"""runpy.py - locating and running Python code using the module namespace Provides support for locating and running Python scripts using the Python module namespace instead of the native filesystem. This allows Python code to play nicely with non-filesystem based PEP 302 importers when locating support scripts as well as when importing modules. """ # Written by Nick Coghlan <ncoghlan at gmail.com> # to implement PEP 338 (Executing Modules as Scripts) import sys import importlib.machinery # importlib first so we can test #15386 via -m import importlib.util import types from pkgutil import read_code, get_importer __all__ = [ "run_module", "run_path", ] class _TempModule(object): """Temporarily replace a module in sys.modules with an empty namespace""" def __init__(self, mod_name): self.mod_name = mod_name self.module = types.ModuleType(mod_name) self._saved_module = [] def __enter__(self): mod_name = self.mod_name try: self._saved_module.append(sys.modules[mod_name]) except KeyError: pass sys.modules[mod_name] = self.module return self def __exit__(self, *args): if self._saved_module: sys.modules[self.mod_name] = self._saved_module[0] else: del sys.modules[self.mod_name] self._saved_module = [] class _ModifiedArgv0(object): def __init__(self, value): self.value = value self._saved_value = self._sentinel = object() def __enter__(self): if self._saved_value is not self._sentinel: raise RuntimeError("Already preserving saved value") self._saved_value = sys.argv[0] sys.argv[0] = self.value def __exit__(self, *args): self.value = self._sentinel sys.argv[0] = self._saved_value # TODO: Replace these helpers with importlib._bootstrap_external functions. def _run_code(code, run_globals, init_globals=None, mod_name=None, mod_spec=None, pkg_name=None, script_name=None): """Helper to run code in nominated namespace""" if init_globals is not None: run_globals.update(init_globals) if mod_spec is None: loader = None fname = script_name cached = None else: loader = mod_spec.loader fname = mod_spec.origin cached = mod_spec.cached if pkg_name is None: pkg_name = mod_spec.parent run_globals.update(__name__ = mod_name, __file__ = fname, __cached__ = cached, __doc__ = None, __loader__ = loader, __package__ = pkg_name, __spec__ = mod_spec) exec(code, run_globals) return run_globals def _run_module_code(code, init_globals=None, mod_name=None, mod_spec=None, pkg_name=None, script_name=None): """Helper to run code in new namespace with sys modified""" fname = script_name if mod_spec is None else mod_spec.origin with _TempModule(mod_name) as temp_module, _ModifiedArgv0(fname): mod_globals = temp_module.module.__dict__ _run_code(code, mod_globals, init_globals, mod_name, mod_spec, pkg_name, script_name) # Copy the globals of the temporary module, as they # may be cleared when the temporary module goes away return mod_globals.copy() # Helper to get the loader, code and filename for a module def _get_module_details(mod_name): try: spec = importlib.util.find_spec(mod_name) except (ImportError, AttributeError, TypeError, ValueError) as ex: # This hack fixes an impedance mismatch between pkgutil and # importlib, where the latter raises other errors for cases where # pkgutil previously raised ImportError msg = "Error while finding spec for {!r} ({}: {})" raise ImportError(msg.format(mod_name, type(ex), ex)) from ex if spec is None: raise ImportError("No module named %s" % mod_name) if spec.submodule_search_locations is not None: if mod_name == "__main__" or mod_name.endswith(".__main__"): raise ImportError("Cannot use package as __main__ module") try: pkg_main_name = mod_name + ".__main__" return _get_module_details(pkg_main_name) except ImportError as e: raise ImportError(("%s; %r is a package and cannot " + "be directly executed") %(e, mod_name)) loader = spec.loader if loader is None: raise ImportError("%r is a namespace package and cannot be executed" % mod_name) code = loader.get_code(mod_name) if code is None: raise ImportError("No code object available for %s" % mod_name) return mod_name, spec, code # XXX ncoghlan: Should this be documented and made public? # (Current thoughts: don't repeat the mistake that lead to its # creation when run_module() no longer met the needs of # mainmodule.c, but couldn't be changed because it was public) def _run_module_as_main(mod_name, alter_argv=True): """Runs the designated module in the __main__ namespace Note that the executed module will have full access to the __main__ namespace. If this is not desirable, the run_module() function should be used to run the module code in a fresh namespace. At the very least, these variables in __main__ will be overwritten: __name__ __file__ __cached__ __loader__ __package__ """ try: if alter_argv or mod_name != "__main__": # i.e. -m switch mod_name, mod_spec, code = _get_module_details(mod_name) else: # i.e. directory or zipfile execution mod_name, mod_spec, code = _get_main_module_details() except ImportError as exc: # Try to provide a good error message # for directories, zip files and the -m switch if alter_argv: # For -m switch, just display the exception info = str(exc) else: # For directories/zipfiles, let the user # know what the code was looking for info = "can't find '__main__' module in %r" % sys.argv[0] msg = "%s: %s" % (sys.executable, info) sys.exit(msg) main_globals = sys.modules["__main__"].__dict__ if alter_argv: sys.argv[0] = mod_spec.origin return _run_code(code, main_globals, None, "__main__", mod_spec) def run_module(mod_name, init_globals=None, run_name=None, alter_sys=False): """Execute a module's code without importing it Returns the resulting top level namespace dictionary """ mod_name, mod_spec, code = _get_module_details(mod_name) if run_name is None: run_name = mod_name if alter_sys: return _run_module_code(code, init_globals, run_name, mod_spec) else: # Leave the sys module alone return _run_code(code, {}, init_globals, run_name, mod_spec) def _get_main_module_details(): # Helper that gives a nicer error message when attempting to # execute a zipfile or directory by invoking __main__.py # Also moves the standard __main__ out of the way so that the # preexisting __loader__ entry doesn't cause issues main_name = "__main__" saved_main = sys.modules[main_name] del sys.modules[main_name] try: return _get_module_details(main_name) except ImportError as exc: if main_name in str(exc): raise ImportError("can't find %r module in %r" % (main_name, sys.path[0])) from exc raise finally: sys.modules[main_name] = saved_main def _get_code_from_file(run_name, fname): # Check for a compiled file first with open(fname, "rb") as f: code = read_code(f) if code is None: # That didn't work, so try it as normal source code with open(fname, "rb") as f: code = compile(f.read(), fname, 'exec') return code, fname def run_path(path_name, init_globals=None, run_name=None): """Execute code located at the specified filesystem location Returns the resulting top level namespace dictionary The file path may refer directly to a Python script (i.e. one that could be directly executed with execfile) or else it may refer to a zipfile or directory containing a top level __main__.py script. """ if run_name is None: run_name = "<run_path>" pkg_name = run_name.rpartition(".")[0] importer = get_importer(path_name) # Trying to avoid importing imp so as to not consume the deprecation warning. is_NullImporter = False if type(importer).__module__ == 'imp': if type(importer).__name__ == 'NullImporter': is_NullImporter = True if isinstance(importer, type(None)) or is_NullImporter: # Not a valid sys.path entry, so run the code directly # execfile() doesn't help as we want to allow compiled files code, fname = _get_code_from_file(run_name, path_name) return _run_module_code(code, init_globals, run_name, pkg_name=pkg_name, script_name=fname) else: # Importer is defined for path, so add it to # the start of sys.path sys.path.insert(0, path_name) try: # Here's where things are a little different from the run_module # case. There, we only had to replace the module in sys while the # code was running and doing so was somewhat optional. Here, we # have no choice and we have to remove it even while we read the # code. If we don't do this, a __loader__ attribute in the # existing __main__ module may prevent location of the new module. mod_name, mod_spec, code = _get_main_module_details() with _TempModule(run_name) as temp_module, \ _ModifiedArgv0(path_name): mod_globals = temp_module.module.__dict__ return _run_code(code, mod_globals, init_globals, run_name, mod_spec, pkg_name).copy() finally: try: sys.path.remove(path_name) except ValueError: pass if __name__ == "__main__": # Run the module specified as the next command line argument if len(sys.argv) < 2: print("No module specified for execution", file=sys.stderr) else: del sys.argv[0] # Make the requested module sys.argv[0] _run_module_as_main(sys.argv[0])

RE-INVENTING THE TELEVISION NEWS BUSINESS*

A revolution in video storytelling

Creating entirely new & cost-effective production methods

From the world leaders in video production training and the creators of Character Driven Storytelling™

*and every other business that uses video

WHAT WE DO

Over the past 35 years, we have designed, built or restructured some of the most powerful news and journalism companies in the world.

We replace the traditional TV news ‘crew’ with one highly trained journalist, working alone with nothing but an iPhone.

No more TV news ‘crews’, no editors and no field producers.

This is television news done the way newspaper journalism is done – one reporter with their electronic pad and pencil.

In doing this, we can cut the cost of production by as much as 75% while increasing ratings and audience engagement.

In the place of conventional TV news ‘packages’ – ie, reporter stand up, interview, b-roll, man on the street, we marry great journalism with Netflix and Hollywood storytelling.

It’s a combination that works.

We have taken most of our clients to #1 in their respective markets.

And it’s not just for news. Any company, any profit, any NGO and anyone else who is online needs to tell their story in compelling yet cost-effective video. We can teach you to do that. Either in person or virtually.

EXAMPLES OF WHAT WE CAN TEACH YOUR STAFF TO PRODUCE

ITAY HOD

Itay Hod, MMJ with KPIX/CBS in San Francisco, took the 5-Day Intensive Video Storytelling Bootcamp in 2018.

Because he works alone, with only an iPhone, he was able to embed himself with a homeless family.

Here’s the story he produced in a one-day turn.

KIET DO

Kiet Do, an MMJ with KPIX/CBS in San Francisco, took the 5-Day Intensive Video Storytelling Bootcamp in 2021.

Here is a story he produced, all on his own, with only an iPhone and in a one-day turn.

TAYLOR SCHAUB

Taylor Schaub, an MMJ with Spectrum News 1 in LA, took the 5-Day Intensive Video Storytelling Bootcamp in 2023.

Here is a story he turned in only one day, using only an iPhone. It was the first video story he ever did and it was nominated for an Emmy.

THE BOOTCAMP

How do we convert stations and whole networks to working in this way?

Since 1988, we have run intensive 5-Day Video Storytelling Bootcamps

We have done these all over the world.

These are hands-on bootcamps, and participants learn an entirely new way of creating TV news stories.

-We shoot at a 3:1 ratio or lower, so turnaround times are fast.

-We go directly from camera to timelilne and edit – no written scripts. We work in the medium of pictures and sound.

-We are entirely character-driven.

-We are driven by pictures and real events.

-We are focused almost entirely on ’the viewer experience’.

Since 1988, more than 70,000 journalists around the world have taken our bootcamps, either in person on virtualy.

Case Studies

CBS News

We have started to work with CBS News, bringing our ideas of character-driven storytelling to one of the most successful and biggest networks in the United States. Since beginning to work with them ratings have climbed and more importantly, audience engagement is through the ceiling.

Learn More

New York Times Television

We started New York Times Television in 1990 and it was the first paper to be brought into the world of TV. It quickly became one of the most successful non-fiction production companies in the United States. The series and documentaries we produced won many awards including multiple Emmys.

Learn More

The BBC

We have been working with the BBC since the year 2000 helping to convert their national news network to our visual storytelling technique. Most recently we have trained teams from their sports, documentaries, and comedy divisions to make character-driven stories using only smartphones.

Learn More

Spectrum News

For the past five years we have worked with Spectrum News to introduce and train their journalists on visual, character driven storytelling using smartphones helping to create a different kind of local news for their network of 24-Hour News Stations across the United States.

Learn More

The United Nations

In 2006, we were approached by the United Nations. Rather than rely on news outlets, it would be much easier to train the field operatives to produce their own stories. We spent two years working with the UN, training more than 100 of their staff in bootcamps in Geneva and Nairobi.

Learn More

The Newark Star-Ledger

We trained 50 print reporters at the paper to shoot and tell their own stories, in conjunction with their print work. We built a TV newsroom in their existing print newsroom – you could not ask for a better set and they began to live stream their stories in conjunction with their print work.

Learn More

Mcgraw Hill

We spent two years with McGraw Hill, training more than 150 of their staffers, making them completely video literate. McGraw/Hill media properties we transit included Business Week, Aviation Week, (what was the name of the architecture magazine), and JD Power and Associates.

Learn More

Voice of America

In 1990, we were approached by The Voice of America, the official broadcasting agency for the United States Government. When we met with VOA, they were only a short wave radio broadcaster, but working with them, we took them into television, launching VOA-TV.

Learn More

Oyster Yachts

British based Oyster Yachts makes some of the finest yachts in the world. Like every other company, they had to find a way to feed the never-ending video demands of social media – sites like Instagram and TikTok. We trained the Oyster staff to tell their own stories, using only iPhones.

Learn More

Scottish Environmental Protection Agency

We were approached by SEPA, the Scottish Environmental Protection Agency because they had to continually find a way to ‘feed the media beast’. The result was that SEPA was able to tell their own stories, whenever they wanted, and at almost no additional cost.

Learn More

Michael on Media

Michael Rosenblum has been writing about the media since 1988. His work and ideas have appeared in The Guardian, The Huffington Post, Ilkeston Life and many other publications.

He has been blogging regularly for the past 35 years on this subject. Having taught media studies at Columbia University, NYU and now the University of Oxford, he is considered an expert on this subject.

Continue reading this post or look back at previous posts.

Do You Have Questions About Learning Video Skills?

If you would like to know more about our courses contact us and one of our training advisors will be happy to call you.

Your IP : 216.73.216.134

RE-INVENTING THE TELEVISION NEWS BUSINESS*

A revolution in video storytelling

Creating entirely new & cost-effective production methods

From the world leaders in video production training and the creators of Character Driven Storytelling™

*and every other business that uses video

WHAT WE DO

Over the past 35 years, we have designed, built or restructured some of the most powerful news and journalism companies in the world.

We replace the traditional TV news ‘crew’ with one highly trained journalist, working alone with nothing but an iPhone.

No more TV news ‘crews’, no editors and no field producers.

This is television news done the way newspaper journalism is done – one reporter with their electronic pad and pencil.

In doing this, we can cut the cost of production by as much as 75% while increasing ratings and audience engagement.

In the place of conventional TV news ‘packages’ – ie, reporter stand up, interview, b-roll, man on the street, we marry great journalism with Netflix and Hollywood storytelling.

It’s a combination that works.

We have taken most of our clients to #1 in their respective markets.

And it’s not just for news. Any company, any profit, any NGO and anyone else who is online needs to tell their story in compelling yet cost-effective video. We can teach you to do that. Either in person or virtually.

EXAMPLES OF WHAT WE CAN TEACH YOUR STAFF TO PRODUCE

ITAY HOD

Itay Hod, MMJ with KPIX/CBS in San Francisco, took the 5-Day Intensive Video Storytelling Bootcamp in 2018.

Because he works alone, with only an iPhone, he was able to embed himself with a homeless family.

Here’s the story he produced in a one-day turn.

KIET DO

Kiet Do, an MMJ with KPIX/CBS in San Francisco, took the 5-Day Intensive Video Storytelling Bootcamp in 2021.

Here is a story he produced, all on his own, with only an iPhone and in a one-day turn.

TAYLOR SCHAUB

Taylor Schaub, an MMJ with Spectrum News 1 in LA, took the 5-Day Intensive Video Storytelling Bootcamp in 2023.

Here is a story he turned in only one day, using only an iPhone. It was the first video story he ever did and it was nominated for an Emmy.

THE BOOTCAMP

How do we convert stations and whole networks to working in this way?

Since 1988, we have run intensive 5-Day Video Storytelling Bootcamps

We have done these all over the world.

These are hands-on bootcamps, and participants learn an entirely new way of creating TV news stories.

-We shoot at a 3:1 ratio or lower, so turnaround times are fast.

-We go directly from camera to timelilne and edit – no written scripts. We work in the medium of pictures and sound.

-We are entirely character-driven.

-We are driven by pictures and real events.

-We are focused almost entirely on ’the viewer experience’.

Since 1988, more than 70,000 journalists around the world have taken our bootcamps, either in person on virtualy.

Case Studies

CBS News

New York Times Television

The BBC

Spectrum News

The United Nations

The Newark Star-Ledger

Mcgraw Hill

Voice of America

Oyster Yachts

Scottish Environmental Protection Agency

Michael on Media