Current File : //opt/rh/rh-python35/root/lib64/python3.5/pstats.py
"""Class for printing reports on profiled python code."""
# Written by James Roskind
# Based on prior profile module by Sjoerd Mullender...
# which was hacked somewhat by: Guido van Rossum
# Copyright Disney Enterprises, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
# Licensed to PSF under a Contributor Agreement
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND,
# either express or implied. See the License for the specific language
# governing permissions and limitations under the License.
import sys
import os
import time
import marshal
import re
from functools import cmp_to_key
__all__ = ["Stats"]
class Stats:
"""This class is used for creating reports from data generated by the
Profile class. It is a "friend" of that class, and imports data either
by direct access to members of Profile class, or by reading in a dictionary
that was emitted (via marshal) from the Profile class.
The big change from the previous Profiler (in terms of raw functionality)
is that an "add()" method has been provided to combine Stats from
several distinct profile runs. Both the constructor and the add()
method now take arbitrarily many file names as arguments.
All the print methods now take an argument that indicates how many lines
to print. If the arg is a floating point number between 0 and 1.0, then
it is taken as a decimal percentage of the available lines to be printed
(e.g., .1 means print 10% of all available lines). If it is an integer,
it is taken to mean the number of lines of data that you wish to have
printed.
The sort_stats() method now processes some additional options (i.e., in
addition to the old -1, 0, 1, or 2). It takes an arbitrary number of
quoted strings to select the sort order. For example sort_stats('time',
'name') sorts on the major key of 'internal function time', and on the
minor key of 'the name of the function'. Look at the two tables in
sort_stats() and get_sort_arg_defs(self) for more examples.
All methods return self, so you can string together commands like:
Stats('foo', 'goo').strip_dirs().sort_stats('calls').\
print_stats(5).print_callers(5)
"""
def __init__(self, *args, stream=None):
self.stream = stream or sys.stdout
if not len(args):
arg = None
else:
arg = args[0]
args = args[1:]
self.init(arg)
self.add(*args)
def init(self, arg):
self.all_callees = None # calc only if needed
self.files = []
self.fcn_list = None
self.total_tt = 0
self.total_calls = 0
self.prim_calls = 0
self.max_name_len = 0
self.top_level = set()
self.stats = {}
self.sort_arg_dict = {}
self.load_stats(arg)
try:
self.get_top_level_stats()
except Exception:
print("Invalid timing data %s" %
(self.files[-1] if self.files else ''), file=self.stream)
raise
def load_stats(self, arg):
if arg is None:
self.stats = {}
return
elif isinstance(arg, str):
with open(arg, 'rb') as f:
self.stats = marshal.load(f)
try:
file_stats = os.stat(arg)
arg = time.ctime(file_stats.st_mtime) + " " + arg
except: # in case this is not unix
pass
self.files = [arg]
elif hasattr(arg, 'create_stats'):
arg.create_stats()
self.stats = arg.stats
arg.stats = {}
if not self.stats:
raise TypeError("Cannot create or construct a %r object from %r"
% (self.__class__, arg))
return
def get_top_level_stats(self):
for func, (cc, nc, tt, ct, callers) in self.stats.items():
self.total_calls += nc
self.prim_calls += cc
self.total_tt += tt
if ("jprofile", 0, "profiler") in callers:
self.top_level.add(func)
if len(func_std_string(func)) > self.max_name_len:
self.max_name_len = len(func_std_string(func))
def add(self, *arg_list):
if not arg_list:
return self
for item in reversed(arg_list):
if type(self) != type(item):
item = Stats(item)
self.files += item.files
self.total_calls += item.total_calls
self.prim_calls += item.prim_calls
self.total_tt += item.total_tt
for func in item.top_level:
self.top_level.add(func)
if self.max_name_len < item.max_name_len:
self.max_name_len = item.max_name_len
self.fcn_list = None
for func, stat in item.stats.items():
if func in self.stats:
old_func_stat = self.stats[func]
else:
old_func_stat = (0, 0, 0, 0, {},)
self.stats[func] = add_func_stats(old_func_stat, stat)
return self
def dump_stats(self, filename):
"""Write the profile data to a file we know how to load back."""
with open(filename, 'wb') as f:
marshal.dump(self.stats, f)
# list the tuple indices and directions for sorting,
# along with some printable description
sort_arg_dict_default = {
"calls" : (((1,-1), ), "call count"),
"ncalls" : (((1,-1), ), "call count"),
"cumtime" : (((3,-1), ), "cumulative time"),
"cumulative": (((3,-1), ), "cumulative time"),
"file" : (((4, 1), ), "file name"),
"filename" : (((4, 1), ), "file name"),
"line" : (((5, 1), ), "line number"),
"module" : (((4, 1), ), "file name"),
"name" : (((6, 1), ), "function name"),
"nfl" : (((6, 1),(4, 1),(5, 1),), "name/file/line"),
"pcalls" : (((0,-1), ), "primitive call count"),
"stdname" : (((7, 1), ), "standard name"),
"time" : (((2,-1), ), "internal time"),
"tottime" : (((2,-1), ), "internal time"),
}
def get_sort_arg_defs(self):
"""Expand all abbreviations that are unique."""
if not self.sort_arg_dict:
self.sort_arg_dict = dict = {}
bad_list = {}
for word, tup in self.sort_arg_dict_default.items():
fragment = word
while fragment:
if not fragment:
break
if fragment in dict:
bad_list[fragment] = 0
break
dict[fragment] = tup
fragment = fragment[:-1]
for word in bad_list:
del dict[word]
return self.sort_arg_dict
def sort_stats(self, *field):
if not field:
self.fcn_list = 0
return self
if len(field) == 1 and isinstance(field[0], int):
# Be compatible with old profiler
field = [ {-1: "stdname",
0: "calls",
1: "time",
2: "cumulative"}[field[0]] ]
sort_arg_defs = self.get_sort_arg_defs()
sort_tuple = ()
self.sort_type = ""
connector = ""
for word in field:
sort_tuple = sort_tuple + sort_arg_defs[word][0]
self.sort_type += connector + sort_arg_defs[word][1]
connector = ", "
stats_list = []
for func, (cc, nc, tt, ct, callers) in self.stats.items():
stats_list.append((cc, nc, tt, ct) + func +
(func_std_string(func), func))
stats_list.sort(key=cmp_to_key(TupleComp(sort_tuple).compare))
self.fcn_list = fcn_list = []
for tuple in stats_list:
fcn_list.append(tuple[-1])
return self
def reverse_order(self):
if self.fcn_list:
self.fcn_list.reverse()
return self
def strip_dirs(self):
oldstats = self.stats
self.stats = newstats = {}
max_name_len = 0
for func, (cc, nc, tt, ct, callers) in oldstats.items():
newfunc = func_strip_path(func)
if len(func_std_string(newfunc)) > max_name_len:
max_name_len = len(func_std_string(newfunc))
newcallers = {}
for func2, caller in callers.items():
newcallers[func_strip_path(func2)] = caller
if newfunc in newstats:
newstats[newfunc] = add_func_stats(
newstats[newfunc],
(cc, nc, tt, ct, newcallers))
else:
newstats[newfunc] = (cc, nc, tt, ct, newcallers)
old_top = self.top_level
self.top_level = new_top = set()
for func in old_top:
new_top.add(func_strip_path(func))
self.max_name_len = max_name_len
self.fcn_list = None
self.all_callees = None
return self
def calc_callees(self):
if self.all_callees:
return
self.all_callees = all_callees = {}
for func, (cc, nc, tt, ct, callers) in self.stats.items():
if not func in all_callees:
all_callees[func] = {}
for func2, caller in callers.items():
if not func2 in all_callees:
all_callees[func2] = {}
all_callees[func2][func] = caller
return
#******************************************************************
# The following functions support actual printing of reports
#******************************************************************
# Optional "amount" is either a line count, or a percentage of lines.
def eval_print_amount(self, sel, list, msg):
new_list = list
if isinstance(sel, str):
try:
rex = re.compile(sel)
except re.error:
msg += " <Invalid regular expression %r>\n" % sel
return new_list, msg
new_list = []
for func in list:
if rex.search(func_std_string(func)):
new_list.append(func)
else:
count = len(list)
if isinstance(sel, float) and 0.0 <= sel < 1.0:
count = int(count * sel + .5)
new_list = list[:count]
elif isinstance(sel, int) and 0 <= sel < count:
count = sel
new_list = list[:count]
if len(list) != len(new_list):
msg += " List reduced from %r to %r due to restriction <%r>\n" % (
len(list), len(new_list), sel)
return new_list, msg
def get_print_list(self, sel_list):
width = self.max_name_len
if self.fcn_list:
stat_list = self.fcn_list[:]
msg = " Ordered by: " + self.sort_type + '\n'
else:
stat_list = list(self.stats.keys())
msg = " Random listing order was used\n"
for selection in sel_list:
stat_list, msg = self.eval_print_amount(selection, stat_list, msg)
count = len(stat_list)
if not stat_list:
return 0, stat_list
print(msg, file=self.stream)
if count < len(self.stats):
width = 0
for func in stat_list:
if len(func_std_string(func)) > width:
width = len(func_std_string(func))
return width+2, stat_list
def print_stats(self, *amount):
for filename in self.files:
print(filename, file=self.stream)
if self.files:
print(file=self.stream)
indent = ' ' * 8
for func in self.top_level:
print(indent, func_get_function_name(func), file=self.stream)
print(indent, self.total_calls, "function calls", end=' ', file=self.stream)
if self.total_calls != self.prim_calls:
print("(%d primitive calls)" % self.prim_calls, end=' ', file=self.stream)
print("in %.3f seconds" % self.total_tt, file=self.stream)
print(file=self.stream)
width, list = self.get_print_list(amount)
if list:
self.print_title()
for func in list:
self.print_line(func)
print(file=self.stream)
print(file=self.stream)
return self
def print_callees(self, *amount):
width, list = self.get_print_list(amount)
if list:
self.calc_callees()
self.print_call_heading(width, "called...")
for func in list:
if func in self.all_callees:
self.print_call_line(width, func, self.all_callees[func])
else:
self.print_call_line(width, func, {})
print(file=self.stream)
print(file=self.stream)
return self
def print_callers(self, *amount):
width, list = self.get_print_list(amount)
if list:
self.print_call_heading(width, "was called by...")
for func in list:
cc, nc, tt, ct, callers = self.stats[func]
self.print_call_line(width, func, callers, "<-")
print(file=self.stream)
print(file=self.stream)
return self
def print_call_heading(self, name_size, column_title):
print("Function ".ljust(name_size) + column_title, file=self.stream)
# print sub-header only if we have new-style callers
subheader = False
for cc, nc, tt, ct, callers in self.stats.values():
if callers:
value = next(iter(callers.values()))
subheader = isinstance(value, tuple)
break
if subheader:
print(" "*name_size + " ncalls tottime cumtime", file=self.stream)
def print_call_line(self, name_size, source, call_dict, arrow="->"):
print(func_std_string(source).ljust(name_size) + arrow, end=' ', file=self.stream)
if not call_dict:
print(file=self.stream)
return
clist = sorted(call_dict.keys())
indent = ""
for func in clist:
name = func_std_string(func)
value = call_dict[func]
if isinstance(value, tuple):
nc, cc, tt, ct = value
if nc != cc:
substats = '%d/%d' % (nc, cc)
else:
substats = '%d' % (nc,)
substats = '%s %s %s %s' % (substats.rjust(7+2*len(indent)),
f8(tt), f8(ct), name)
left_width = name_size + 1
else:
substats = '%s(%r) %s' % (name, value, f8(self.stats[func][3]))
left_width = name_size + 3
print(indent*left_width + substats, file=self.stream)
indent = " "
def print_title(self):
print(' ncalls tottime percall cumtime percall', end=' ', file=self.stream)
print('filename:lineno(function)', file=self.stream)
def print_line(self, func): # hack: should print percentages
cc, nc, tt, ct, callers = self.stats[func]
c = str(nc)
if nc != cc:
c = c + '/' + str(cc)
print(c.rjust(9), end=' ', file=self.stream)
print(f8(tt), end=' ', file=self.stream)
if nc == 0:
print(' '*8, end=' ', file=self.stream)
else:
print(f8(tt/nc), end=' ', file=self.stream)
print(f8(ct), end=' ', file=self.stream)
if cc == 0:
print(' '*8, end=' ', file=self.stream)
else:
print(f8(ct/cc), end=' ', file=self.stream)
print(func_std_string(func), file=self.stream)
class TupleComp:
"""This class provides a generic function for comparing any two tuples.
Each instance records a list of tuple-indices (from most significant
to least significant), and sort direction (ascending or decending) for
each tuple-index. The compare functions can then be used as the function
argument to the system sort() function when a list of tuples need to be
sorted in the instances order."""
def __init__(self, comp_select_list):
self.comp_select_list = comp_select_list
def compare (self, left, right):
for index, direction in self.comp_select_list:
l = left[index]
r = right[index]
if l < r:
return -direction
if l > r:
return direction
return 0
#**************************************************************************
# func_name is a triple (file:string, line:int, name:string)
def func_strip_path(func_name):
filename, line, name = func_name
return os.path.basename(filename), line, name
def func_get_function_name(func):
return func[2]
def func_std_string(func_name): # match what old profile produced
if func_name[:2] == ('~', 0):
# special case for built-in functions
name = func_name[2]
if name.startswith('<') and name.endswith('>'):
return '{%s}' % name[1:-1]
else:
return name
else:
return "%s:%d(%s)" % func_name
#**************************************************************************
# The following functions combine statists for pairs functions.
# The bulk of the processing involves correctly handling "call" lists,
# such as callers and callees.
#**************************************************************************
def add_func_stats(target, source):
"""Add together all the stats for two profile entries."""
cc, nc, tt, ct, callers = source
t_cc, t_nc, t_tt, t_ct, t_callers = target
return (cc+t_cc, nc+t_nc, tt+t_tt, ct+t_ct,
add_callers(t_callers, callers))
def add_callers(target, source):
"""Combine two caller lists in a single list."""
new_callers = {}
for func, caller in target.items():
new_callers[func] = caller
for func, caller in source.items():
if func in new_callers:
if isinstance(caller, tuple):
# format used by cProfile
new_callers[func] = tuple([i[0] + i[1] for i in
zip(caller, new_callers[func])])
else:
# format used by profile
new_callers[func] += caller
else:
new_callers[func] = caller
return new_callers
def count_calls(callers):
"""Sum the caller statistics to get total number of calls received."""
nc = 0
for calls in callers.values():
nc += calls
return nc
#**************************************************************************
# The following functions support printing of reports
#**************************************************************************
def f8(x):
return "%8.3f" % x
#**************************************************************************
# Statistics browser added by ESR, April 2001
#**************************************************************************
if __name__ == '__main__':
import cmd
try:
import readline
except ImportError:
pass
class ProfileBrowser(cmd.Cmd):
def __init__(self, profile=None):
cmd.Cmd.__init__(self)
self.prompt = "% "
self.stats = None
self.stream = sys.stdout
if profile is not None:
self.do_read(profile)
def generic(self, fn, line):
args = line.split()
processed = []
for term in args:
try:
processed.append(int(term))
continue
except ValueError:
pass
try:
frac = float(term)
if frac > 1 or frac < 0:
print("Fraction argument must be in [0, 1]", file=self.stream)
continue
processed.append(frac)
continue
except ValueError:
pass
processed.append(term)
if self.stats:
getattr(self.stats, fn)(*processed)
else:
print("No statistics object is loaded.", file=self.stream)
return 0
def generic_help(self):
print("Arguments may be:", file=self.stream)
print("* An integer maximum number of entries to print.", file=self.stream)
print("* A decimal fractional number between 0 and 1, controlling", file=self.stream)
print(" what fraction of selected entries to print.", file=self.stream)
print("* A regular expression; only entries with function names", file=self.stream)
print(" that match it are printed.", file=self.stream)
def do_add(self, line):
if self.stats:
self.stats.add(line)
else:
print("No statistics object is loaded.", file=self.stream)
return 0
def help_add(self):
print("Add profile info from given file to current statistics object.", file=self.stream)
def do_callees(self, line):
return self.generic('print_callees', line)
def help_callees(self):
print("Print callees statistics from the current stat object.", file=self.stream)
self.generic_help()
def do_callers(self, line):
return self.generic('print_callers', line)
def help_callers(self):
print("Print callers statistics from the current stat object.", file=self.stream)
self.generic_help()
def do_EOF(self, line):
print("", file=self.stream)
return 1
def help_EOF(self):
print("Leave the profile brower.", file=self.stream)
def do_quit(self, line):
return 1
def help_quit(self):
print("Leave the profile brower.", file=self.stream)
def do_read(self, line):
if line:
try:
self.stats = Stats(line)
except OSError as err:
print(err.args[1], file=self.stream)
return
except Exception as err:
print(err.__class__.__name__ + ':', err, file=self.stream)
return
self.prompt = line + "% "
elif len(self.prompt) > 2:
line = self.prompt[:-2]
self.do_read(line)
else:
print("No statistics object is current -- cannot reload.", file=self.stream)
return 0
def help_read(self):
print("Read in profile data from a specified file.", file=self.stream)
print("Without argument, reload the current file.", file=self.stream)
def do_reverse(self, line):
if self.stats:
self.stats.reverse_order()
else:
print("No statistics object is loaded.", file=self.stream)
return 0
def help_reverse(self):
print("Reverse the sort order of the profiling report.", file=self.stream)
def do_sort(self, line):
if not self.stats:
print("No statistics object is loaded.", file=self.stream)
return
abbrevs = self.stats.get_sort_arg_defs()
if line and all((x in abbrevs) for x in line.split()):
self.stats.sort_stats(*line.split())
else:
print("Valid sort keys (unique prefixes are accepted):", file=self.stream)
for (key, value) in Stats.sort_arg_dict_default.items():
print("%s -- %s" % (key, value[1]), file=self.stream)
return 0
def help_sort(self):
print("Sort profile data according to specified keys.", file=self.stream)
print("(Typing `sort' without arguments lists valid keys.)", file=self.stream)
def complete_sort(self, text, *args):
return [a for a in Stats.sort_arg_dict_default if a.startswith(text)]
def do_stats(self, line):
return self.generic('print_stats', line)
def help_stats(self):
print("Print statistics from the current stat object.", file=self.stream)
self.generic_help()
def do_strip(self, line):
if self.stats:
self.stats.strip_dirs()
else:
print("No statistics object is loaded.", file=self.stream)
def help_strip(self):
print("Strip leading path information from filenames in the report.", file=self.stream)
def help_help(self):
print("Show help for a given command.", file=self.stream)
def postcmd(self, stop, line):
if stop:
return stop
return None
if len(sys.argv) > 1:
initprofile = sys.argv[1]
else:
initprofile = None
try:
browser = ProfileBrowser(initprofile)
for profile in sys.argv[2:]:
browser.do_add(profile)
print("Welcome to the profile statistics browser.", file=browser.stream)
browser.cmdloop()
print("Goodbye.", file=browser.stream)
except KeyboardInterrupt:
pass
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For the past five years we have worked with Spectrum News to introduce and train their journalists on visual, character driven storytelling using smartphones helping to create a different kind of local news for their network of 24-Hour News Stations across the United States.
In 2006, we were approached by the United Nations. Rather than rely on news outlets, it would be much easier to train the field operatives to produce their own stories. We spent two years working with the UN, training more than 100 of their staff in bootcamps in Geneva and Nairobi.
We trained 50 print reporters at the paper to shoot and tell their own stories, in conjunction with their print work. We built a TV newsroom in their existing print newsroom – you could not ask for a better set and they began to live stream their stories in conjunction with their print work.
We spent two years with McGraw Hill, training more than 150 of their staffers, making them completely video literate. McGraw/Hill media properties we transit included Business Week, Aviation Week, (what was the name of the architecture magazine), and JD Power and Associates.
In 1990, we were approached by The Voice of America, the official broadcasting agency for the United States Government. When we met with VOA, they were only a short wave radio broadcaster, but working with them, we took them into television, launching VOA-TV.
British based Oyster Yachts makes some of the finest yachts in the world. Like every other company, they had to find a way to feed the never-ending video demands of social media – sites like Instagram and TikTok. We trained the Oyster staff to tell their own stories, using only iPhones.
We were approached by SEPA, the Scottish Environmental Protection Agency because they had to continually find a way to ‘feed the media beast’. The result was that SEPA was able to tell their own stories, whenever they wanted, and at almost no additional cost.
Michael Rosenblum has been writing about the media since 1988. His work and ideas have appeared in The Guardian, The Huffington Post, Ilkeston Life and many other publications.
He has been blogging regularly for the past 35 years on this subject. Having taught media studies at Columbia University, NYU and now the University of Oxford, he is considered an expert on this subject.
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