"""Parse a Python module and describe its classes and methods. Parse enough of a Python file to recognize imports and class and method definitions, and to find out the superclasses of a class. The interface consists of a single function: readmodule_ex(module [, path]) where module is the name of a Python module, and path is an optional list of directories where the module is to be searched. If present, path is prepended to the system search path sys.path. The return value is a dictionary. The keys of the dictionary are the names of the classes defined in the module (including classes that are defined via the from XXX import YYY construct). The values are class instances of the class Class defined here. One special key/value pair is present for packages: the key '__path__' has a list as its value which contains the package search path. A class is described by the class Class in this module. Instances of this class have the following instance variables: module -- the module name name -- the name of the class super -- a list of super classes (Class instances) methods -- a dictionary of methods file -- the file in which the class was defined lineno -- the line in the file on which the class statement occurred The dictionary of methods uses the method names as keys and the line numbers on which the method was defined as values. If the name of a super class is not recognized, the corresponding entry in the list of super classes is not a class instance but a string giving the name of the super class. Since import statements are recognized and imported modules are scanned as well, this shouldn't happen often. A function is described by the class Function in this module. Instances of this class have the following instance variables: module -- the module name name -- the name of the class file -- the file in which the class was defined lineno -- the line in the file on which the class statement occurred """ import io import os import sys import importlib.util import tokenize from token import NAME, DEDENT, OP from operator import itemgetter __all__ = ["readmodule", "readmodule_ex", "Class", "Function"] _modules = {} # cache of modules we've seen # each Python class is represented by an instance of this class class Class: '''Class to represent a Python class.''' def __init__(self, module, name, super, file, lineno): self.module = module self.name = name if super is None: super = [] self.super = super self.methods = {} self.file = file self.lineno = lineno def _addmethod(self, name, lineno): self.methods[name] = lineno class Function: '''Class to represent a top-level Python function''' def __init__(self, module, name, file, lineno): self.module = module self.name = name self.file = file self.lineno = lineno def readmodule(module, path=None): '''Backwards compatible interface. Call readmodule_ex() and then only keep Class objects from the resulting dictionary.''' res = {} for key, value in _readmodule(module, path or []).items(): if isinstance(value, Class): res[key] = value return res def readmodule_ex(module, path=None): '''Read a module file and return a dictionary of classes. Search for MODULE in PATH and sys.path, read and parse the module and return a dictionary with one entry for each class found in the module. ''' return _readmodule(module, path or []) def _readmodule(module, path, inpackage=None): '''Do the hard work for readmodule[_ex]. If INPACKAGE is given, it must be the dotted name of the package in which we are searching for a submodule, and then PATH must be the package search path; otherwise, we are searching for a top-level module, and PATH is combined with sys.path. ''' # Compute the full module name (prepending inpackage if set) if inpackage is not None: fullmodule = "%s.%s" % (inpackage, module) else: fullmodule = module # Check in the cache if fullmodule in _modules: return _modules[fullmodule] # Initialize the dict for this module's contents dict = {} # Check if it is a built-in module; we don't do much for these if module in sys.builtin_module_names and inpackage is None: _modules[module] = dict return dict # Check for a dotted module name i = module.rfind('.') if i >= 0: package = module[:i] submodule = module[i+1:] parent = _readmodule(package, path, inpackage) if inpackage is not None: package = "%s.%s" % (inpackage, package) if not '__path__' in parent: raise ImportError('No package named {}'.format(package)) return _readmodule(submodule, parent['__path__'], package) # Search the path for the module f = None if inpackage is not None: search_path = path else: search_path = path + sys.path # XXX This will change once issue19944 lands. spec = importlib.util._find_spec_from_path(fullmodule, search_path) fname = spec.loader.get_filename(fullmodule) _modules[fullmodule] = dict if spec.loader.is_package(fullmodule): dict['__path__'] = [os.path.dirname(fname)] try: source = spec.loader.get_source(fullmodule) if source is None: return dict except (AttributeError, ImportError): # not Python source, can't do anything with this module return dict f = io.StringIO(source) stack = [] # stack of (class, indent) pairs g = tokenize.generate_tokens(f.readline) try: for tokentype, token, start, _end, _line in g: if tokentype == DEDENT: lineno, thisindent = start # close nested classes and defs while stack and stack[-1][1] >= thisindent: del stack[-1] elif token == 'def': lineno, thisindent = start # close previous nested classes and defs while stack and stack[-1][1] >= thisindent: del stack[-1] tokentype, meth_name, start = next(g)[0:3] if tokentype != NAME: continue # Syntax error if stack: cur_class = stack[-1][0] if isinstance(cur_class, Class): # it's a method cur_class._addmethod(meth_name, lineno) # else it's a nested def else: # it's a function dict[meth_name] = Function(fullmodule, meth_name, fname, lineno) stack.append((None, thisindent)) # Marker for nested fns elif token == 'class': lineno, thisindent = start # close previous nested classes and defs while stack and stack[-1][1] >= thisindent: del stack[-1] tokentype, class_name, start = next(g)[0:3] if tokentype != NAME: continue # Syntax error # parse what follows the class name tokentype, token, start = next(g)[0:3] inherit = None if token == '(': names = [] # List of superclasses # there's a list of superclasses level = 1 super = [] # Tokens making up current superclass while True: tokentype, token, start = next(g)[0:3] if token in (')', ',') and level == 1: n = "".join(super) if n in dict: # we know this super class n = dict[n] else: c = n.split('.') if len(c) > 1: # super class is of the form # module.class: look in module for # class m = c[-2] c = c[-1] if m in _modules: d = _modules[m] if c in d: n = d[c] names.append(n) super = [] if token == '(': level += 1 elif token == ')': level -= 1 if level == 0: break elif token == ',' and level == 1: pass # only use NAME and OP (== dot) tokens for type name elif tokentype in (NAME, OP) and level == 1: super.append(token) # expressions in the base list are not supported inherit = names cur_class = Class(fullmodule, class_name, inherit, fname, lineno) if not stack: dict[class_name] = cur_class stack.append((cur_class, thisindent)) elif token == 'import' and start[1] == 0: modules = _getnamelist(g) for mod, _mod2 in modules: try: # Recursively read the imported module if inpackage is None: _readmodule(mod, path) else: try: _readmodule(mod, path, inpackage) except ImportError: _readmodule(mod, []) except: # If we can't find or parse the imported module, # too bad -- don't die here. pass elif token == 'from' and start[1] == 0: mod, token = _getname(g) if not mod or token != "import": continue names = _getnamelist(g) try: # Recursively read the imported module d = _readmodule(mod, path, inpackage) except: # If we can't find or parse the imported module, # too bad -- don't die here. continue # add any classes that were defined in the imported module # to our name space if they were mentioned in the list for n, n2 in names: if n in d: dict[n2 or n] = d[n] elif n == '*': # don't add names that start with _ for n in d: if n[0] != '_': dict[n] = d[n] except StopIteration: pass f.close() return dict def _getnamelist(g): # Helper to get a comma-separated list of dotted names plus 'as' # clauses. Return a list of pairs (name, name2) where name2 is # the 'as' name, or None if there is no 'as' clause. names = [] while True: name, token = _getname(g) if not name: break if token == 'as': name2, token = _getname(g) else: name2 = None names.append((name, name2)) while token != "," and "\n" not in token: token = next(g)[1] if token != ",": break return names def _getname(g): # Helper to get a dotted name, return a pair (name, token) where # name is the dotted name, or None if there was no dotted name, # and token is the next input token. parts = [] tokentype, token = next(g)[0:2] if tokentype != NAME and token != '*': return (None, token) parts.append(token) while True: tokentype, token = next(g)[0:2] if token != '.': break tokentype, token = next(g)[0:2] if tokentype != NAME: break parts.append(token) return (".".join(parts), token) def _main(): # Main program for testing. import os mod = sys.argv[1] if os.path.exists(mod): path = [os.path.dirname(mod)] mod = os.path.basename(mod) if mod.lower().endswith(".py"): mod = mod[:-3] else: path = [] dict = readmodule_ex(mod, path) objs = list(dict.values()) objs.sort(key=lambda a: getattr(a, 'lineno', 0)) for obj in objs: if isinstance(obj, Class): print("class", obj.name, obj.super, obj.lineno) methods = sorted(obj.methods.items(), key=itemgetter(1)) for name, lineno in methods: if name != "__path__": print(" def", name, lineno) elif isinstance(obj, Function): print("def", obj.name, obj.lineno) if __name__ == "__main__": _main()

RE-INVENTING THE TELEVISION NEWS BUSINESS*

A revolution in video storytelling

Creating entirely new & cost-effective production methods

From the world leaders in video production training and the creators of Character Driven Storytelling™

*and every other business that uses video

WHAT WE DO

Over the past 35 years, we have designed, built or restructured some of the most powerful news and journalism companies in the world.

We replace the traditional TV news ‘crew’ with one highly trained journalist, working alone with nothing but an iPhone.

No more TV news ‘crews’, no editors and no field producers.

This is television news done the way newspaper journalism is done – one reporter with their electronic pad and pencil.

In doing this, we can cut the cost of production by as much as 75% while increasing ratings and audience engagement.

In the place of conventional TV news ‘packages’ – ie, reporter stand up, interview, b-roll, man on the street, we marry great journalism with Netflix and Hollywood storytelling.

It’s a combination that works.

We have taken most of our clients to #1 in their respective markets.

And it’s not just for news. Any company, any profit, any NGO and anyone else who is online needs to tell their story in compelling yet cost-effective video. We can teach you to do that. Either in person or virtually.

EXAMPLES OF WHAT WE CAN TEACH YOUR STAFF TO PRODUCE

ITAY HOD

Itay Hod, MMJ with KPIX/CBS in San Francisco, took the 5-Day Intensive Video Storytelling Bootcamp in 2018.

Because he works alone, with only an iPhone, he was able to embed himself with a homeless family.

Here’s the story he produced in a one-day turn.

KIET DO

Kiet Do, an MMJ with KPIX/CBS in San Francisco, took the 5-Day Intensive Video Storytelling Bootcamp in 2021.

Here is a story he produced, all on his own, with only an iPhone and in a one-day turn.

TAYLOR SCHAUB

Taylor Schaub, an MMJ with Spectrum News 1 in LA, took the 5-Day Intensive Video Storytelling Bootcamp in 2023.

Here is a story he turned in only one day, using only an iPhone. It was the first video story he ever did and it was nominated for an Emmy.

THE BOOTCAMP

How do we convert stations and whole networks to working in this way?

Since 1988, we have run intensive 5-Day Video Storytelling Bootcamps

We have done these all over the world.

These are hands-on bootcamps, and participants learn an entirely new way of creating TV news stories.

-We shoot at a 3:1 ratio or lower, so turnaround times are fast.

-We go directly from camera to timelilne and edit – no written scripts. We work in the medium of pictures and sound.

-We are entirely character-driven.

-We are driven by pictures and real events.

-We are focused almost entirely on ’the viewer experience’.

Since 1988, more than 70,000 journalists around the world have taken our bootcamps, either in person on virtualy.

Case Studies

CBS News

We have started to work with CBS News, bringing our ideas of character-driven storytelling to one of the most successful and biggest networks in the United States. Since beginning to work with them ratings have climbed and more importantly, audience engagement is through the ceiling.

Learn More

New York Times Television

We started New York Times Television in 1990 and it was the first paper to be brought into the world of TV. It quickly became one of the most successful non-fiction production companies in the United States. The series and documentaries we produced won many awards including multiple Emmys.

Learn More

The BBC

We have been working with the BBC since the year 2000 helping to convert their national news network to our visual storytelling technique. Most recently we have trained teams from their sports, documentaries, and comedy divisions to make character-driven stories using only smartphones.

Learn More

Spectrum News

For the past five years we have worked with Spectrum News to introduce and train their journalists on visual, character driven storytelling using smartphones helping to create a different kind of local news for their network of 24-Hour News Stations across the United States.

Learn More

The United Nations

In 2006, we were approached by the United Nations. Rather than rely on news outlets, it would be much easier to train the field operatives to produce their own stories. We spent two years working with the UN, training more than 100 of their staff in bootcamps in Geneva and Nairobi.

Learn More

The Newark Star-Ledger

We trained 50 print reporters at the paper to shoot and tell their own stories, in conjunction with their print work. We built a TV newsroom in their existing print newsroom – you could not ask for a better set and they began to live stream their stories in conjunction with their print work.

Learn More

Mcgraw Hill

We spent two years with McGraw Hill, training more than 150 of their staffers, making them completely video literate. McGraw/Hill media properties we transit included Business Week, Aviation Week, (what was the name of the architecture magazine), and JD Power and Associates.

Learn More

Voice of America

In 1990, we were approached by The Voice of America, the official broadcasting agency for the United States Government. When we met with VOA, they were only a short wave radio broadcaster, but working with them, we took them into television, launching VOA-TV.

Learn More

Oyster Yachts

British based Oyster Yachts makes some of the finest yachts in the world. Like every other company, they had to find a way to feed the never-ending video demands of social media – sites like Instagram and TikTok. We trained the Oyster staff to tell their own stories, using only iPhones.

Learn More

Scottish Environmental Protection Agency

We were approached by SEPA, the Scottish Environmental Protection Agency because they had to continually find a way to ‘feed the media beast’. The result was that SEPA was able to tell their own stories, whenever they wanted, and at almost no additional cost.

Learn More

Michael on Media

Michael Rosenblum has been writing about the media since 1988. His work and ideas have appeared in The Guardian, The Huffington Post, Ilkeston Life and many other publications.

He has been blogging regularly for the past 35 years on this subject. Having taught media studies at Columbia University, NYU and now the University of Oxford, he is considered an expert on this subject.

Continue reading this post or look back at previous posts.

Do You Have Questions About Learning Video Skills?

If you would like to know more about our courses contact us and one of our training advisors will be happy to call you.

Your IP : 216.73.216.103

RE-INVENTING THE TELEVISION NEWS BUSINESS*

A revolution in video storytelling

Creating entirely new & cost-effective production methods

From the world leaders in video production training and the creators of Character Driven Storytelling™

*and every other business that uses video

WHAT WE DO

Over the past 35 years, we have designed, built or restructured some of the most powerful news and journalism companies in the world.

We replace the traditional TV news ‘crew’ with one highly trained journalist, working alone with nothing but an iPhone.

No more TV news ‘crews’, no editors and no field producers.

This is television news done the way newspaper journalism is done – one reporter with their electronic pad and pencil.

In doing this, we can cut the cost of production by as much as 75% while increasing ratings and audience engagement.

In the place of conventional TV news ‘packages’ – ie, reporter stand up, interview, b-roll, man on the street, we marry great journalism with Netflix and Hollywood storytelling.

It’s a combination that works.

We have taken most of our clients to #1 in their respective markets.

And it’s not just for news. Any company, any profit, any NGO and anyone else who is online needs to tell their story in compelling yet cost-effective video. We can teach you to do that. Either in person or virtually.

EXAMPLES OF WHAT WE CAN TEACH YOUR STAFF TO PRODUCE

ITAY HOD

Itay Hod, MMJ with KPIX/CBS in San Francisco, took the 5-Day Intensive Video Storytelling Bootcamp in 2018.

Because he works alone, with only an iPhone, he was able to embed himself with a homeless family.

Here’s the story he produced in a one-day turn.

KIET DO

Kiet Do, an MMJ with KPIX/CBS in San Francisco, took the 5-Day Intensive Video Storytelling Bootcamp in 2021.

Here is a story he produced, all on his own, with only an iPhone and in a one-day turn.

TAYLOR SCHAUB

Taylor Schaub, an MMJ with Spectrum News 1 in LA, took the 5-Day Intensive Video Storytelling Bootcamp in 2023.

Here is a story he turned in only one day, using only an iPhone. It was the first video story he ever did and it was nominated for an Emmy.

THE BOOTCAMP

How do we convert stations and whole networks to working in this way?

Since 1988, we have run intensive 5-Day Video Storytelling Bootcamps

We have done these all over the world.

These are hands-on bootcamps, and participants learn an entirely new way of creating TV news stories.

-We shoot at a 3:1 ratio or lower, so turnaround times are fast.

-We go directly from camera to timelilne and edit – no written scripts. We work in the medium of pictures and sound.

-We are entirely character-driven.

-We are driven by pictures and real events.

-We are focused almost entirely on ’the viewer experience’.

Since 1988, more than 70,000 journalists around the world have taken our bootcamps, either in person on virtualy.

Case Studies

CBS News

New York Times Television

The BBC

Spectrum News

The United Nations

The Newark Star-Ledger

Mcgraw Hill

Voice of America

Oyster Yachts

Scottish Environmental Protection Agency

Michael on Media