Current File : //opt/rh/rh-python35/root/lib64/python3.5/idlelib/MultiCall.py
"""
MultiCall - a class which inherits its methods from a Tkinter widget (Text, for
example), but enables multiple calls of functions per virtual event - all
matching events will be called, not only the most specific one. This is done
by wrapping the event functions - event_add, event_delete and event_info.
MultiCall recognizes only a subset of legal event sequences. Sequences which
are not recognized are treated by the original Tk handling mechanism. A
more-specific event will be called before a less-specific event.
The recognized sequences are complete one-event sequences (no emacs-style
Ctrl-X Ctrl-C, no shortcuts like <3>), for all types of events.
Key/Button Press/Release events can have modifiers.
The recognized modifiers are Shift, Control, Option and Command for Mac, and
Control, Alt, Shift, Meta/M for other platforms.
For all events which were handled by MultiCall, a new member is added to the
event instance passed to the binded functions - mc_type. This is one of the
event type constants defined in this module (such as MC_KEYPRESS).
For Key/Button events (which are handled by MultiCall and may receive
modifiers), another member is added - mc_state. This member gives the state
of the recognized modifiers, as a combination of the modifier constants
also defined in this module (for example, MC_SHIFT).
Using these members is absolutely portable.
The order by which events are called is defined by these rules:
1. A more-specific event will be called before a less-specific event.
2. A recently-binded event will be called before a previously-binded event,
unless this conflicts with the first rule.
Each function will be called at most once for each event.
"""
import sys
import re
import tkinter
# the event type constants, which define the meaning of mc_type
MC_KEYPRESS=0; MC_KEYRELEASE=1; MC_BUTTONPRESS=2; MC_BUTTONRELEASE=3;
MC_ACTIVATE=4; MC_CIRCULATE=5; MC_COLORMAP=6; MC_CONFIGURE=7;
MC_DEACTIVATE=8; MC_DESTROY=9; MC_ENTER=10; MC_EXPOSE=11; MC_FOCUSIN=12;
MC_FOCUSOUT=13; MC_GRAVITY=14; MC_LEAVE=15; MC_MAP=16; MC_MOTION=17;
MC_MOUSEWHEEL=18; MC_PROPERTY=19; MC_REPARENT=20; MC_UNMAP=21; MC_VISIBILITY=22;
# the modifier state constants, which define the meaning of mc_state
MC_SHIFT = 1<<0; MC_CONTROL = 1<<2; MC_ALT = 1<<3; MC_META = 1<<5
MC_OPTION = 1<<6; MC_COMMAND = 1<<7
# define the list of modifiers, to be used in complex event types.
if sys.platform == "darwin":
_modifiers = (("Shift",), ("Control",), ("Option",), ("Command",))
_modifier_masks = (MC_SHIFT, MC_CONTROL, MC_OPTION, MC_COMMAND)
else:
_modifiers = (("Control",), ("Alt",), ("Shift",), ("Meta", "M"))
_modifier_masks = (MC_CONTROL, MC_ALT, MC_SHIFT, MC_META)
# a dictionary to map a modifier name into its number
_modifier_names = dict([(name, number)
for number in range(len(_modifiers))
for name in _modifiers[number]])
# In 3.4, if no shell window is ever open, the underlying Tk widget is
# destroyed before .__del__ methods here are called. The following
# is used to selectively ignore shutdown exceptions to avoid
# 'Exception ignored' messages. See http://bugs.python.org/issue20167
APPLICATION_GONE = "application has been destroyed"
# A binder is a class which binds functions to one type of event. It has two
# methods: bind and unbind, which get a function and a parsed sequence, as
# returned by _parse_sequence(). There are two types of binders:
# _SimpleBinder handles event types with no modifiers and no detail.
# No Python functions are called when no events are binded.
# _ComplexBinder handles event types with modifiers and a detail.
# A Python function is called each time an event is generated.
class _SimpleBinder:
def __init__(self, type, widget, widgetinst):
self.type = type
self.sequence = '<'+_types[type][0]+'>'
self.widget = widget
self.widgetinst = widgetinst
self.bindedfuncs = []
self.handlerid = None
def bind(self, triplet, func):
if not self.handlerid:
def handler(event, l = self.bindedfuncs, mc_type = self.type):
event.mc_type = mc_type
wascalled = {}
for i in range(len(l)-1, -1, -1):
func = l[i]
if func not in wascalled:
wascalled[func] = True
r = func(event)
if r:
return r
self.handlerid = self.widget.bind(self.widgetinst,
self.sequence, handler)
self.bindedfuncs.append(func)
def unbind(self, triplet, func):
self.bindedfuncs.remove(func)
if not self.bindedfuncs:
self.widget.unbind(self.widgetinst, self.sequence, self.handlerid)
self.handlerid = None
def __del__(self):
if self.handlerid:
try:
self.widget.unbind(self.widgetinst, self.sequence,
self.handlerid)
except tkinter.TclError as e:
if not APPLICATION_GONE in e.args[0]:
raise
# An int in range(1 << len(_modifiers)) represents a combination of modifiers
# (if the least significent bit is on, _modifiers[0] is on, and so on).
# _state_subsets gives for each combination of modifiers, or *state*,
# a list of the states which are a subset of it. This list is ordered by the
# number of modifiers is the state - the most specific state comes first.
_states = range(1 << len(_modifiers))
_state_names = [''.join(m[0]+'-'
for i, m in enumerate(_modifiers)
if (1 << i) & s)
for s in _states]
def expand_substates(states):
'''For each item of states return a list containing all combinations of
that item with individual bits reset, sorted by the number of set bits.
'''
def nbits(n):
"number of bits set in n base 2"
nb = 0
while n:
n, rem = divmod(n, 2)
nb += rem
return nb
statelist = []
for state in states:
substates = list(set(state & x for x in states))
substates.sort(key=nbits, reverse=True)
statelist.append(substates)
return statelist
_state_subsets = expand_substates(_states)
# _state_codes gives for each state, the portable code to be passed as mc_state
_state_codes = []
for s in _states:
r = 0
for i in range(len(_modifiers)):
if (1 << i) & s:
r |= _modifier_masks[i]
_state_codes.append(r)
class _ComplexBinder:
# This class binds many functions, and only unbinds them when it is deleted.
# self.handlerids is the list of seqs and ids of binded handler functions.
# The binded functions sit in a dictionary of lists of lists, which maps
# a detail (or None) and a state into a list of functions.
# When a new detail is discovered, handlers for all the possible states
# are binded.
def __create_handler(self, lists, mc_type, mc_state):
def handler(event, lists = lists,
mc_type = mc_type, mc_state = mc_state,
ishandlerrunning = self.ishandlerrunning,
doafterhandler = self.doafterhandler):
ishandlerrunning[:] = [True]
event.mc_type = mc_type
event.mc_state = mc_state
wascalled = {}
r = None
for l in lists:
for i in range(len(l)-1, -1, -1):
func = l[i]
if func not in wascalled:
wascalled[func] = True
r = l[i](event)
if r:
break
if r:
break
ishandlerrunning[:] = []
# Call all functions in doafterhandler and remove them from list
for f in doafterhandler:
f()
doafterhandler[:] = []
if r:
return r
return handler
def __init__(self, type, widget, widgetinst):
self.type = type
self.typename = _types[type][0]
self.widget = widget
self.widgetinst = widgetinst
self.bindedfuncs = {None: [[] for s in _states]}
self.handlerids = []
# we don't want to change the lists of functions while a handler is
# running - it will mess up the loop and anyway, we usually want the
# change to happen from the next event. So we have a list of functions
# for the handler to run after it finishes calling the binded functions.
# It calls them only once.
# ishandlerrunning is a list. An empty one means no, otherwise - yes.
# this is done so that it would be mutable.
self.ishandlerrunning = []
self.doafterhandler = []
for s in _states:
lists = [self.bindedfuncs[None][i] for i in _state_subsets[s]]
handler = self.__create_handler(lists, type, _state_codes[s])
seq = '<'+_state_names[s]+self.typename+'>'
self.handlerids.append((seq, self.widget.bind(self.widgetinst,
seq, handler)))
def bind(self, triplet, func):
if triplet[2] not in self.bindedfuncs:
self.bindedfuncs[triplet[2]] = [[] for s in _states]
for s in _states:
lists = [ self.bindedfuncs[detail][i]
for detail in (triplet[2], None)
for i in _state_subsets[s] ]
handler = self.__create_handler(lists, self.type,
_state_codes[s])
seq = "<%s%s-%s>"% (_state_names[s], self.typename, triplet[2])
self.handlerids.append((seq, self.widget.bind(self.widgetinst,
seq, handler)))
doit = lambda: self.bindedfuncs[triplet[2]][triplet[0]].append(func)
if not self.ishandlerrunning:
doit()
else:
self.doafterhandler.append(doit)
def unbind(self, triplet, func):
doit = lambda: self.bindedfuncs[triplet[2]][triplet[0]].remove(func)
if not self.ishandlerrunning:
doit()
else:
self.doafterhandler.append(doit)
def __del__(self):
for seq, id in self.handlerids:
try:
self.widget.unbind(self.widgetinst, seq, id)
except tkinter.TclError as e:
if not APPLICATION_GONE in e.args[0]:
raise
# define the list of event types to be handled by MultiEvent. the order is
# compatible with the definition of event type constants.
_types = (
("KeyPress", "Key"), ("KeyRelease",), ("ButtonPress", "Button"),
("ButtonRelease",), ("Activate",), ("Circulate",), ("Colormap",),
("Configure",), ("Deactivate",), ("Destroy",), ("Enter",), ("Expose",),
("FocusIn",), ("FocusOut",), ("Gravity",), ("Leave",), ("Map",),
("Motion",), ("MouseWheel",), ("Property",), ("Reparent",), ("Unmap",),
("Visibility",),
)
# which binder should be used for every event type?
_binder_classes = (_ComplexBinder,) * 4 + (_SimpleBinder,) * (len(_types)-4)
# A dictionary to map a type name into its number
_type_names = dict([(name, number)
for number in range(len(_types))
for name in _types[number]])
_keysym_re = re.compile(r"^\w+$")
_button_re = re.compile(r"^[1-5]$")
def _parse_sequence(sequence):
"""Get a string which should describe an event sequence. If it is
successfully parsed as one, return a tuple containing the state (as an int),
the event type (as an index of _types), and the detail - None if none, or a
string if there is one. If the parsing is unsuccessful, return None.
"""
if not sequence or sequence[0] != '<' or sequence[-1] != '>':
return None
words = sequence[1:-1].split('-')
modifiers = 0
while words and words[0] in _modifier_names:
modifiers |= 1 << _modifier_names[words[0]]
del words[0]
if words and words[0] in _type_names:
type = _type_names[words[0]]
del words[0]
else:
return None
if _binder_classes[type] is _SimpleBinder:
if modifiers or words:
return None
else:
detail = None
else:
# _ComplexBinder
if type in [_type_names[s] for s in ("KeyPress", "KeyRelease")]:
type_re = _keysym_re
else:
type_re = _button_re
if not words:
detail = None
elif len(words) == 1 and type_re.match(words[0]):
detail = words[0]
else:
return None
return modifiers, type, detail
def _triplet_to_sequence(triplet):
if triplet[2]:
return '<'+_state_names[triplet[0]]+_types[triplet[1]][0]+'-'+ \
triplet[2]+'>'
else:
return '<'+_state_names[triplet[0]]+_types[triplet[1]][0]+'>'
_multicall_dict = {}
def MultiCallCreator(widget):
"""Return a MultiCall class which inherits its methods from the
given widget class (for example, Tkinter.Text). This is used
instead of a templating mechanism.
"""
if widget in _multicall_dict:
return _multicall_dict[widget]
class MultiCall (widget):
assert issubclass(widget, tkinter.Misc)
def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
widget.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs)
# a dictionary which maps a virtual event to a tuple with:
# 0. the function binded
# 1. a list of triplets - the sequences it is binded to
self.__eventinfo = {}
self.__binders = [_binder_classes[i](i, widget, self)
for i in range(len(_types))]
def bind(self, sequence=None, func=None, add=None):
#print("bind(%s, %s, %s)" % (sequence, func, add),
# file=sys.__stderr__)
if type(sequence) is str and len(sequence) > 2 and \
sequence[:2] == "<<" and sequence[-2:] == ">>":
if sequence in self.__eventinfo:
ei = self.__eventinfo[sequence]
if ei[0] is not None:
for triplet in ei[1]:
self.__binders[triplet[1]].unbind(triplet, ei[0])
ei[0] = func
if ei[0] is not None:
for triplet in ei[1]:
self.__binders[triplet[1]].bind(triplet, func)
else:
self.__eventinfo[sequence] = [func, []]
return widget.bind(self, sequence, func, add)
def unbind(self, sequence, funcid=None):
if type(sequence) is str and len(sequence) > 2 and \
sequence[:2] == "<<" and sequence[-2:] == ">>" and \
sequence in self.__eventinfo:
func, triplets = self.__eventinfo[sequence]
if func is not None:
for triplet in triplets:
self.__binders[triplet[1]].unbind(triplet, func)
self.__eventinfo[sequence][0] = None
return widget.unbind(self, sequence, funcid)
def event_add(self, virtual, *sequences):
#print("event_add(%s, %s)" % (repr(virtual), repr(sequences)),
# file=sys.__stderr__)
if virtual not in self.__eventinfo:
self.__eventinfo[virtual] = [None, []]
func, triplets = self.__eventinfo[virtual]
for seq in sequences:
triplet = _parse_sequence(seq)
if triplet is None:
#print("Tkinter event_add(%s)" % seq, file=sys.__stderr__)
widget.event_add(self, virtual, seq)
else:
if func is not None:
self.__binders[triplet[1]].bind(triplet, func)
triplets.append(triplet)
def event_delete(self, virtual, *sequences):
if virtual not in self.__eventinfo:
return
func, triplets = self.__eventinfo[virtual]
for seq in sequences:
triplet = _parse_sequence(seq)
if triplet is None:
#print("Tkinter event_delete: %s" % seq, file=sys.__stderr__)
widget.event_delete(self, virtual, seq)
else:
if func is not None:
self.__binders[triplet[1]].unbind(triplet, func)
triplets.remove(triplet)
def event_info(self, virtual=None):
if virtual is None or virtual not in self.__eventinfo:
return widget.event_info(self, virtual)
else:
return tuple(map(_triplet_to_sequence,
self.__eventinfo[virtual][1])) + \
widget.event_info(self, virtual)
def __del__(self):
for virtual in self.__eventinfo:
func, triplets = self.__eventinfo[virtual]
if func:
for triplet in triplets:
try:
self.__binders[triplet[1]].unbind(triplet, func)
except tkinter.TclError as e:
if not APPLICATION_GONE in e.args[0]:
raise
_multicall_dict[widget] = MultiCall
return MultiCall
def _multi_call(parent):
root = tkinter.Tk()
root.title("Test MultiCall")
width, height, x, y = list(map(int, re.split('[x+]', parent.geometry())))
root.geometry("+%d+%d"%(x, y + 150))
text = MultiCallCreator(tkinter.Text)(root)
text.pack()
def bindseq(seq, n=[0]):
def handler(event):
print(seq)
text.bind("<<handler%d>>"%n[0], handler)
text.event_add("<<handler%d>>"%n[0], seq)
n[0] += 1
bindseq("<Key>")
bindseq("<Control-Key>")
bindseq("<Alt-Key-a>")
bindseq("<Control-Key-a>")
bindseq("<Alt-Control-Key-a>")
bindseq("<Key-b>")
bindseq("<Control-Button-1>")
bindseq("<Button-2>")
bindseq("<Alt-Button-1>")
bindseq("<FocusOut>")
bindseq("<Enter>")
bindseq("<Leave>")
root.mainloop()
if __name__ == "__main__":
from idlelib.idle_test.htest import run
run(_multi_call)
Rosenblum TV: Video training, virtual workshops, classes, tutorials
RE-INVENTING THE TELEVISION NEWS BUSINESS*
A revolution in video storytelling
Creating entirely new & cost-effective production methods
From the world leaders in video production training and the creators of Character Driven Storytelling™
*and every other business that uses video
WHAT WE DO
Over the past 35 years, we have designed, built or restructured some of the most powerful news and journalism companies in the world.
We replace the traditional TV news ‘crew’ with one highly trained journalist, working alone with nothing but an iPhone.
No more TV news ‘crews’, no editors and no field producers.
This is television news done the way newspaper journalism is done – one reporter with their electronic pad and pencil.
In doing this, we can cut the cost of production by as much as 75% while increasing ratings and audience engagement.
In the place of conventional TV news ‘packages’ – ie, reporter stand up, interview, b-roll, man on the street, we marry great journalism with Netflix and Hollywood storytelling.
It’s a combination that works.
We have taken most of our clients to #1 in their respective markets.
And it’s not just for news. Any company, any profit, any NGO and anyone else who is online needs to tell their story in compelling yet cost-effective video. We can teach you to do that. Either in person or virtually.
EXAMPLES OF WHAT WE CAN TEACH YOUR STAFF TO PRODUCE
ITAY HOD
Itay Hod, MMJ with KPIX/CBS in San Francisco, took the 5-Day Intensive Video Storytelling Bootcamp in 2018.
Because he works alone, with only an iPhone, he was able to embed himself with a homeless family.
Here’s the story he produced in a one-day turn.
KIET DO
Kiet Do, an MMJ with KPIX/CBS in San Francisco, took the 5-Day Intensive Video Storytelling Bootcamp in 2021.
Here is a story he produced, all on his own, with only an iPhone and in a one-day turn.
TAYLOR SCHAUB
Taylor Schaub, an MMJ with Spectrum News 1 in LA, took the 5-Day Intensive Video Storytelling Bootcamp in 2023.
Here is a story he turned in only one day, using only an iPhone. It was the first video story he ever did and it was nominated for an Emmy.
THE BOOTCAMP
How do we convert stations and whole networks to working in this way?
Since 1988, we have run intensive 5-Day Video Storytelling Bootcamps
We have done these all over the world.
These are hands-on bootcamps, and participants learn an entirely new way of creating TV news stories.
-We shoot at a 3:1 ratio or lower, so turnaround times are fast.
-We go directly from camera to timelilne and edit – no written scripts. We work in the medium of pictures and sound.
-We are entirely character-driven.
-We are driven by pictures and real events.
-We are focused almost entirely on ’the viewer experience’.
Since 1988, more than 70,000 journalists around the world have taken our bootcamps, either in person on virtualy.
We have started to work with CBS News, bringing our ideas of character-driven storytelling to one of the most successful and biggest networks in the United States. Since beginning to work with them ratings have climbed and more importantly, audience engagement is through the ceiling.
We started New York Times Television in 1990 and it was the first paper to be brought into the world of TV. It quickly became one of the most successful non-fiction production companies in the United States. The series and documentaries we produced won many awards including multiple Emmys.
We have been working with the BBC since the year 2000 helping to convert their national news network to our visual storytelling technique. Most recently we have trained teams from their sports, documentaries, and comedy divisions to make character-driven stories using only smartphones.
For the past five years we have worked with Spectrum News to introduce and train their journalists on visual, character driven storytelling using smartphones helping to create a different kind of local news for their network of 24-Hour News Stations across the United States.
In 2006, we were approached by the United Nations. Rather than rely on news outlets, it would be much easier to train the field operatives to produce their own stories. We spent two years working with the UN, training more than 100 of their staff in bootcamps in Geneva and Nairobi.
We trained 50 print reporters at the paper to shoot and tell their own stories, in conjunction with their print work. We built a TV newsroom in their existing print newsroom – you could not ask for a better set and they began to live stream their stories in conjunction with their print work.
We spent two years with McGraw Hill, training more than 150 of their staffers, making them completely video literate. McGraw/Hill media properties we transit included Business Week, Aviation Week, (what was the name of the architecture magazine), and JD Power and Associates.
In 1990, we were approached by The Voice of America, the official broadcasting agency for the United States Government. When we met with VOA, they were only a short wave radio broadcaster, but working with them, we took them into television, launching VOA-TV.
British based Oyster Yachts makes some of the finest yachts in the world. Like every other company, they had to find a way to feed the never-ending video demands of social media – sites like Instagram and TikTok. We trained the Oyster staff to tell their own stories, using only iPhones.
We were approached by SEPA, the Scottish Environmental Protection Agency because they had to continually find a way to ‘feed the media beast’. The result was that SEPA was able to tell their own stories, whenever they wanted, and at almost no additional cost.
Michael Rosenblum has been writing about the media since 1988. His work and ideas have appeared in The Guardian, The Huffington Post, Ilkeston Life and many other publications.
He has been blogging regularly for the past 35 years on this subject. Having taught media studies at Columbia University, NYU and now the University of Oxford, he is considered an expert on this subject.
Continue reading this post or look back at previous posts.
