Current File : //opt/rh/rh-python35/root/lib64/python3.5/locale.py
""" Locale support.
The module provides low-level access to the C lib's locale APIs
and adds high level number formatting APIs as well as a locale
aliasing engine to complement these.
The aliasing engine includes support for many commonly used locale
names and maps them to values suitable for passing to the C lib's
setlocale() function. It also includes default encodings for all
supported locale names.
"""
import sys
import encodings
import encodings.aliases
import re
import collections
from builtins import str as _builtin_str
import functools
# Try importing the _locale module.
#
# If this fails, fall back on a basic 'C' locale emulation.
# Yuck: LC_MESSAGES is non-standard: can't tell whether it exists before
# trying the import. So __all__ is also fiddled at the end of the file.
__all__ = ["getlocale", "getdefaultlocale", "getpreferredencoding", "Error",
"setlocale", "resetlocale", "localeconv", "strcoll", "strxfrm",
"str", "atof", "atoi", "format", "format_string", "currency",
"normalize", "LC_CTYPE", "LC_COLLATE", "LC_TIME", "LC_MONETARY",
"LC_NUMERIC", "LC_ALL", "CHAR_MAX"]
def _strcoll(a,b):
""" strcoll(string,string) -> int.
Compares two strings according to the locale.
"""
return (a > b) - (a < b)
def _strxfrm(s):
""" strxfrm(string) -> string.
Returns a string that behaves for cmp locale-aware.
"""
return s
try:
from _locale import *
except ImportError:
# Locale emulation
CHAR_MAX = 127
LC_ALL = 6
LC_COLLATE = 3
LC_CTYPE = 0
LC_MESSAGES = 5
LC_MONETARY = 4
LC_NUMERIC = 1
LC_TIME = 2
Error = ValueError
def localeconv():
""" localeconv() -> dict.
Returns numeric and monetary locale-specific parameters.
"""
# 'C' locale default values
return {'grouping': [127],
'currency_symbol': '',
'n_sign_posn': 127,
'p_cs_precedes': 127,
'n_cs_precedes': 127,
'mon_grouping': [],
'n_sep_by_space': 127,
'decimal_point': '.',
'negative_sign': '',
'positive_sign': '',
'p_sep_by_space': 127,
'int_curr_symbol': '',
'p_sign_posn': 127,
'thousands_sep': '',
'mon_thousands_sep': '',
'frac_digits': 127,
'mon_decimal_point': '',
'int_frac_digits': 127}
def setlocale(category, value=None):
""" setlocale(integer,string=None) -> string.
Activates/queries locale processing.
"""
if value not in (None, '', 'C'):
raise Error('_locale emulation only supports "C" locale')
return 'C'
# These may or may not exist in _locale, so be sure to set them.
if 'strxfrm' not in globals():
strxfrm = _strxfrm
if 'strcoll' not in globals():
strcoll = _strcoll
_localeconv = localeconv
# With this dict, you can override some items of localeconv's return value.
# This is useful for testing purposes.
_override_localeconv = {}
@functools.wraps(_localeconv)
def localeconv():
d = _localeconv()
if _override_localeconv:
d.update(_override_localeconv)
return d
### Number formatting APIs
# Author: Martin von Loewis
# improved by Georg Brandl
# Iterate over grouping intervals
def _grouping_intervals(grouping):
last_interval = None
for interval in grouping:
# if grouping is -1, we are done
if interval == CHAR_MAX:
return
# 0: re-use last group ad infinitum
if interval == 0:
if last_interval is None:
raise ValueError("invalid grouping")
while True:
yield last_interval
yield interval
last_interval = interval
#perform the grouping from right to left
def _group(s, monetary=False):
conv = localeconv()
thousands_sep = conv[monetary and 'mon_thousands_sep' or 'thousands_sep']
grouping = conv[monetary and 'mon_grouping' or 'grouping']
if not grouping:
return (s, 0)
if s[-1] == ' ':
stripped = s.rstrip()
right_spaces = s[len(stripped):]
s = stripped
else:
right_spaces = ''
left_spaces = ''
groups = []
for interval in _grouping_intervals(grouping):
if not s or s[-1] not in "0123456789":
# only non-digit characters remain (sign, spaces)
left_spaces = s
s = ''
break
groups.append(s[-interval:])
s = s[:-interval]
if s:
groups.append(s)
groups.reverse()
return (
left_spaces + thousands_sep.join(groups) + right_spaces,
len(thousands_sep) * (len(groups) - 1)
)
# Strip a given amount of excess padding from the given string
def _strip_padding(s, amount):
lpos = 0
while amount and s[lpos] == ' ':
lpos += 1
amount -= 1
rpos = len(s) - 1
while amount and s[rpos] == ' ':
rpos -= 1
amount -= 1
return s[lpos:rpos+1]
_percent_re = re.compile(r'%(?:\((?P<key>.*?)\))?'
r'(?P<modifiers>[-#0-9 +*.hlL]*?)[eEfFgGdiouxXcrs%]')
def format(percent, value, grouping=False, monetary=False, *additional):
"""Returns the locale-aware substitution of a %? specifier
(percent).
additional is for format strings which contain one or more
'*' modifiers."""
# this is only for one-percent-specifier strings and this should be checked
match = _percent_re.match(percent)
if not match or len(match.group())!= len(percent):
raise ValueError(("format() must be given exactly one %%char "
"format specifier, %s not valid") % repr(percent))
return _format(percent, value, grouping, monetary, *additional)
def _format(percent, value, grouping=False, monetary=False, *additional):
if additional:
formatted = percent % ((value,) + additional)
else:
formatted = percent % value
# floats and decimal ints need special action!
if percent[-1] in 'eEfFgG':
seps = 0
parts = formatted.split('.')
if grouping:
parts[0], seps = _group(parts[0], monetary=monetary)
decimal_point = localeconv()[monetary and 'mon_decimal_point'
or 'decimal_point']
formatted = decimal_point.join(parts)
if seps:
formatted = _strip_padding(formatted, seps)
elif percent[-1] in 'diu':
seps = 0
if grouping:
formatted, seps = _group(formatted, monetary=monetary)
if seps:
formatted = _strip_padding(formatted, seps)
return formatted
def format_string(f, val, grouping=False):
"""Formats a string in the same way that the % formatting would use,
but takes the current locale into account.
Grouping is applied if the third parameter is true."""
percents = list(_percent_re.finditer(f))
new_f = _percent_re.sub('%s', f)
if isinstance(val, collections.Mapping):
new_val = []
for perc in percents:
if perc.group()[-1]=='%':
new_val.append('%')
else:
new_val.append(format(perc.group(), val, grouping))
else:
if not isinstance(val, tuple):
val = (val,)
new_val = []
i = 0
for perc in percents:
if perc.group()[-1]=='%':
new_val.append('%')
else:
starcount = perc.group('modifiers').count('*')
new_val.append(_format(perc.group(),
val[i],
grouping,
False,
*val[i+1:i+1+starcount]))
i += (1 + starcount)
val = tuple(new_val)
return new_f % val
def currency(val, symbol=True, grouping=False, international=False):
"""Formats val according to the currency settings
in the current locale."""
conv = localeconv()
# check for illegal values
digits = conv[international and 'int_frac_digits' or 'frac_digits']
if digits == 127:
raise ValueError("Currency formatting is not possible using "
"the 'C' locale.")
s = format('%%.%if' % digits, abs(val), grouping, monetary=True)
# '<' and '>' are markers if the sign must be inserted between symbol and value
s = '<' + s + '>'
if symbol:
smb = conv[international and 'int_curr_symbol' or 'currency_symbol']
precedes = conv[val<0 and 'n_cs_precedes' or 'p_cs_precedes']
separated = conv[val<0 and 'n_sep_by_space' or 'p_sep_by_space']
if precedes:
s = smb + (separated and ' ' or '') + s
else:
s = s + (separated and ' ' or '') + smb
sign_pos = conv[val<0 and 'n_sign_posn' or 'p_sign_posn']
sign = conv[val<0 and 'negative_sign' or 'positive_sign']
if sign_pos == 0:
s = '(' + s + ')'
elif sign_pos == 1:
s = sign + s
elif sign_pos == 2:
s = s + sign
elif sign_pos == 3:
s = s.replace('<', sign)
elif sign_pos == 4:
s = s.replace('>', sign)
else:
# the default if nothing specified;
# this should be the most fitting sign position
s = sign + s
return s.replace('<', '').replace('>', '')
def str(val):
"""Convert float to integer, taking the locale into account."""
return format("%.12g", val)
def delocalize(string):
"Parses a string as a normalized number according to the locale settings."
#First, get rid of the grouping
ts = localeconv()['thousands_sep']
if ts:
string = string.replace(ts, '')
#next, replace the decimal point with a dot
dd = localeconv()['decimal_point']
if dd:
string = string.replace(dd, '.')
return string
def atof(string, func=float):
"Parses a string as a float according to the locale settings."
return func(delocalize(string))
def atoi(string):
"Converts a string to an integer according to the locale settings."
return int(delocalize(string))
def _test():
setlocale(LC_ALL, "")
#do grouping
s1 = format("%d", 123456789,1)
print(s1, "is", atoi(s1))
#standard formatting
s1 = str(3.14)
print(s1, "is", atof(s1))
### Locale name aliasing engine
# Author: Marc-Andre Lemburg, mal@lemburg.com
# Various tweaks by Fredrik Lundh <fredrik@pythonware.com>
# store away the low-level version of setlocale (it's
# overridden below)
_setlocale = setlocale
def _replace_encoding(code, encoding):
if '.' in code:
langname = code[:code.index('.')]
else:
langname = code
# Convert the encoding to a C lib compatible encoding string
norm_encoding = encodings.normalize_encoding(encoding)
#print('norm encoding: %r' % norm_encoding)
norm_encoding = encodings.aliases.aliases.get(norm_encoding.lower(),
norm_encoding)
#print('aliased encoding: %r' % norm_encoding)
encoding = norm_encoding
norm_encoding = norm_encoding.lower()
if norm_encoding in locale_encoding_alias:
encoding = locale_encoding_alias[norm_encoding]
else:
norm_encoding = norm_encoding.replace('_', '')
norm_encoding = norm_encoding.replace('-', '')
if norm_encoding in locale_encoding_alias:
encoding = locale_encoding_alias[norm_encoding]
#print('found encoding %r' % encoding)
return langname + '.' + encoding
def _append_modifier(code, modifier):
if modifier == 'euro':
if '.' not in code:
return code + '.ISO8859-15'
_, _, encoding = code.partition('.')
if encoding in ('ISO8859-15', 'UTF-8'):
return code
if encoding == 'ISO8859-1':
return _replace_encoding(code, 'ISO8859-15')
return code + '@' + modifier
def normalize(localename):
""" Returns a normalized locale code for the given locale
name.
The returned locale code is formatted for use with
setlocale().
If normalization fails, the original name is returned
unchanged.
If the given encoding is not known, the function defaults to
the default encoding for the locale code just like setlocale()
does.
"""
# Normalize the locale name and extract the encoding and modifier
code = localename.lower()
if ':' in code:
# ':' is sometimes used as encoding delimiter.
code = code.replace(':', '.')
if '@' in code:
code, modifier = code.split('@', 1)
else:
modifier = ''
if '.' in code:
langname, encoding = code.split('.')[:2]
else:
langname = code
encoding = ''
# First lookup: fullname (possibly with encoding and modifier)
lang_enc = langname
if encoding:
norm_encoding = encoding.replace('-', '')
norm_encoding = norm_encoding.replace('_', '')
lang_enc += '.' + norm_encoding
lookup_name = lang_enc
if modifier:
lookup_name += '@' + modifier
code = locale_alias.get(lookup_name, None)
if code is not None:
return code
#print('first lookup failed')
if modifier:
# Second try: fullname without modifier (possibly with encoding)
code = locale_alias.get(lang_enc, None)
if code is not None:
#print('lookup without modifier succeeded')
if '@' not in code:
return _append_modifier(code, modifier)
if code.split('@', 1)[1].lower() == modifier:
return code
#print('second lookup failed')
if encoding:
# Third try: langname (without encoding, possibly with modifier)
lookup_name = langname
if modifier:
lookup_name += '@' + modifier
code = locale_alias.get(lookup_name, None)
if code is not None:
#print('lookup without encoding succeeded')
if '@' not in code:
return _replace_encoding(code, encoding)
code, modifier = code.split('@', 1)
return _replace_encoding(code, encoding) + '@' + modifier
if modifier:
# Fourth try: langname (without encoding and modifier)
code = locale_alias.get(langname, None)
if code is not None:
#print('lookup without modifier and encoding succeeded')
if '@' not in code:
code = _replace_encoding(code, encoding)
return _append_modifier(code, modifier)
code, defmod = code.split('@', 1)
if defmod.lower() == modifier:
return _replace_encoding(code, encoding) + '@' + defmod
return localename
def _parse_localename(localename):
""" Parses the locale code for localename and returns the
result as tuple (language code, encoding).
The localename is normalized and passed through the locale
alias engine. A ValueError is raised in case the locale name
cannot be parsed.
The language code corresponds to RFC 1766. code and encoding
can be None in case the values cannot be determined or are
unknown to this implementation.
"""
code = normalize(localename)
if '@' in code:
# Deal with locale modifiers
code, modifier = code.split('@', 1)
if modifier == 'euro' and '.' not in code:
# Assume Latin-9 for @euro locales. This is bogus,
# since some systems may use other encodings for these
# locales. Also, we ignore other modifiers.
return code, 'iso-8859-15'
if '.' in code:
return tuple(code.split('.')[:2])
elif code == 'C':
return None, None
raise ValueError('unknown locale: %s' % localename)
def _build_localename(localetuple):
""" Builds a locale code from the given tuple (language code,
encoding).
No aliasing or normalizing takes place.
"""
try:
language, encoding = localetuple
if language is None:
language = 'C'
if encoding is None:
return language
else:
return language + '.' + encoding
except (TypeError, ValueError):
raise TypeError('Locale must be None, a string, or an iterable of two strings -- language code, encoding.')
def getdefaultlocale(envvars=('LC_ALL', 'LC_CTYPE', 'LANG', 'LANGUAGE')):
""" Tries to determine the default locale settings and returns
them as tuple (language code, encoding).
According to POSIX, a program which has not called
setlocale(LC_ALL, "") runs using the portable 'C' locale.
Calling setlocale(LC_ALL, "") lets it use the default locale as
defined by the LANG variable. Since we don't want to interfere
with the current locale setting we thus emulate the behavior
in the way described above.
To maintain compatibility with other platforms, not only the
LANG variable is tested, but a list of variables given as
envvars parameter. The first found to be defined will be
used. envvars defaults to the search path used in GNU gettext;
it must always contain the variable name 'LANG'.
Except for the code 'C', the language code corresponds to RFC
1766. code and encoding can be None in case the values cannot
be determined.
"""
try:
# check if it's supported by the _locale module
import _locale
code, encoding = _locale._getdefaultlocale()
except (ImportError, AttributeError):
pass
else:
# make sure the code/encoding values are valid
if sys.platform == "win32" and code and code[:2] == "0x":
# map windows language identifier to language name
code = windows_locale.get(int(code, 0))
# ...add other platform-specific processing here, if
# necessary...
return code, encoding
# fall back on POSIX behaviour
import os
lookup = os.environ.get
for variable in envvars:
localename = lookup(variable,None)
if localename:
if variable == 'LANGUAGE':
localename = localename.split(':')[0]
break
else:
localename = 'C'
return _parse_localename(localename)
def getlocale(category=LC_CTYPE):
""" Returns the current setting for the given locale category as
tuple (language code, encoding).
category may be one of the LC_* value except LC_ALL. It
defaults to LC_CTYPE.
Except for the code 'C', the language code corresponds to RFC
1766. code and encoding can be None in case the values cannot
be determined.
"""
localename = _setlocale(category)
if category == LC_ALL and ';' in localename:
raise TypeError('category LC_ALL is not supported')
return _parse_localename(localename)
def setlocale(category, locale=None):
""" Set the locale for the given category. The locale can be
a string, an iterable of two strings (language code and encoding),
or None.
Iterables are converted to strings using the locale aliasing
engine. Locale strings are passed directly to the C lib.
category may be given as one of the LC_* values.
"""
if locale and not isinstance(locale, _builtin_str):
# convert to string
locale = normalize(_build_localename(locale))
return _setlocale(category, locale)
def resetlocale(category=LC_ALL):
""" Sets the locale for category to the default setting.
The default setting is determined by calling
getdefaultlocale(). category defaults to LC_ALL.
"""
_setlocale(category, _build_localename(getdefaultlocale()))
if sys.platform.startswith("win"):
# On Win32, this will return the ANSI code page
def getpreferredencoding(do_setlocale = True):
"""Return the charset that the user is likely using."""
import _bootlocale
return _bootlocale.getpreferredencoding(False)
else:
# On Unix, if CODESET is available, use that.
try:
CODESET
except NameError:
# Fall back to parsing environment variables :-(
def getpreferredencoding(do_setlocale = True):
"""Return the charset that the user is likely using,
by looking at environment variables."""
res = getdefaultlocale()[1]
if res is None:
# LANG not set, default conservatively to ASCII
res = 'ascii'
return res
else:
def getpreferredencoding(do_setlocale = True):
"""Return the charset that the user is likely using,
according to the system configuration."""
import _bootlocale
if do_setlocale:
oldloc = setlocale(LC_CTYPE)
try:
setlocale(LC_CTYPE, "")
except Error:
pass
result = _bootlocale.getpreferredencoding(False)
if do_setlocale:
setlocale(LC_CTYPE, oldloc)
return result
### Database
#
# The following data was extracted from the locale.alias file which
# comes with X11 and then hand edited removing the explicit encoding
# definitions and adding some more aliases. The file is usually
# available as /usr/lib/X11/locale/locale.alias.
#
#
# The local_encoding_alias table maps lowercase encoding alias names
# to C locale encoding names (case-sensitive). Note that normalize()
# first looks up the encoding in the encodings.aliases dictionary and
# then applies this mapping to find the correct C lib name for the
# encoding.
#
locale_encoding_alias = {
# Mappings for non-standard encoding names used in locale names
'437': 'C',
'c': 'C',
'en': 'ISO8859-1',
'jis': 'JIS7',
'jis7': 'JIS7',
'ajec': 'eucJP',
'koi8c': 'KOI8-C',
'microsoftcp1251': 'CP1251',
'microsoftcp1255': 'CP1255',
'microsoftcp1256': 'CP1256',
'88591': 'ISO8859-1',
'88592': 'ISO8859-2',
'88595': 'ISO8859-5',
'885915': 'ISO8859-15',
# Mappings from Python codec names to C lib encoding names
'ascii': 'ISO8859-1',
'latin_1': 'ISO8859-1',
'iso8859_1': 'ISO8859-1',
'iso8859_10': 'ISO8859-10',
'iso8859_11': 'ISO8859-11',
'iso8859_13': 'ISO8859-13',
'iso8859_14': 'ISO8859-14',
'iso8859_15': 'ISO8859-15',
'iso8859_16': 'ISO8859-16',
'iso8859_2': 'ISO8859-2',
'iso8859_3': 'ISO8859-3',
'iso8859_4': 'ISO8859-4',
'iso8859_5': 'ISO8859-5',
'iso8859_6': 'ISO8859-6',
'iso8859_7': 'ISO8859-7',
'iso8859_8': 'ISO8859-8',
'iso8859_9': 'ISO8859-9',
'iso2022_jp': 'JIS7',
'shift_jis': 'SJIS',
'tactis': 'TACTIS',
'euc_jp': 'eucJP',
'euc_kr': 'eucKR',
'utf_8': 'UTF-8',
'koi8_r': 'KOI8-R',
'koi8_t': 'KOI8-T',
'koi8_u': 'KOI8-U',
'kz1048': 'RK1048',
'cp1251': 'CP1251',
'cp1255': 'CP1255',
'cp1256': 'CP1256',
# XXX This list is still incomplete. If you know more
# mappings, please file a bug report. Thanks.
}
for k, v in sorted(locale_encoding_alias.items()):
k = k.replace('_', '')
locale_encoding_alias.setdefault(k, v)
#
# The locale_alias table maps lowercase alias names to C locale names
# (case-sensitive). Encodings are always separated from the locale
# name using a dot ('.'); they should only be given in case the
# language name is needed to interpret the given encoding alias
# correctly (CJK codes often have this need).
#
# Note that the normalize() function which uses this tables
# removes '_' and '-' characters from the encoding part of the
# locale name before doing the lookup. This saves a lot of
# space in the table.
#
# MAL 2004-12-10:
# Updated alias mapping to most recent locale.alias file
# from X.org distribution using makelocalealias.py.
#
# These are the differences compared to the old mapping (Python 2.4
# and older):
#
# updated 'bg' -> 'bg_BG.ISO8859-5' to 'bg_BG.CP1251'
# updated 'bg_bg' -> 'bg_BG.ISO8859-5' to 'bg_BG.CP1251'
# updated 'bulgarian' -> 'bg_BG.ISO8859-5' to 'bg_BG.CP1251'
# updated 'cz' -> 'cz_CZ.ISO8859-2' to 'cs_CZ.ISO8859-2'
# updated 'cz_cz' -> 'cz_CZ.ISO8859-2' to 'cs_CZ.ISO8859-2'
# updated 'czech' -> 'cs_CS.ISO8859-2' to 'cs_CZ.ISO8859-2'
# updated 'dutch' -> 'nl_BE.ISO8859-1' to 'nl_NL.ISO8859-1'
# updated 'et' -> 'et_EE.ISO8859-4' to 'et_EE.ISO8859-15'
# updated 'et_ee' -> 'et_EE.ISO8859-4' to 'et_EE.ISO8859-15'
# updated 'fi' -> 'fi_FI.ISO8859-1' to 'fi_FI.ISO8859-15'
# updated 'fi_fi' -> 'fi_FI.ISO8859-1' to 'fi_FI.ISO8859-15'
# updated 'iw' -> 'iw_IL.ISO8859-8' to 'he_IL.ISO8859-8'
# updated 'iw_il' -> 'iw_IL.ISO8859-8' to 'he_IL.ISO8859-8'
# updated 'japanese' -> 'ja_JP.SJIS' to 'ja_JP.eucJP'
# updated 'lt' -> 'lt_LT.ISO8859-4' to 'lt_LT.ISO8859-13'
# updated 'lv' -> 'lv_LV.ISO8859-4' to 'lv_LV.ISO8859-13'
# updated 'sl' -> 'sl_CS.ISO8859-2' to 'sl_SI.ISO8859-2'
# updated 'slovene' -> 'sl_CS.ISO8859-2' to 'sl_SI.ISO8859-2'
# updated 'th_th' -> 'th_TH.TACTIS' to 'th_TH.ISO8859-11'
# updated 'zh_cn' -> 'zh_CN.eucCN' to 'zh_CN.gb2312'
# updated 'zh_cn.big5' -> 'zh_TW.eucTW' to 'zh_TW.big5'
# updated 'zh_tw' -> 'zh_TW.eucTW' to 'zh_TW.big5'
#
# MAL 2008-05-30:
# Updated alias mapping to most recent locale.alias file
# from X.org distribution using makelocalealias.py.
#
# These are the differences compared to the old mapping (Python 2.5
# and older):
#
# updated 'cs_cs.iso88592' -> 'cs_CZ.ISO8859-2' to 'cs_CS.ISO8859-2'
# updated 'serbocroatian' -> 'sh_YU.ISO8859-2' to 'sr_CS.ISO8859-2'
# updated 'sh' -> 'sh_YU.ISO8859-2' to 'sr_CS.ISO8859-2'
# updated 'sh_hr.iso88592' -> 'sh_HR.ISO8859-2' to 'hr_HR.ISO8859-2'
# updated 'sh_sp' -> 'sh_YU.ISO8859-2' to 'sr_CS.ISO8859-2'
# updated 'sh_yu' -> 'sh_YU.ISO8859-2' to 'sr_CS.ISO8859-2'
# updated 'sp' -> 'sp_YU.ISO8859-5' to 'sr_CS.ISO8859-5'
# updated 'sp_yu' -> 'sp_YU.ISO8859-5' to 'sr_CS.ISO8859-5'
# updated 'sr' -> 'sr_YU.ISO8859-5' to 'sr_CS.ISO8859-5'
# updated 'sr@cyrillic' -> 'sr_YU.ISO8859-5' to 'sr_CS.ISO8859-5'
# updated 'sr_sp' -> 'sr_SP.ISO8859-2' to 'sr_CS.ISO8859-2'
# updated 'sr_yu' -> 'sr_YU.ISO8859-5' to 'sr_CS.ISO8859-5'
# updated 'sr_yu.cp1251@cyrillic' -> 'sr_YU.CP1251' to 'sr_CS.CP1251'
# updated 'sr_yu.iso88592' -> 'sr_YU.ISO8859-2' to 'sr_CS.ISO8859-2'
# updated 'sr_yu.iso88595' -> 'sr_YU.ISO8859-5' to 'sr_CS.ISO8859-5'
# updated 'sr_yu.iso88595@cyrillic' -> 'sr_YU.ISO8859-5' to 'sr_CS.ISO8859-5'
# updated 'sr_yu.microsoftcp1251@cyrillic' -> 'sr_YU.CP1251' to 'sr_CS.CP1251'
# updated 'sr_yu.utf8@cyrillic' -> 'sr_YU.UTF-8' to 'sr_CS.UTF-8'
# updated 'sr_yu@cyrillic' -> 'sr_YU.ISO8859-5' to 'sr_CS.ISO8859-5'
#
# AP 2010-04-12:
# Updated alias mapping to most recent locale.alias file
# from X.org distribution using makelocalealias.py.
#
# These are the differences compared to the old mapping (Python 2.6.5
# and older):
#
# updated 'ru' -> 'ru_RU.ISO8859-5' to 'ru_RU.UTF-8'
# updated 'ru_ru' -> 'ru_RU.ISO8859-5' to 'ru_RU.UTF-8'
# updated 'serbocroatian' -> 'sr_CS.ISO8859-2' to 'sr_RS.UTF-8@latin'
# updated 'sh' -> 'sr_CS.ISO8859-2' to 'sr_RS.UTF-8@latin'
# updated 'sh_yu' -> 'sr_CS.ISO8859-2' to 'sr_RS.UTF-8@latin'
# updated 'sr' -> 'sr_CS.ISO8859-5' to 'sr_RS.UTF-8'
# updated 'sr@cyrillic' -> 'sr_CS.ISO8859-5' to 'sr_RS.UTF-8'
# updated 'sr@latn' -> 'sr_CS.ISO8859-2' to 'sr_RS.UTF-8@latin'
# updated 'sr_cs.utf8@latn' -> 'sr_CS.UTF-8' to 'sr_RS.UTF-8@latin'
# updated 'sr_cs@latn' -> 'sr_CS.ISO8859-2' to 'sr_RS.UTF-8@latin'
# updated 'sr_yu' -> 'sr_CS.ISO8859-5' to 'sr_RS.UTF-8@latin'
# updated 'sr_yu.utf8@cyrillic' -> 'sr_CS.UTF-8' to 'sr_RS.UTF-8'
# updated 'sr_yu@cyrillic' -> 'sr_CS.ISO8859-5' to 'sr_RS.UTF-8'
#
# SS 2013-12-20:
# Updated alias mapping to most recent locale.alias file
# from X.org distribution using makelocalealias.py.
#
# These are the differences compared to the old mapping (Python 3.3.3
# and older):
#
# updated 'a3' -> 'a3_AZ.KOI8-C' to 'az_AZ.KOI8-C'
# updated 'a3_az' -> 'a3_AZ.KOI8-C' to 'az_AZ.KOI8-C'
# updated 'a3_az.koi8c' -> 'a3_AZ.KOI8-C' to 'az_AZ.KOI8-C'
# updated 'cs_cs.iso88592' -> 'cs_CS.ISO8859-2' to 'cs_CZ.ISO8859-2'
# updated 'hebrew' -> 'iw_IL.ISO8859-8' to 'he_IL.ISO8859-8'
# updated 'hebrew.iso88598' -> 'iw_IL.ISO8859-8' to 'he_IL.ISO8859-8'
# updated 'sd' -> 'sd_IN@devanagari.UTF-8' to 'sd_IN.UTF-8'
# updated 'sr@latn' -> 'sr_RS.UTF-8@latin' to 'sr_CS.UTF-8@latin'
# updated 'sr_cs' -> 'sr_RS.UTF-8' to 'sr_CS.UTF-8'
# updated 'sr_cs.utf8@latn' -> 'sr_RS.UTF-8@latin' to 'sr_CS.UTF-8@latin'
# updated 'sr_cs@latn' -> 'sr_RS.UTF-8@latin' to 'sr_CS.UTF-8@latin'
#
# SS 2014-10-01:
# Updated alias mapping with glibc 2.19 supported locales.
locale_alias = {
'a3': 'az_AZ.KOI8-C',
'a3_az': 'az_AZ.KOI8-C',
'a3_az.koic': 'az_AZ.KOI8-C',
'aa_dj': 'aa_DJ.ISO8859-1',
'aa_er': 'aa_ER.UTF-8',
'aa_et': 'aa_ET.UTF-8',
'af': 'af_ZA.ISO8859-1',
'af_za': 'af_ZA.ISO8859-1',
'am': 'am_ET.UTF-8',
'am_et': 'am_ET.UTF-8',
'american': 'en_US.ISO8859-1',
'an_es': 'an_ES.ISO8859-15',
'ar': 'ar_AA.ISO8859-6',
'ar_aa': 'ar_AA.ISO8859-6',
'ar_ae': 'ar_AE.ISO8859-6',
'ar_bh': 'ar_BH.ISO8859-6',
'ar_dz': 'ar_DZ.ISO8859-6',
'ar_eg': 'ar_EG.ISO8859-6',
'ar_in': 'ar_IN.UTF-8',
'ar_iq': 'ar_IQ.ISO8859-6',
'ar_jo': 'ar_JO.ISO8859-6',
'ar_kw': 'ar_KW.ISO8859-6',
'ar_lb': 'ar_LB.ISO8859-6',
'ar_ly': 'ar_LY.ISO8859-6',
'ar_ma': 'ar_MA.ISO8859-6',
'ar_om': 'ar_OM.ISO8859-6',
'ar_qa': 'ar_QA.ISO8859-6',
'ar_sa': 'ar_SA.ISO8859-6',
'ar_sd': 'ar_SD.ISO8859-6',
'ar_sy': 'ar_SY.ISO8859-6',
'ar_tn': 'ar_TN.ISO8859-6',
'ar_ye': 'ar_YE.ISO8859-6',
'arabic': 'ar_AA.ISO8859-6',
'as': 'as_IN.UTF-8',
'as_in': 'as_IN.UTF-8',
'ast_es': 'ast_ES.ISO8859-15',
'ayc_pe': 'ayc_PE.UTF-8',
'az': 'az_AZ.ISO8859-9E',
'az_az': 'az_AZ.ISO8859-9E',
'az_az.iso88599e': 'az_AZ.ISO8859-9E',
'be': 'be_BY.CP1251',
'be@latin': 'be_BY.UTF-8@latin',
'be_bg.utf8': 'bg_BG.UTF-8',
'be_by': 'be_BY.CP1251',
'be_by@latin': 'be_BY.UTF-8@latin',
'bem_zm': 'bem_ZM.UTF-8',
'ber_dz': 'ber_DZ.UTF-8',
'ber_ma': 'ber_MA.UTF-8',
'bg': 'bg_BG.CP1251',
'bg_bg': 'bg_BG.CP1251',
'bho_in': 'bho_IN.UTF-8',
'bn_bd': 'bn_BD.UTF-8',
'bn_in': 'bn_IN.UTF-8',
'bo_cn': 'bo_CN.UTF-8',
'bo_in': 'bo_IN.UTF-8',
'bokmal': 'nb_NO.ISO8859-1',
'bokm\xe5l': 'nb_NO.ISO8859-1',
'br': 'br_FR.ISO8859-1',
'br_fr': 'br_FR.ISO8859-1',
'brx_in': 'brx_IN.UTF-8',
'bs': 'bs_BA.ISO8859-2',
'bs_ba': 'bs_BA.ISO8859-2',
'bulgarian': 'bg_BG.CP1251',
'byn_er': 'byn_ER.UTF-8',
'c': 'C',
'c-french': 'fr_CA.ISO8859-1',
'c.ascii': 'C',
'c.en': 'C',
'c.iso88591': 'en_US.ISO8859-1',
'c.utf8': 'en_US.UTF-8',
'c_c': 'C',
'c_c.c': 'C',
'ca': 'ca_ES.ISO8859-1',
'ca_ad': 'ca_AD.ISO8859-1',
'ca_es': 'ca_ES.ISO8859-1',
'ca_es@valencia': 'ca_ES.ISO8859-15@valencia',
'ca_fr': 'ca_FR.ISO8859-1',
'ca_it': 'ca_IT.ISO8859-1',
'catalan': 'ca_ES.ISO8859-1',
'cextend': 'en_US.ISO8859-1',
'chinese-s': 'zh_CN.eucCN',
'chinese-t': 'zh_TW.eucTW',
'crh_ua': 'crh_UA.UTF-8',
'croatian': 'hr_HR.ISO8859-2',
'cs': 'cs_CZ.ISO8859-2',
'cs_cs': 'cs_CZ.ISO8859-2',
'cs_cz': 'cs_CZ.ISO8859-2',
'csb_pl': 'csb_PL.UTF-8',
'cv_ru': 'cv_RU.UTF-8',
'cy': 'cy_GB.ISO8859-1',
'cy_gb': 'cy_GB.ISO8859-1',
'cz': 'cs_CZ.ISO8859-2',
'cz_cz': 'cs_CZ.ISO8859-2',
'czech': 'cs_CZ.ISO8859-2',
'da': 'da_DK.ISO8859-1',
'da_dk': 'da_DK.ISO8859-1',
'danish': 'da_DK.ISO8859-1',
'dansk': 'da_DK.ISO8859-1',
'de': 'de_DE.ISO8859-1',
'de_at': 'de_AT.ISO8859-1',
'de_be': 'de_BE.ISO8859-1',
'de_ch': 'de_CH.ISO8859-1',
'de_de': 'de_DE.ISO8859-1',
'de_li.utf8': 'de_LI.UTF-8',
'de_lu': 'de_LU.ISO8859-1',
'deutsch': 'de_DE.ISO8859-1',
'doi_in': 'doi_IN.UTF-8',
'dutch': 'nl_NL.ISO8859-1',
'dutch.iso88591': 'nl_BE.ISO8859-1',
'dv_mv': 'dv_MV.UTF-8',
'dz_bt': 'dz_BT.UTF-8',
'ee': 'ee_EE.ISO8859-4',
'ee_ee': 'ee_EE.ISO8859-4',
'eesti': 'et_EE.ISO8859-1',
'el': 'el_GR.ISO8859-7',
'el_cy': 'el_CY.ISO8859-7',
'el_gr': 'el_GR.ISO8859-7',
'el_gr@euro': 'el_GR.ISO8859-15',
'en': 'en_US.ISO8859-1',
'en_ag': 'en_AG.UTF-8',
'en_au': 'en_AU.ISO8859-1',
'en_be': 'en_BE.ISO8859-1',
'en_bw': 'en_BW.ISO8859-1',
'en_ca': 'en_CA.ISO8859-1',
'en_dk': 'en_DK.ISO8859-1',
'en_dl.utf8': 'en_DL.UTF-8',
'en_gb': 'en_GB.ISO8859-1',
'en_hk': 'en_HK.ISO8859-1',
'en_ie': 'en_IE.ISO8859-1',
'en_in': 'en_IN.ISO8859-1',
'en_ng': 'en_NG.UTF-8',
'en_nz': 'en_NZ.ISO8859-1',
'en_ph': 'en_PH.ISO8859-1',
'en_sg': 'en_SG.ISO8859-1',
'en_uk': 'en_GB.ISO8859-1',
'en_us': 'en_US.ISO8859-1',
'en_us@euro@euro': 'en_US.ISO8859-15',
'en_za': 'en_ZA.ISO8859-1',
'en_zm': 'en_ZM.UTF-8',
'en_zw': 'en_ZW.ISO8859-1',
'en_zw.utf8': 'en_ZS.UTF-8',
'eng_gb': 'en_GB.ISO8859-1',
'english': 'en_EN.ISO8859-1',
'english_uk': 'en_GB.ISO8859-1',
'english_united-states': 'en_US.ISO8859-1',
'english_united-states.437': 'C',
'english_us': 'en_US.ISO8859-1',
'eo': 'eo_XX.ISO8859-3',
'eo.utf8': 'eo.UTF-8',
'eo_eo': 'eo_EO.ISO8859-3',
'eo_us.utf8': 'eo_US.UTF-8',
'eo_xx': 'eo_XX.ISO8859-3',
'es': 'es_ES.ISO8859-1',
'es_ar': 'es_AR.ISO8859-1',
'es_bo': 'es_BO.ISO8859-1',
'es_cl': 'es_CL.ISO8859-1',
'es_co': 'es_CO.ISO8859-1',
'es_cr': 'es_CR.ISO8859-1',
'es_cu': 'es_CU.UTF-8',
'es_do': 'es_DO.ISO8859-1',
'es_ec': 'es_EC.ISO8859-1',
'es_es': 'es_ES.ISO8859-1',
'es_gt': 'es_GT.ISO8859-1',
'es_hn': 'es_HN.ISO8859-1',
'es_mx': 'es_MX.ISO8859-1',
'es_ni': 'es_NI.ISO8859-1',
'es_pa': 'es_PA.ISO8859-1',
'es_pe': 'es_PE.ISO8859-1',
'es_pr': 'es_PR.ISO8859-1',
'es_py': 'es_PY.ISO8859-1',
'es_sv': 'es_SV.ISO8859-1',
'es_us': 'es_US.ISO8859-1',
'es_uy': 'es_UY.ISO8859-1',
'es_ve': 'es_VE.ISO8859-1',
'estonian': 'et_EE.ISO8859-1',
'et': 'et_EE.ISO8859-15',
'et_ee': 'et_EE.ISO8859-15',
'eu': 'eu_ES.ISO8859-1',
'eu_es': 'eu_ES.ISO8859-1',
'eu_fr': 'eu_FR.ISO8859-1',
'fa': 'fa_IR.UTF-8',
'fa_ir': 'fa_IR.UTF-8',
'fa_ir.isiri3342': 'fa_IR.ISIRI-3342',
'ff_sn': 'ff_SN.UTF-8',
'fi': 'fi_FI.ISO8859-15',
'fi_fi': 'fi_FI.ISO8859-15',
'fil_ph': 'fil_PH.UTF-8',
'finnish': 'fi_FI.ISO8859-1',
'fo': 'fo_FO.ISO8859-1',
'fo_fo': 'fo_FO.ISO8859-1',
'fr': 'fr_FR.ISO8859-1',
'fr_be': 'fr_BE.ISO8859-1',
'fr_ca': 'fr_CA.ISO8859-1',
'fr_ch': 'fr_CH.ISO8859-1',
'fr_fr': 'fr_FR.ISO8859-1',
'fr_lu': 'fr_LU.ISO8859-1',
'fran\xe7ais': 'fr_FR.ISO8859-1',
'fre_fr': 'fr_FR.ISO8859-1',
'french': 'fr_FR.ISO8859-1',
'french.iso88591': 'fr_CH.ISO8859-1',
'french_france': 'fr_FR.ISO8859-1',
'fur_it': 'fur_IT.UTF-8',
'fy_de': 'fy_DE.UTF-8',
'fy_nl': 'fy_NL.UTF-8',
'ga': 'ga_IE.ISO8859-1',
'ga_ie': 'ga_IE.ISO8859-1',
'galego': 'gl_ES.ISO8859-1',
'galician': 'gl_ES.ISO8859-1',
'gd': 'gd_GB.ISO8859-1',
'gd_gb': 'gd_GB.ISO8859-1',
'ger_de': 'de_DE.ISO8859-1',
'german': 'de_DE.ISO8859-1',
'german.iso88591': 'de_CH.ISO8859-1',
'german_germany': 'de_DE.ISO8859-1',
'gez_er': 'gez_ER.UTF-8',
'gez_et': 'gez_ET.UTF-8',
'gl': 'gl_ES.ISO8859-1',
'gl_es': 'gl_ES.ISO8859-1',
'greek': 'el_GR.ISO8859-7',
'gu_in': 'gu_IN.UTF-8',
'gv': 'gv_GB.ISO8859-1',
'gv_gb': 'gv_GB.ISO8859-1',
'ha_ng': 'ha_NG.UTF-8',
'he': 'he_IL.ISO8859-8',
'he_il': 'he_IL.ISO8859-8',
'hebrew': 'he_IL.ISO8859-8',
'hi': 'hi_IN.ISCII-DEV',
'hi_in': 'hi_IN.ISCII-DEV',
'hi_in.isciidev': 'hi_IN.ISCII-DEV',
'hne': 'hne_IN.UTF-8',
'hne_in': 'hne_IN.UTF-8',
'hr': 'hr_HR.ISO8859-2',
'hr_hr': 'hr_HR.ISO8859-2',
'hrvatski': 'hr_HR.ISO8859-2',
'hsb_de': 'hsb_DE.ISO8859-2',
'ht_ht': 'ht_HT.UTF-8',
'hu': 'hu_HU.ISO8859-2',
'hu_hu': 'hu_HU.ISO8859-2',
'hungarian': 'hu_HU.ISO8859-2',
'hy_am': 'hy_AM.UTF-8',
'hy_am.armscii8': 'hy_AM.ARMSCII_8',
'ia': 'ia.UTF-8',
'ia_fr': 'ia_FR.UTF-8',
'icelandic': 'is_IS.ISO8859-1',
'id': 'id_ID.ISO8859-1',
'id_id': 'id_ID.ISO8859-1',
'ig_ng': 'ig_NG.UTF-8',
'ik_ca': 'ik_CA.UTF-8',
'in': 'id_ID.ISO8859-1',
'in_id': 'id_ID.ISO8859-1',
'is': 'is_IS.ISO8859-1',
'is_is': 'is_IS.ISO8859-1',
'iso-8859-1': 'en_US.ISO8859-1',
'iso-8859-15': 'en_US.ISO8859-15',
'iso8859-1': 'en_US.ISO8859-1',
'iso8859-15': 'en_US.ISO8859-15',
'iso_8859_1': 'en_US.ISO8859-1',
'iso_8859_15': 'en_US.ISO8859-15',
'it': 'it_IT.ISO8859-1',
'it_ch': 'it_CH.ISO8859-1',
'it_it': 'it_IT.ISO8859-1',
'italian': 'it_IT.ISO8859-1',
'iu': 'iu_CA.NUNACOM-8',
'iu_ca': 'iu_CA.NUNACOM-8',
'iu_ca.nunacom8': 'iu_CA.NUNACOM-8',
'iw': 'he_IL.ISO8859-8',
'iw_il': 'he_IL.ISO8859-8',
'iw_il.utf8': 'iw_IL.UTF-8',
'ja': 'ja_JP.eucJP',
'ja_jp': 'ja_JP.eucJP',
'ja_jp.euc': 'ja_JP.eucJP',
'ja_jp.mscode': 'ja_JP.SJIS',
'ja_jp.pck': 'ja_JP.SJIS',
'japan': 'ja_JP.eucJP',
'japanese': 'ja_JP.eucJP',
'japanese-euc': 'ja_JP.eucJP',
'japanese.euc': 'ja_JP.eucJP',
'jp_jp': 'ja_JP.eucJP',
'ka': 'ka_GE.GEORGIAN-ACADEMY',
'ka_ge': 'ka_GE.GEORGIAN-ACADEMY',
'ka_ge.georgianacademy': 'ka_GE.GEORGIAN-ACADEMY',
'ka_ge.georgianps': 'ka_GE.GEORGIAN-PS',
'ka_ge.georgianrs': 'ka_GE.GEORGIAN-ACADEMY',
'kk_kz': 'kk_KZ.RK1048',
'kl': 'kl_GL.ISO8859-1',
'kl_gl': 'kl_GL.ISO8859-1',
'km_kh': 'km_KH.UTF-8',
'kn': 'kn_IN.UTF-8',
'kn_in': 'kn_IN.UTF-8',
'ko': 'ko_KR.eucKR',
'ko_kr': 'ko_KR.eucKR',
'ko_kr.euc': 'ko_KR.eucKR',
'kok_in': 'kok_IN.UTF-8',
'korean': 'ko_KR.eucKR',
'korean.euc': 'ko_KR.eucKR',
'ks': 'ks_IN.UTF-8',
'ks_in': 'ks_IN.UTF-8',
'ks_in@devanagari.utf8': 'ks_IN.UTF-8@devanagari',
'ku_tr': 'ku_TR.ISO8859-9',
'kw': 'kw_GB.ISO8859-1',
'kw_gb': 'kw_GB.ISO8859-1',
'ky': 'ky_KG.UTF-8',
'ky_kg': 'ky_KG.UTF-8',
'lb_lu': 'lb_LU.UTF-8',
'lg_ug': 'lg_UG.ISO8859-10',
'li_be': 'li_BE.UTF-8',
'li_nl': 'li_NL.UTF-8',
'lij_it': 'lij_IT.UTF-8',
'lithuanian': 'lt_LT.ISO8859-13',
'lo': 'lo_LA.MULELAO-1',
'lo_la': 'lo_LA.MULELAO-1',
'lo_la.cp1133': 'lo_LA.IBM-CP1133',
'lo_la.ibmcp1133': 'lo_LA.IBM-CP1133',
'lo_la.mulelao1': 'lo_LA.MULELAO-1',
'lt': 'lt_LT.ISO8859-13',
'lt_lt': 'lt_LT.ISO8859-13',
'lv': 'lv_LV.ISO8859-13',
'lv_lv': 'lv_LV.ISO8859-13',
'mag_in': 'mag_IN.UTF-8',
'mai': 'mai_IN.UTF-8',
'mai_in': 'mai_IN.UTF-8',
'mg_mg': 'mg_MG.ISO8859-15',
'mhr_ru': 'mhr_RU.UTF-8',
'mi': 'mi_NZ.ISO8859-1',
'mi_nz': 'mi_NZ.ISO8859-1',
'mk': 'mk_MK.ISO8859-5',
'mk_mk': 'mk_MK.ISO8859-5',
'ml': 'ml_IN.UTF-8',
'ml_in': 'ml_IN.UTF-8',
'mn_mn': 'mn_MN.UTF-8',
'mni_in': 'mni_IN.UTF-8',
'mr': 'mr_IN.UTF-8',
'mr_in': 'mr_IN.UTF-8',
'ms': 'ms_MY.ISO8859-1',
'ms_my': 'ms_MY.ISO8859-1',
'mt': 'mt_MT.ISO8859-3',
'mt_mt': 'mt_MT.ISO8859-3',
'my_mm': 'my_MM.UTF-8',
'nan_tw@latin': 'nan_TW.UTF-8@latin',
'nb': 'nb_NO.ISO8859-1',
'nb_no': 'nb_NO.ISO8859-1',
'nds_de': 'nds_DE.UTF-8',
'nds_nl': 'nds_NL.UTF-8',
'ne_np': 'ne_NP.UTF-8',
'nhn_mx': 'nhn_MX.UTF-8',
'niu_nu': 'niu_NU.UTF-8',
'niu_nz': 'niu_NZ.UTF-8',
'nl': 'nl_NL.ISO8859-1',
'nl_aw': 'nl_AW.UTF-8',
'nl_be': 'nl_BE.ISO8859-1',
'nl_nl': 'nl_NL.ISO8859-1',
'nn': 'nn_NO.ISO8859-1',
'nn_no': 'nn_NO.ISO8859-1',
'no': 'no_NO.ISO8859-1',
'no@nynorsk': 'ny_NO.ISO8859-1',
'no_no': 'no_NO.ISO8859-1',
'no_no.iso88591@bokmal': 'no_NO.ISO8859-1',
'no_no.iso88591@nynorsk': 'no_NO.ISO8859-1',
'norwegian': 'no_NO.ISO8859-1',
'nr': 'nr_ZA.ISO8859-1',
'nr_za': 'nr_ZA.ISO8859-1',
'nso': 'nso_ZA.ISO8859-15',
'nso_za': 'nso_ZA.ISO8859-15',
'ny': 'ny_NO.ISO8859-1',
'ny_no': 'ny_NO.ISO8859-1',
'nynorsk': 'nn_NO.ISO8859-1',
'oc': 'oc_FR.ISO8859-1',
'oc_fr': 'oc_FR.ISO8859-1',
'om_et': 'om_ET.UTF-8',
'om_ke': 'om_KE.ISO8859-1',
'or': 'or_IN.UTF-8',
'or_in': 'or_IN.UTF-8',
'os_ru': 'os_RU.UTF-8',
'pa': 'pa_IN.UTF-8',
'pa_in': 'pa_IN.UTF-8',
'pa_pk': 'pa_PK.UTF-8',
'pap_an': 'pap_AN.UTF-8',
'pd': 'pd_US.ISO8859-1',
'pd_de': 'pd_DE.ISO8859-1',
'pd_us': 'pd_US.ISO8859-1',
'ph': 'ph_PH.ISO8859-1',
'ph_ph': 'ph_PH.ISO8859-1',
'pl': 'pl_PL.ISO8859-2',
'pl_pl': 'pl_PL.ISO8859-2',
'polish': 'pl_PL.ISO8859-2',
'portuguese': 'pt_PT.ISO8859-1',
'portuguese_brazil': 'pt_BR.ISO8859-1',
'posix': 'C',
'posix-utf2': 'C',
'pp': 'pp_AN.ISO8859-1',
'pp_an': 'pp_AN.ISO8859-1',
'ps_af': 'ps_AF.UTF-8',
'pt': 'pt_PT.ISO8859-1',
'pt_br': 'pt_BR.ISO8859-1',
'pt_pt': 'pt_PT.ISO8859-1',
'ro': 'ro_RO.ISO8859-2',
'ro_ro': 'ro_RO.ISO8859-2',
'romanian': 'ro_RO.ISO8859-2',
'ru': 'ru_RU.UTF-8',
'ru_ru': 'ru_RU.UTF-8',
'ru_ua': 'ru_UA.KOI8-U',
'rumanian': 'ro_RO.ISO8859-2',
'russian': 'ru_RU.ISO8859-5',
'rw': 'rw_RW.ISO8859-1',
'rw_rw': 'rw_RW.ISO8859-1',
'sa_in': 'sa_IN.UTF-8',
'sat_in': 'sat_IN.UTF-8',
'sc_it': 'sc_IT.UTF-8',
'sd': 'sd_IN.UTF-8',
'sd_in': 'sd_IN.UTF-8',
'sd_in@devanagari.utf8': 'sd_IN.UTF-8@devanagari',
'sd_pk': 'sd_PK.UTF-8',
'se_no': 'se_NO.UTF-8',
'serbocroatian': 'sr_RS.UTF-8@latin',
'sh': 'sr_RS.UTF-8@latin',
'sh_ba.iso88592@bosnia': 'sr_CS.ISO8859-2',
'sh_hr': 'sh_HR.ISO8859-2',
'sh_hr.iso88592': 'hr_HR.ISO8859-2',
'sh_sp': 'sr_CS.ISO8859-2',
'sh_yu': 'sr_RS.UTF-8@latin',
'shs_ca': 'shs_CA.UTF-8',
'si': 'si_LK.UTF-8',
'si_lk': 'si_LK.UTF-8',
'sid_et': 'sid_ET.UTF-8',
'sinhala': 'si_LK.UTF-8',
'sk': 'sk_SK.ISO8859-2',
'sk_sk': 'sk_SK.ISO8859-2',
'sl': 'sl_SI.ISO8859-2',
'sl_cs': 'sl_CS.ISO8859-2',
'sl_si': 'sl_SI.ISO8859-2',
'slovak': 'sk_SK.ISO8859-2',
'slovene': 'sl_SI.ISO8859-2',
'slovenian': 'sl_SI.ISO8859-2',
'so_dj': 'so_DJ.ISO8859-1',
'so_et': 'so_ET.UTF-8',
'so_ke': 'so_KE.ISO8859-1',
'so_so': 'so_SO.ISO8859-1',
'sp': 'sr_CS.ISO8859-5',
'sp_yu': 'sr_CS.ISO8859-5',
'spanish': 'es_ES.ISO8859-1',
'spanish_spain': 'es_ES.ISO8859-1',
'sq': 'sq_AL.ISO8859-2',
'sq_al': 'sq_AL.ISO8859-2',
'sq_mk': 'sq_MK.UTF-8',
'sr': 'sr_RS.UTF-8',
'sr@cyrillic': 'sr_RS.UTF-8',
'sr@latn': 'sr_CS.UTF-8@latin',
'sr_cs': 'sr_CS.UTF-8',
'sr_cs.iso88592@latn': 'sr_CS.ISO8859-2',
'sr_cs@latn': 'sr_CS.UTF-8@latin',
'sr_me': 'sr_ME.UTF-8',
'sr_rs': 'sr_RS.UTF-8',
'sr_rs@latn': 'sr_RS.UTF-8@latin',
'sr_sp': 'sr_CS.ISO8859-2',
'sr_yu': 'sr_RS.UTF-8@latin',
'sr_yu.cp1251@cyrillic': 'sr_CS.CP1251',
'sr_yu.iso88592': 'sr_CS.ISO8859-2',
'sr_yu.iso88595': 'sr_CS.ISO8859-5',
'sr_yu.iso88595@cyrillic': 'sr_CS.ISO8859-5',
'sr_yu.microsoftcp1251@cyrillic': 'sr_CS.CP1251',
'sr_yu.utf8': 'sr_RS.UTF-8',
'sr_yu.utf8@cyrillic': 'sr_RS.UTF-8',
'sr_yu@cyrillic': 'sr_RS.UTF-8',
'ss': 'ss_ZA.ISO8859-1',
'ss_za': 'ss_ZA.ISO8859-1',
'st': 'st_ZA.ISO8859-1',
'st_za': 'st_ZA.ISO8859-1',
'sv': 'sv_SE.ISO8859-1',
'sv_fi': 'sv_FI.ISO8859-1',
'sv_se': 'sv_SE.ISO8859-1',
'sw_ke': 'sw_KE.UTF-8',
'sw_tz': 'sw_TZ.UTF-8',
'swedish': 'sv_SE.ISO8859-1',
'szl_pl': 'szl_PL.UTF-8',
'ta': 'ta_IN.TSCII-0',
'ta_in': 'ta_IN.TSCII-0',
'ta_in.tscii': 'ta_IN.TSCII-0',
'ta_in.tscii0': 'ta_IN.TSCII-0',
'ta_lk': 'ta_LK.UTF-8',
'te': 'te_IN.UTF-8',
'te_in': 'te_IN.UTF-8',
'tg': 'tg_TJ.KOI8-C',
'tg_tj': 'tg_TJ.KOI8-C',
'th': 'th_TH.ISO8859-11',
'th_th': 'th_TH.ISO8859-11',
'th_th.tactis': 'th_TH.TIS620',
'th_th.tis620': 'th_TH.TIS620',
'thai': 'th_TH.ISO8859-11',
'ti_er': 'ti_ER.UTF-8',
'ti_et': 'ti_ET.UTF-8',
'tig_er': 'tig_ER.UTF-8',
'tk_tm': 'tk_TM.UTF-8',
'tl': 'tl_PH.ISO8859-1',
'tl_ph': 'tl_PH.ISO8859-1',
'tn': 'tn_ZA.ISO8859-15',
'tn_za': 'tn_ZA.ISO8859-15',
'tr': 'tr_TR.ISO8859-9',
'tr_cy': 'tr_CY.ISO8859-9',
'tr_tr': 'tr_TR.ISO8859-9',
'ts': 'ts_ZA.ISO8859-1',
'ts_za': 'ts_ZA.ISO8859-1',
'tt': 'tt_RU.TATAR-CYR',
'tt_ru': 'tt_RU.TATAR-CYR',
'tt_ru.tatarcyr': 'tt_RU.TATAR-CYR',
'tt_ru@iqtelif': 'tt_RU.UTF-8@iqtelif',
'turkish': 'tr_TR.ISO8859-9',
'ug_cn': 'ug_CN.UTF-8',
'uk': 'uk_UA.KOI8-U',
'uk_ua': 'uk_UA.KOI8-U',
'univ': 'en_US.utf',
'universal': 'en_US.utf',
'universal.utf8@ucs4': 'en_US.UTF-8',
'unm_us': 'unm_US.UTF-8',
'ur': 'ur_PK.CP1256',
'ur_in': 'ur_IN.UTF-8',
'ur_pk': 'ur_PK.CP1256',
'uz': 'uz_UZ.UTF-8',
'uz_uz': 'uz_UZ.UTF-8',
'uz_uz@cyrillic': 'uz_UZ.UTF-8',
've': 've_ZA.UTF-8',
've_za': 've_ZA.UTF-8',
'vi': 'vi_VN.TCVN',
'vi_vn': 'vi_VN.TCVN',
'vi_vn.tcvn': 'vi_VN.TCVN',
'vi_vn.tcvn5712': 'vi_VN.TCVN',
'vi_vn.viscii': 'vi_VN.VISCII',
'vi_vn.viscii111': 'vi_VN.VISCII',
'wa': 'wa_BE.ISO8859-1',
'wa_be': 'wa_BE.ISO8859-1',
'wae_ch': 'wae_CH.UTF-8',
'wal_et': 'wal_ET.UTF-8',
'wo_sn': 'wo_SN.UTF-8',
'xh': 'xh_ZA.ISO8859-1',
'xh_za': 'xh_ZA.ISO8859-1',
'yi': 'yi_US.CP1255',
'yi_us': 'yi_US.CP1255',
'yo_ng': 'yo_NG.UTF-8',
'yue_hk': 'yue_HK.UTF-8',
'zh': 'zh_CN.eucCN',
'zh_cn': 'zh_CN.gb2312',
'zh_cn.big5': 'zh_TW.big5',
'zh_cn.euc': 'zh_CN.eucCN',
'zh_hk': 'zh_HK.big5hkscs',
'zh_hk.big5hk': 'zh_HK.big5hkscs',
'zh_sg': 'zh_SG.GB2312',
'zh_sg.gbk': 'zh_SG.GBK',
'zh_tw': 'zh_TW.big5',
'zh_tw.euc': 'zh_TW.eucTW',
'zh_tw.euctw': 'zh_TW.eucTW',
'zu': 'zu_ZA.ISO8859-1',
'zu_za': 'zu_ZA.ISO8859-1',
}
#
# This maps Windows language identifiers to locale strings.
#
# This list has been updated from
# http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/default.asp?url=/library/en-us/intl/nls_238z.asp
# to include every locale up to Windows Vista.
#
# NOTE: this mapping is incomplete. If your language is missing, please
# submit a bug report to the Python bug tracker at http://bugs.python.org/
# Make sure you include the missing language identifier and the suggested
# locale code.
#
windows_locale = {
0x0436: "af_ZA", # Afrikaans
0x041c: "sq_AL", # Albanian
0x0484: "gsw_FR",# Alsatian - France
0x045e: "am_ET", # Amharic - Ethiopia
0x0401: "ar_SA", # Arabic - Saudi Arabia
0x0801: "ar_IQ", # Arabic - Iraq
0x0c01: "ar_EG", # Arabic - Egypt
0x1001: "ar_LY", # Arabic - Libya
0x1401: "ar_DZ", # Arabic - Algeria
0x1801: "ar_MA", # Arabic - Morocco
0x1c01: "ar_TN", # Arabic - Tunisia
0x2001: "ar_OM", # Arabic - Oman
0x2401: "ar_YE", # Arabic - Yemen
0x2801: "ar_SY", # Arabic - Syria
0x2c01: "ar_JO", # Arabic - Jordan
0x3001: "ar_LB", # Arabic - Lebanon
0x3401: "ar_KW", # Arabic - Kuwait
0x3801: "ar_AE", # Arabic - United Arab Emirates
0x3c01: "ar_BH", # Arabic - Bahrain
0x4001: "ar_QA", # Arabic - Qatar
0x042b: "hy_AM", # Armenian
0x044d: "as_IN", # Assamese - India
0x042c: "az_AZ", # Azeri - Latin
0x082c: "az_AZ", # Azeri - Cyrillic
0x046d: "ba_RU", # Bashkir
0x042d: "eu_ES", # Basque - Russia
0x0423: "be_BY", # Belarusian
0x0445: "bn_IN", # Begali
0x201a: "bs_BA", # Bosnian - Cyrillic
0x141a: "bs_BA", # Bosnian - Latin
0x047e: "br_FR", # Breton - France
0x0402: "bg_BG", # Bulgarian
# 0x0455: "my_MM", # Burmese - Not supported
0x0403: "ca_ES", # Catalan
0x0004: "zh_CHS",# Chinese - Simplified
0x0404: "zh_TW", # Chinese - Taiwan
0x0804: "zh_CN", # Chinese - PRC
0x0c04: "zh_HK", # Chinese - Hong Kong S.A.R.
0x1004: "zh_SG", # Chinese - Singapore
0x1404: "zh_MO", # Chinese - Macao S.A.R.
0x7c04: "zh_CHT",# Chinese - Traditional
0x0483: "co_FR", # Corsican - France
0x041a: "hr_HR", # Croatian
0x101a: "hr_BA", # Croatian - Bosnia
0x0405: "cs_CZ", # Czech
0x0406: "da_DK", # Danish
0x048c: "gbz_AF",# Dari - Afghanistan
0x0465: "div_MV",# Divehi - Maldives
0x0413: "nl_NL", # Dutch - The Netherlands
0x0813: "nl_BE", # Dutch - Belgium
0x0409: "en_US", # English - United States
0x0809: "en_GB", # English - United Kingdom
0x0c09: "en_AU", # English - Australia
0x1009: "en_CA", # English - Canada
0x1409: "en_NZ", # English - New Zealand
0x1809: "en_IE", # English - Ireland
0x1c09: "en_ZA", # English - South Africa
0x2009: "en_JA", # English - Jamaica
0x2409: "en_CB", # English - Carribbean
0x2809: "en_BZ", # English - Belize
0x2c09: "en_TT", # English - Trinidad
0x3009: "en_ZW", # English - Zimbabwe
0x3409: "en_PH", # English - Philippines
0x4009: "en_IN", # English - India
0x4409: "en_MY", # English - Malaysia
0x4809: "en_IN", # English - Singapore
0x0425: "et_EE", # Estonian
0x0438: "fo_FO", # Faroese
0x0464: "fil_PH",# Filipino
0x040b: "fi_FI", # Finnish
0x040c: "fr_FR", # French - France
0x080c: "fr_BE", # French - Belgium
0x0c0c: "fr_CA", # French - Canada
0x100c: "fr_CH", # French - Switzerland
0x140c: "fr_LU", # French - Luxembourg
0x180c: "fr_MC", # French - Monaco
0x0462: "fy_NL", # Frisian - Netherlands
0x0456: "gl_ES", # Galician
0x0437: "ka_GE", # Georgian
0x0407: "de_DE", # German - Germany
0x0807: "de_CH", # German - Switzerland
0x0c07: "de_AT", # German - Austria
0x1007: "de_LU", # German - Luxembourg
0x1407: "de_LI", # German - Liechtenstein
0x0408: "el_GR", # Greek
0x046f: "kl_GL", # Greenlandic - Greenland
0x0447: "gu_IN", # Gujarati
0x0468: "ha_NG", # Hausa - Latin
0x040d: "he_IL", # Hebrew
0x0439: "hi_IN", # Hindi
0x040e: "hu_HU", # Hungarian
0x040f: "is_IS", # Icelandic
0x0421: "id_ID", # Indonesian
0x045d: "iu_CA", # Inuktitut - Syllabics
0x085d: "iu_CA", # Inuktitut - Latin
0x083c: "ga_IE", # Irish - Ireland
0x0410: "it_IT", # Italian - Italy
0x0810: "it_CH", # Italian - Switzerland
0x0411: "ja_JP", # Japanese
0x044b: "kn_IN", # Kannada - India
0x043f: "kk_KZ", # Kazakh
0x0453: "kh_KH", # Khmer - Cambodia
0x0486: "qut_GT",# K'iche - Guatemala
0x0487: "rw_RW", # Kinyarwanda - Rwanda
0x0457: "kok_IN",# Konkani
0x0412: "ko_KR", # Korean
0x0440: "ky_KG", # Kyrgyz
0x0454: "lo_LA", # Lao - Lao PDR
0x0426: "lv_LV", # Latvian
0x0427: "lt_LT", # Lithuanian
0x082e: "dsb_DE",# Lower Sorbian - Germany
0x046e: "lb_LU", # Luxembourgish
0x042f: "mk_MK", # FYROM Macedonian
0x043e: "ms_MY", # Malay - Malaysia
0x083e: "ms_BN", # Malay - Brunei Darussalam
0x044c: "ml_IN", # Malayalam - India
0x043a: "mt_MT", # Maltese
0x0481: "mi_NZ", # Maori
0x047a: "arn_CL",# Mapudungun
0x044e: "mr_IN", # Marathi
0x047c: "moh_CA",# Mohawk - Canada
0x0450: "mn_MN", # Mongolian - Cyrillic
0x0850: "mn_CN", # Mongolian - PRC
0x0461: "ne_NP", # Nepali
0x0414: "nb_NO", # Norwegian - Bokmal
0x0814: "nn_NO", # Norwegian - Nynorsk
0x0482: "oc_FR", # Occitan - France
0x0448: "or_IN", # Oriya - India
0x0463: "ps_AF", # Pashto - Afghanistan
0x0429: "fa_IR", # Persian
0x0415: "pl_PL", # Polish
0x0416: "pt_BR", # Portuguese - Brazil
0x0816: "pt_PT", # Portuguese - Portugal
0x0446: "pa_IN", # Punjabi
0x046b: "quz_BO",# Quechua (Bolivia)
0x086b: "quz_EC",# Quechua (Ecuador)
0x0c6b: "quz_PE",# Quechua (Peru)
0x0418: "ro_RO", # Romanian - Romania
0x0417: "rm_CH", # Romansh
0x0419: "ru_RU", # Russian
0x243b: "smn_FI",# Sami Finland
0x103b: "smj_NO",# Sami Norway
0x143b: "smj_SE",# Sami Sweden
0x043b: "se_NO", # Sami Northern Norway
0x083b: "se_SE", # Sami Northern Sweden
0x0c3b: "se_FI", # Sami Northern Finland
0x203b: "sms_FI",# Sami Skolt
0x183b: "sma_NO",# Sami Southern Norway
0x1c3b: "sma_SE",# Sami Southern Sweden
0x044f: "sa_IN", # Sanskrit
0x0c1a: "sr_SP", # Serbian - Cyrillic
0x1c1a: "sr_BA", # Serbian - Bosnia Cyrillic
0x081a: "sr_SP", # Serbian - Latin
0x181a: "sr_BA", # Serbian - Bosnia Latin
0x045b: "si_LK", # Sinhala - Sri Lanka
0x046c: "ns_ZA", # Northern Sotho
0x0432: "tn_ZA", # Setswana - Southern Africa
0x041b: "sk_SK", # Slovak
0x0424: "sl_SI", # Slovenian
0x040a: "es_ES", # Spanish - Spain
0x080a: "es_MX", # Spanish - Mexico
0x0c0a: "es_ES", # Spanish - Spain (Modern)
0x100a: "es_GT", # Spanish - Guatemala
0x140a: "es_CR", # Spanish - Costa Rica
0x180a: "es_PA", # Spanish - Panama
0x1c0a: "es_DO", # Spanish - Dominican Republic
0x200a: "es_VE", # Spanish - Venezuela
0x240a: "es_CO", # Spanish - Colombia
0x280a: "es_PE", # Spanish - Peru
0x2c0a: "es_AR", # Spanish - Argentina
0x300a: "es_EC", # Spanish - Ecuador
0x340a: "es_CL", # Spanish - Chile
0x380a: "es_UR", # Spanish - Uruguay
0x3c0a: "es_PY", # Spanish - Paraguay
0x400a: "es_BO", # Spanish - Bolivia
0x440a: "es_SV", # Spanish - El Salvador
0x480a: "es_HN", # Spanish - Honduras
0x4c0a: "es_NI", # Spanish - Nicaragua
0x500a: "es_PR", # Spanish - Puerto Rico
0x540a: "es_US", # Spanish - United States
# 0x0430: "", # Sutu - Not supported
0x0441: "sw_KE", # Swahili
0x041d: "sv_SE", # Swedish - Sweden
0x081d: "sv_FI", # Swedish - Finland
0x045a: "syr_SY",# Syriac
0x0428: "tg_TJ", # Tajik - Cyrillic
0x085f: "tmz_DZ",# Tamazight - Latin
0x0449: "ta_IN", # Tamil
0x0444: "tt_RU", # Tatar
0x044a: "te_IN", # Telugu
0x041e: "th_TH", # Thai
0x0851: "bo_BT", # Tibetan - Bhutan
0x0451: "bo_CN", # Tibetan - PRC
0x041f: "tr_TR", # Turkish
0x0442: "tk_TM", # Turkmen - Cyrillic
0x0480: "ug_CN", # Uighur - Arabic
0x0422: "uk_UA", # Ukrainian
0x042e: "wen_DE",# Upper Sorbian - Germany
0x0420: "ur_PK", # Urdu
0x0820: "ur_IN", # Urdu - India
0x0443: "uz_UZ", # Uzbek - Latin
0x0843: "uz_UZ", # Uzbek - Cyrillic
0x042a: "vi_VN", # Vietnamese
0x0452: "cy_GB", # Welsh
0x0488: "wo_SN", # Wolof - Senegal
0x0434: "xh_ZA", # Xhosa - South Africa
0x0485: "sah_RU",# Yakut - Cyrillic
0x0478: "ii_CN", # Yi - PRC
0x046a: "yo_NG", # Yoruba - Nigeria
0x0435: "zu_ZA", # Zulu
}
def _print_locale():
""" Test function.
"""
categories = {}
def _init_categories(categories=categories):
for k,v in globals().items():
if k[:3] == 'LC_':
categories[k] = v
_init_categories()
del categories['LC_ALL']
print('Locale defaults as determined by getdefaultlocale():')
print('-'*72)
lang, enc = getdefaultlocale()
print('Language: ', lang or '(undefined)')
print('Encoding: ', enc or '(undefined)')
print()
print('Locale settings on startup:')
print('-'*72)
for name,category in categories.items():
print(name, '...')
lang, enc = getlocale(category)
print(' Language: ', lang or '(undefined)')
print(' Encoding: ', enc or '(undefined)')
print()
print()
print('Locale settings after calling resetlocale():')
print('-'*72)
resetlocale()
for name,category in categories.items():
print(name, '...')
lang, enc = getlocale(category)
print(' Language: ', lang or '(undefined)')
print(' Encoding: ', enc or '(undefined)')
print()
try:
setlocale(LC_ALL, "")
except:
print('NOTE:')
print('setlocale(LC_ALL, "") does not support the default locale')
print('given in the OS environment variables.')
else:
print()
print('Locale settings after calling setlocale(LC_ALL, ""):')
print('-'*72)
for name,category in categories.items():
print(name, '...')
lang, enc = getlocale(category)
print(' Language: ', lang or '(undefined)')
print(' Encoding: ', enc or '(undefined)')
print()
###
try:
LC_MESSAGES
except NameError:
pass
else:
__all__.append("LC_MESSAGES")
if __name__=='__main__':
print('Locale aliasing:')
print()
_print_locale()
print()
print('Number formatting:')
print()
_test()
Rosenblum TV: Video training, virtual workshops, classes, tutorials
RE-INVENTING THE TELEVISION NEWS BUSINESS*
A revolution in video storytelling
Creating entirely new & cost-effective production methods
From the world leaders in video production training and the creators of Character Driven Storytelling™
*and every other business that uses video
WHAT WE DO
Over the past 35 years, we have designed, built or restructured some of the most powerful news and journalism companies in the world.
We replace the traditional TV news ‘crew’ with one highly trained journalist, working alone with nothing but an iPhone.
No more TV news ‘crews’, no editors and no field producers.
This is television news done the way newspaper journalism is done – one reporter with their electronic pad and pencil.
In doing this, we can cut the cost of production by as much as 75% while increasing ratings and audience engagement.
In the place of conventional TV news ‘packages’ – ie, reporter stand up, interview, b-roll, man on the street, we marry great journalism with Netflix and Hollywood storytelling.
It’s a combination that works.
We have taken most of our clients to #1 in their respective markets.
And it’s not just for news. Any company, any profit, any NGO and anyone else who is online needs to tell their story in compelling yet cost-effective video. We can teach you to do that. Either in person or virtually.
EXAMPLES OF WHAT WE CAN TEACH YOUR STAFF TO PRODUCE
ITAY HOD
Itay Hod, MMJ with KPIX/CBS in San Francisco, took the 5-Day Intensive Video Storytelling Bootcamp in 2018.
Because he works alone, with only an iPhone, he was able to embed himself with a homeless family.
Here’s the story he produced in a one-day turn.
KIET DO
Kiet Do, an MMJ with KPIX/CBS in San Francisco, took the 5-Day Intensive Video Storytelling Bootcamp in 2021.
Here is a story he produced, all on his own, with only an iPhone and in a one-day turn.
TAYLOR SCHAUB
Taylor Schaub, an MMJ with Spectrum News 1 in LA, took the 5-Day Intensive Video Storytelling Bootcamp in 2023.
Here is a story he turned in only one day, using only an iPhone. It was the first video story he ever did and it was nominated for an Emmy.
THE BOOTCAMP
How do we convert stations and whole networks to working in this way?
Since 1988, we have run intensive 5-Day Video Storytelling Bootcamps
We have done these all over the world.
These are hands-on bootcamps, and participants learn an entirely new way of creating TV news stories.
-We shoot at a 3:1 ratio or lower, so turnaround times are fast.
-We go directly from camera to timelilne and edit – no written scripts. We work in the medium of pictures and sound.
-We are entirely character-driven.
-We are driven by pictures and real events.
-We are focused almost entirely on ’the viewer experience’.
Since 1988, more than 70,000 journalists around the world have taken our bootcamps, either in person on virtualy.
We have started to work with CBS News, bringing our ideas of character-driven storytelling to one of the most successful and biggest networks in the United States. Since beginning to work with them ratings have climbed and more importantly, audience engagement is through the ceiling.
We started New York Times Television in 1990 and it was the first paper to be brought into the world of TV. It quickly became one of the most successful non-fiction production companies in the United States. The series and documentaries we produced won many awards including multiple Emmys.
We have been working with the BBC since the year 2000 helping to convert their national news network to our visual storytelling technique. Most recently we have trained teams from their sports, documentaries, and comedy divisions to make character-driven stories using only smartphones.
For the past five years we have worked with Spectrum News to introduce and train their journalists on visual, character driven storytelling using smartphones helping to create a different kind of local news for their network of 24-Hour News Stations across the United States.
In 2006, we were approached by the United Nations. Rather than rely on news outlets, it would be much easier to train the field operatives to produce their own stories. We spent two years working with the UN, training more than 100 of their staff in bootcamps in Geneva and Nairobi.
We trained 50 print reporters at the paper to shoot and tell their own stories, in conjunction with their print work. We built a TV newsroom in their existing print newsroom – you could not ask for a better set and they began to live stream their stories in conjunction with their print work.
We spent two years with McGraw Hill, training more than 150 of their staffers, making them completely video literate. McGraw/Hill media properties we transit included Business Week, Aviation Week, (what was the name of the architecture magazine), and JD Power and Associates.
In 1990, we were approached by The Voice of America, the official broadcasting agency for the United States Government. When we met with VOA, they were only a short wave radio broadcaster, but working with them, we took them into television, launching VOA-TV.
British based Oyster Yachts makes some of the finest yachts in the world. Like every other company, they had to find a way to feed the never-ending video demands of social media – sites like Instagram and TikTok. We trained the Oyster staff to tell their own stories, using only iPhones.
We were approached by SEPA, the Scottish Environmental Protection Agency because they had to continually find a way to ‘feed the media beast’. The result was that SEPA was able to tell their own stories, whenever they wanted, and at almost no additional cost.
Michael Rosenblum has been writing about the media since 1988. His work and ideas have appeared in The Guardian, The Huffington Post, Ilkeston Life and many other publications.
He has been blogging regularly for the past 35 years on this subject. Having taught media studies at Columbia University, NYU and now the University of Oxford, he is considered an expert on this subject.
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