timer = timer local_ns = {} global_ns = _globals() if globals is None else globals init = '' if isinstance(setup, str): # Check that the code can be compiled outside a function compile(setup, dummy_src_name, "exec") stmtprefix = setup + '\n' setup = reindent(setup, 4) elif callable(setup): local_ns['_setup'] = setup init += ', _setup=_setup' stmtprefix = '' setup = '_setup()' else: raise ValueError("setup is neither a string nor callable") if isinstance(stmt, str): # Check that the code can be compiled outside a function compile(stmtprefix + stmt, dummy_src_name, "exec") stmt = reindent(stmt, 8) elif callable(stmt): local_ns['_stmt'] = stmt init += ', _stmt=_stmt' stmt = '_stmt()' else: raise ValueError("stmt is neither a string nor callable") src = template.format(stmt=stmt, setup=setup, init=init) self.src = src # Save for traceback display code = compile(src, dummy_src_name, "exec") exec(code, global_ns, local_ns) self.inner = local_ns["inner"] def print_exc(self, file=None): """Helper to print a traceback from the timed code. Typical use: t = Timer(...) # outside the try/except try: t.timeit(...) # or t.repeat(...) except: t.print_exc() The advantage over the standard traceback is that source lines in the compiled template will be displayed. The optional file argument directs where the traceback is sent; it defaults to sys.stderr. """ import linecache, traceback if self.src is not None: linecache.cache[dummy_src_name] = (len(self.src), None, self.src.split("\n"), dummy_src_name) # else the source is already stored somewhere else traceback.print_exc(file=file) def timeit(self, number=default_number): """Time 'number' executions of the main statement. To be precise, this executes the setup statement once, and then returns the time it takes to execute the main statement a number of times, as a float measured in seconds. The argument is the number of times through the loop, defaulting to one million. The main statement, the setup statement and the timer function to be used are passed to the constructor. """ it = itertools.repeat(None, number) gcold = gc.isenabled() gc.disable() try: timing = self.inner(it, self.timer) finally: if gcold: gc.enable() return timing def repeat(self, repeat=default_repeat, number=default_number): """Call timeit() a few times. This is a convenience function that calls the timeit() repeatedly, returning a list of results. The first argument specifies how many times to call timeit(), defaulting to 3; the second argument specifies the timer argument, defaulting to one million. Note: it's tempting to calculate mean and standard deviation from the result vector and report these. However, this is not very useful. In a typical case, the lowest value gives a lower bound for how fast your machine can run the given code snippet; higher values in the result vector are typically not caused by variability in Python's speed, but by other processes interfering with your timing accuracy. So the min() of the result is probably the only number you should be interested in. After that, you should look at the entire vector and apply common sense rather than statistics. """ r = [] for i in range(repeat): t = self.timeit(number) r.append(t) return r def timeit(stmt="pass", setup="pass", timer=default_timer, number=default_number, globals=None): """Convenience function to create Timer object and call timeit method.""" return Timer(stmt, setup, timer, globals).timeit(number) def repeat(stmt="pass", setup="pass", timer=default_timer, repeat=default_repeat, number=default_number, globals=None): """Convenience function to create Timer object and call repeat method.""" return Timer(stmt, setup, timer, globals).repeat(repeat, number) def main(args=None, *, _wrap_timer=None): """Main program, used when run as a script. The optional 'args' argument specifies the command line to be parsed, defaulting to sys.argv[1:]. The return value is an exit code to be passed to sys.exit(); it may be None to indicate success. When an exception happens during timing, a traceback is printed to stderr and the return value is 1. Exceptions at other times (including the template compilation) are not caught. '_wrap_timer' is an internal interface used for unit testing. If it is not None, it must be a callable that accepts a timer function and returns another timer function (used for unit testing). """ if args is None: args = sys.argv[1:] import getopt try: opts, args = getopt.getopt(args, "n:u:s:r:tcpvh", ["number=", "setup=", "repeat=", "time", "clock", "process", "verbose", "unit=", "help"]) except getopt.error as err: print(err) print("use -h/--help for command line help") return 2 timer = default_timer stmt = "\n".join(args) or "pass" number = 0 # auto-determine setup = [] repeat = default_repeat verbose = 0 time_unit = None units = {"usec": 1, "msec": 1e3, "sec": 1e6} precision = 3 for o, a in opts: if o in ("-n", "--number"): number = int(a) if o in ("-s", "--setup"): setup.append(a) if o in ("-u", "--unit"): if a in units: time_unit = a else: print("Unrecognized unit. Please select usec, msec, or sec.", file=sys.stderr) return 2 if o in ("-r", "--repeat"): repeat = int(a) if repeat <= 0: repeat = 1 if o in ("-t", "--time"): timer = time.time if o in ("-c", "--clock"): timer = time.clock if o in ("-p", "--process"): timer = time.process_time if o in ("-v", "--verbose"): if verbose: precision += 1 verbose += 1 if o in ("-h", "--help"): print(__doc__, end=' ') return 0 setup = "\n".join(setup) or "pass" # Include the current directory, so that local imports work (sys.path # contains the directory of this script, rather than the current # directory) import os sys.path.insert(0, os.curdir) if _wrap_timer is not None: timer = _wrap_timer(timer) t = Timer(stmt, setup, timer) if number == 0: # determine number so that 0.2 <= total time < 2.0 for i in range(1, 10): number = 10**i try: x = t.timeit(number) except: t.print_exc() return 1 if verbose: print("%d loops -> %.*g secs" % (number, precision, x)) if x >= 0.2: break try: r = t.repeat(repeat, number) except: t.print_exc() return 1 best = min(r) if verbose: print("raw times:", " ".join(["%.*g" % (precision, x) for x in r])) print("%d loops," % number, end=' ') usec = best * 1e6 / number if time_unit is not None: print("best of %d: %.*g %s per loop" % (repeat, precision, usec/units[time_unit], time_unit)) else: if usec < 1000: print("best of %d: %.*g usec per loop" % (repeat, precision, usec)) else: msec = usec / 1000 if msec < 1000: print("best of %d: %.*g msec per loop" % (repeat, precision, msec)) else: sec = msec / 1000 print("best of %d: %.*g sec per loop" % (repeat, precision, sec)) return None if __name__ == "__main__": sys.exit(main())

RE-INVENTING THE TELEVISION NEWS BUSINESS*

A revolution in video storytelling

Creating entirely new & cost-effective production methods

From the world leaders in video production training and the creators of Character Driven Storytelling™

*and every other business that uses video

WHAT WE DO

Over the past 35 years, we have designed, built or restructured some of the most powerful news and journalism companies in the world.

We replace the traditional TV news ‘crew’ with one highly trained journalist, working alone with nothing but an iPhone.

No more TV news ‘crews’, no editors and no field producers.

This is television news done the way newspaper journalism is done – one reporter with their electronic pad and pencil.

In doing this, we can cut the cost of production by as much as 75% while increasing ratings and audience engagement.

In the place of conventional TV news ‘packages’ – ie, reporter stand up, interview, b-roll, man on the street, we marry great journalism with Netflix and Hollywood storytelling.

It’s a combination that works.

We have taken most of our clients to #1 in their respective markets.

And it’s not just for news. Any company, any profit, any NGO and anyone else who is online needs to tell their story in compelling yet cost-effective video. We can teach you to do that. Either in person or virtually.

EXAMPLES OF WHAT WE CAN TEACH YOUR STAFF TO PRODUCE

ITAY HOD

Itay Hod, MMJ with KPIX/CBS in San Francisco, took the 5-Day Intensive Video Storytelling Bootcamp in 2018.

Because he works alone, with only an iPhone, he was able to embed himself with a homeless family.

Here’s the story he produced in a one-day turn.

KIET DO

Kiet Do, an MMJ with KPIX/CBS in San Francisco, took the 5-Day Intensive Video Storytelling Bootcamp in 2021.

Here is a story he produced, all on his own, with only an iPhone and in a one-day turn.

TAYLOR SCHAUB

Taylor Schaub, an MMJ with Spectrum News 1 in LA, took the 5-Day Intensive Video Storytelling Bootcamp in 2023.

Here is a story he turned in only one day, using only an iPhone. It was the first video story he ever did and it was nominated for an Emmy.

THE BOOTCAMP

How do we convert stations and whole networks to working in this way?

Since 1988, we have run intensive 5-Day Video Storytelling Bootcamps

We have done these all over the world.

These are hands-on bootcamps, and participants learn an entirely new way of creating TV news stories.

-We shoot at a 3:1 ratio or lower, so turnaround times are fast.

-We go directly from camera to timelilne and edit – no written scripts. We work in the medium of pictures and sound.

-We are entirely character-driven.

-We are driven by pictures and real events.

-We are focused almost entirely on ’the viewer experience’.

Since 1988, more than 70,000 journalists around the world have taken our bootcamps, either in person on virtualy.

Case Studies

CBS News

We have started to work with CBS News, bringing our ideas of character-driven storytelling to one of the most successful and biggest networks in the United States. Since beginning to work with them ratings have climbed and more importantly, audience engagement is through the ceiling.

Learn More

New York Times Television

We started New York Times Television in 1990 and it was the first paper to be brought into the world of TV. It quickly became one of the most successful non-fiction production companies in the United States. The series and documentaries we produced won many awards including multiple Emmys.

Learn More

The BBC

We have been working with the BBC since the year 2000 helping to convert their national news network to our visual storytelling technique. Most recently we have trained teams from their sports, documentaries, and comedy divisions to make character-driven stories using only smartphones.

Learn More

Spectrum News

For the past five years we have worked with Spectrum News to introduce and train their journalists on visual, character driven storytelling using smartphones helping to create a different kind of local news for their network of 24-Hour News Stations across the United States.

Learn More

The United Nations

In 2006, we were approached by the United Nations. Rather than rely on news outlets, it would be much easier to train the field operatives to produce their own stories. We spent two years working with the UN, training more than 100 of their staff in bootcamps in Geneva and Nairobi.

Learn More

The Newark Star-Ledger

We trained 50 print reporters at the paper to shoot and tell their own stories, in conjunction with their print work. We built a TV newsroom in their existing print newsroom – you could not ask for a better set and they began to live stream their stories in conjunction with their print work.

Learn More

Mcgraw Hill

We spent two years with McGraw Hill, training more than 150 of their staffers, making them completely video literate. McGraw/Hill media properties we transit included Business Week, Aviation Week, (what was the name of the architecture magazine), and JD Power and Associates.

Learn More

Voice of America

In 1990, we were approached by The Voice of America, the official broadcasting agency for the United States Government. When we met with VOA, they were only a short wave radio broadcaster, but working with them, we took them into television, launching VOA-TV.

Learn More

Oyster Yachts

British based Oyster Yachts makes some of the finest yachts in the world. Like every other company, they had to find a way to feed the never-ending video demands of social media – sites like Instagram and TikTok. We trained the Oyster staff to tell their own stories, using only iPhones.

Learn More

Scottish Environmental Protection Agency

We were approached by SEPA, the Scottish Environmental Protection Agency because they had to continually find a way to ‘feed the media beast’. The result was that SEPA was able to tell their own stories, whenever they wanted, and at almost no additional cost.

Learn More

Michael on Media

Michael Rosenblum has been writing about the media since 1988. His work and ideas have appeared in The Guardian, The Huffington Post, Ilkeston Life and many other publications.

He has been blogging regularly for the past 35 years on this subject. Having taught media studies at Columbia University, NYU and now the University of Oxford, he is considered an expert on this subject.

Continue reading this post or look back at previous posts.

Do You Have Questions About Learning Video Skills?

If you would like to know more about our courses contact us and one of our training advisors will be happy to call you.

Your IP : 216.73.216.103

RE-INVENTING THE TELEVISION NEWS BUSINESS*

A revolution in video storytelling

Creating entirely new & cost-effective production methods

From the world leaders in video production training and the creators of Character Driven Storytelling™

*and every other business that uses video

WHAT WE DO

Over the past 35 years, we have designed, built or restructured some of the most powerful news and journalism companies in the world.

We replace the traditional TV news ‘crew’ with one highly trained journalist, working alone with nothing but an iPhone.

No more TV news ‘crews’, no editors and no field producers.

This is television news done the way newspaper journalism is done – one reporter with their electronic pad and pencil.

In doing this, we can cut the cost of production by as much as 75% while increasing ratings and audience engagement.

In the place of conventional TV news ‘packages’ – ie, reporter stand up, interview, b-roll, man on the street, we marry great journalism with Netflix and Hollywood storytelling.

It’s a combination that works.

We have taken most of our clients to #1 in their respective markets.

And it’s not just for news. Any company, any profit, any NGO and anyone else who is online needs to tell their story in compelling yet cost-effective video. We can teach you to do that. Either in person or virtually.

EXAMPLES OF WHAT WE CAN TEACH YOUR STAFF TO PRODUCE

ITAY HOD

Itay Hod, MMJ with KPIX/CBS in San Francisco, took the 5-Day Intensive Video Storytelling Bootcamp in 2018.

Because he works alone, with only an iPhone, he was able to embed himself with a homeless family.

Here’s the story he produced in a one-day turn.

KIET DO

Kiet Do, an MMJ with KPIX/CBS in San Francisco, took the 5-Day Intensive Video Storytelling Bootcamp in 2021.

Here is a story he produced, all on his own, with only an iPhone and in a one-day turn.

TAYLOR SCHAUB

Taylor Schaub, an MMJ with Spectrum News 1 in LA, took the 5-Day Intensive Video Storytelling Bootcamp in 2023.

Here is a story he turned in only one day, using only an iPhone. It was the first video story he ever did and it was nominated for an Emmy.

THE BOOTCAMP

How do we convert stations and whole networks to working in this way?

Since 1988, we have run intensive 5-Day Video Storytelling Bootcamps

We have done these all over the world.

These are hands-on bootcamps, and participants learn an entirely new way of creating TV news stories.

-We shoot at a 3:1 ratio or lower, so turnaround times are fast.

-We go directly from camera to timelilne and edit – no written scripts. We work in the medium of pictures and sound.

-We are entirely character-driven.

-We are driven by pictures and real events.

-We are focused almost entirely on ’the viewer experience’.

Since 1988, more than 70,000 journalists around the world have taken our bootcamps, either in person on virtualy.

Case Studies

CBS News

New York Times Television

The BBC

Spectrum News

The United Nations

The Newark Star-Ledger

Mcgraw Hill

Voice of America

Oyster Yachts

Scottish Environmental Protection Agency

Michael on Media