#. Copyright (C) 2005-2010 Gregory P. Smith (greg@krypto.org) # Licensed to PSF under a Contributor Agreement. # __doc__ = """hashlib module - A common interface to many hash functions. new(name, data=b'') - returns a new hash object implementing the given hash function; initializing the hash using the given binary data. Named constructor functions are also available, these are faster than using new(name): md5(), sha1(), sha224(), sha256(), sha384(), and sha512() More algorithms may be available on your platform but the above are guaranteed to exist. See the algorithms_guaranteed and algorithms_available attributes to find out what algorithm names can be passed to new(). NOTE: If you want the adler32 or crc32 hash functions they are available in the zlib module. Choose your hash function wisely. Some have known collision weaknesses. sha384 and sha512 will be slow on 32 bit platforms. If the underlying implementation supports "FIPS mode", and this is enabled, it may restrict the available hashes to only those that are compliant with FIPS regulations. For example, it may deny the use of MD5, on the grounds that this is not secure for uses such as authentication, system integrity checking, or digital signatures. If you need to use such a hash for non-security purposes (such as indexing into a data structure for speed), you can override the keyword argument "usedforsecurity" from True to False to signify that your code is not relying on the hash for security purposes, and this will allow the hash to be usable even in FIPS mode. Hash objects have these methods: - update(arg): Update the hash object with the bytes in arg. Repeated calls are equivalent to a single call with the concatenation of all the arguments. - digest(): Return the digest of the bytes passed to the update() method so far. - hexdigest(): Like digest() except the digest is returned as a unicode object of double length, containing only hexadecimal digits. - copy(): Return a copy (clone) of the hash object. This can be used to efficiently compute the digests of strings that share a common initial substring. For example, to obtain the digest of the string 'Nobody inspects the spammish repetition': >>> import hashlib >>> m = hashlib.md5() >>> m.update(b"Nobody inspects") >>> m.update(b" the spammish repetition") >>> m.digest() b'\\xbbd\\x9c\\x83\\xdd\\x1e\\xa5\\xc9\\xd9\\xde\\xc9\\xa1\\x8d\\xf0\\xff\\xe9' More condensed: >>> hashlib.sha224(b"Nobody inspects the spammish repetition").hexdigest() 'a4337bc45a8fc544c03f52dc550cd6e1e87021bc896588bd79e901e2' """ # This tuple and __get_builtin_constructor() must be modified if a new # always available algorithm is added. __always_supported = ('md5', 'sha1', 'sha224', 'sha256', 'sha384', 'sha512') algorithms_guaranteed = set(__always_supported) algorithms_available = set(__always_supported) __all__ = __always_supported + ('new', 'algorithms_guaranteed', 'algorithms_available', 'pbkdf2_hmac') import functools def __ignore_usedforsecurity(func): """Used for sha3_* functions. Until OpenSSL implements them, we want to use them from Python _sha3 module, but we want them to accept usedforsecurity argument too.""" # TODO: remove this function when OpenSSL implements sha3 @functools.wraps(func) def inner(*args, **kwargs): if 'usedforsecurity' in kwargs: kwargs.pop('usedforsecurity') return func(*args, **kwargs) return inner __builtin_constructor_cache = {} def __get_builtin_constructor(name): cache = __builtin_constructor_cache constructor = cache.get(name) if constructor is not None: return constructor try: if name in ('SHA1', 'sha1'): import _sha1 cache['SHA1'] = cache['sha1'] = _sha1.sha1 elif name in ('MD5', 'md5'): import _md5 cache['MD5'] = cache['md5'] = _md5.md5 elif name in ('SHA256', 'sha256', 'SHA224', 'sha224'): import _sha256 cache['SHA224'] = cache['sha224'] = _sha256.sha224 cache['SHA256'] = cache['sha256'] = _sha256.sha256 elif name in ('SHA512', 'sha512', 'SHA384', 'sha384'): import _sha512 cache['SHA384'] = cache['sha384'] = _sha512.sha384 cache['SHA512'] = cache['sha512'] = _sha512.sha512 except ImportError: pass # no extension module, this hash is unsupported. constructor = cache.get(name) if constructor is not None: return constructor raise ValueError('unsupported hash type ' + name) def __get_openssl_constructor(name): try: f = getattr(_hashlib, 'openssl_' + name) # Allow the C module to raise ValueError. The function will be # defined but the hash not actually available thanks to OpenSSL. # We pass "usedforsecurity=False" to disable FIPS-based restrictions: # at this stage we're merely seeing if the function is callable, # rather than using it for actual work. f(usedforsecurity=False) # Use the C function directly (very fast) return f except (AttributeError, ValueError): # TODO: We want to just raise here when OpenSSL implements sha3 # because we want to make sure that Fedora uses everything from OpenSSL return __get_builtin_constructor(name) def __py_new(name, data=b'', usedforsecurity=True): """new(name, data=b'', usedforsecurity=True) - Return a new hashing object using the named algorithm; optionally initialized with data (which must be bytes). The 'usedforsecurity' keyword argument does nothing, and is for compatibilty with the OpenSSL implementation """ return __get_builtin_constructor(name)(data) def __hash_new(name, data=b'', usedforsecurity=True): """new(name, data=b'', usedforsecurity=True) - Return a new hashing object using the named algorithm; optionally initialized with data (which must be bytes). Override 'usedforsecurity' to False when using for non-security purposes in a FIPS environment """ try: return _hashlib.new(name, data, usedforsecurity) except ValueError: # TODO: We want to just raise here when OpenSSL implements sha3 # because we want to make sure that Fedora uses everything from OpenSSL return __get_builtin_constructor(name)(data) try: import _hashlib new = __hash_new __get_hash = __get_openssl_constructor algorithms_available = algorithms_available.union( _hashlib.openssl_md_meth_names) except ImportError: new = __py_new __get_hash = __get_builtin_constructor try: # OpenSSL's PKCS5_PBKDF2_HMAC requires OpenSSL 1.0+ with HMAC and SHA from _hashlib import pbkdf2_hmac except ImportError: _trans_5C = bytes((x ^ 0x5C) for x in range(256)) _trans_36 = bytes((x ^ 0x36) for x in range(256)) def pbkdf2_hmac(hash_name, password, salt, iterations, dklen=None): """Password based key derivation function 2 (PKCS #5 v2.0) This Python implementations based on the hmac module about as fast as OpenSSL's PKCS5_PBKDF2_HMAC for short passwords and much faster for long passwords. """ if not isinstance(hash_name, str): raise TypeError(hash_name) if not isinstance(password, (bytes, bytearray)): password = bytes(memoryview(password)) if not isinstance(salt, (bytes, bytearray)): salt = bytes(memoryview(salt)) # Fast inline HMAC implementation inner = new(hash_name) outer = new(hash_name) blocksize = getattr(inner, 'block_size', 64) if len(password) > blocksize: password = new(hash_name, password).digest() password = password + b'\x00' * (blocksize - len(password)) inner.update(password.translate(_trans_36)) outer.update(password.translate(_trans_5C)) def prf(msg, inner=inner, outer=outer): # PBKDF2_HMAC uses the password as key. We can re-use the same # digest objects and just update copies to skip initialization. icpy = inner.copy() ocpy = outer.copy() icpy.update(msg) ocpy.update(icpy.digest()) return ocpy.digest() if iterations < 1: raise ValueError(iterations) if dklen is None: dklen = outer.digest_size if dklen < 1: raise ValueError(dklen) dkey = b'' loop = 1 from_bytes = int.from_bytes while len(dkey) < dklen: prev = prf(salt + loop.to_bytes(4, 'big')) # endianess doesn't matter here as long to / from use the same rkey = int.from_bytes(prev, 'big') for i in range(iterations - 1): prev = prf(prev) # rkey = rkey ^ prev rkey ^= from_bytes(prev, 'big') loop += 1 dkey += rkey.to_bytes(inner.digest_size, 'big') return dkey[:dklen] for __func_name in __always_supported: # try them all, some may not work due to the OpenSSL # version not supporting that algorithm. try: func = __get_hash(__func_name) if 'sha3_' in __func_name: func = __ignore_usedforsecurity(func) globals()[__func_name] = func except ValueError: import logging logging.exception('code for hash %s was not found.', __func_name) # Cleanup locals() del __always_supported, __func_name, __get_hash del __py_new, __hash_new, __get_openssl_constructor del __ignore_usedforsecurity

RE-INVENTING THE TELEVISION NEWS BUSINESS*

A revolution in video storytelling

Creating entirely new & cost-effective production methods

From the world leaders in video production training and the creators of Character Driven Storytelling™

*and every other business that uses video

WHAT WE DO

Over the past 35 years, we have designed, built or restructured some of the most powerful news and journalism companies in the world.

We replace the traditional TV news ‘crew’ with one highly trained journalist, working alone with nothing but an iPhone.

No more TV news ‘crews’, no editors and no field producers.

This is television news done the way newspaper journalism is done – one reporter with their electronic pad and pencil.

In doing this, we can cut the cost of production by as much as 75% while increasing ratings and audience engagement.

In the place of conventional TV news ‘packages’ – ie, reporter stand up, interview, b-roll, man on the street, we marry great journalism with Netflix and Hollywood storytelling.

It’s a combination that works.

We have taken most of our clients to #1 in their respective markets.

And it’s not just for news. Any company, any profit, any NGO and anyone else who is online needs to tell their story in compelling yet cost-effective video. We can teach you to do that. Either in person or virtually.

EXAMPLES OF WHAT WE CAN TEACH YOUR STAFF TO PRODUCE

ITAY HOD

Itay Hod, MMJ with KPIX/CBS in San Francisco, took the 5-Day Intensive Video Storytelling Bootcamp in 2018.

Because he works alone, with only an iPhone, he was able to embed himself with a homeless family.

Here’s the story he produced in a one-day turn.

KIET DO

Kiet Do, an MMJ with KPIX/CBS in San Francisco, took the 5-Day Intensive Video Storytelling Bootcamp in 2021.

Here is a story he produced, all on his own, with only an iPhone and in a one-day turn.

TAYLOR SCHAUB

Taylor Schaub, an MMJ with Spectrum News 1 in LA, took the 5-Day Intensive Video Storytelling Bootcamp in 2023.

Here is a story he turned in only one day, using only an iPhone. It was the first video story he ever did and it was nominated for an Emmy.

THE BOOTCAMP

How do we convert stations and whole networks to working in this way?

Since 1988, we have run intensive 5-Day Video Storytelling Bootcamps

We have done these all over the world.

These are hands-on bootcamps, and participants learn an entirely new way of creating TV news stories.

-We shoot at a 3:1 ratio or lower, so turnaround times are fast.

-We go directly from camera to timelilne and edit – no written scripts. We work in the medium of pictures and sound.

-We are entirely character-driven.

-We are driven by pictures and real events.

-We are focused almost entirely on ’the viewer experience’.

Since 1988, more than 70,000 journalists around the world have taken our bootcamps, either in person on virtualy.

Case Studies

CBS News

We have started to work with CBS News, bringing our ideas of character-driven storytelling to one of the most successful and biggest networks in the United States. Since beginning to work with them ratings have climbed and more importantly, audience engagement is through the ceiling.

Learn More

New York Times Television

We started New York Times Television in 1990 and it was the first paper to be brought into the world of TV. It quickly became one of the most successful non-fiction production companies in the United States. The series and documentaries we produced won many awards including multiple Emmys.

Learn More

The BBC

We have been working with the BBC since the year 2000 helping to convert their national news network to our visual storytelling technique. Most recently we have trained teams from their sports, documentaries, and comedy divisions to make character-driven stories using only smartphones.

Learn More

Spectrum News

For the past five years we have worked with Spectrum News to introduce and train their journalists on visual, character driven storytelling using smartphones helping to create a different kind of local news for their network of 24-Hour News Stations across the United States.

Learn More

The United Nations

In 2006, we were approached by the United Nations. Rather than rely on news outlets, it would be much easier to train the field operatives to produce their own stories. We spent two years working with the UN, training more than 100 of their staff in bootcamps in Geneva and Nairobi.

Learn More

The Newark Star-Ledger

We trained 50 print reporters at the paper to shoot and tell their own stories, in conjunction with their print work. We built a TV newsroom in their existing print newsroom – you could not ask for a better set and they began to live stream their stories in conjunction with their print work.

Learn More

Mcgraw Hill

We spent two years with McGraw Hill, training more than 150 of their staffers, making them completely video literate. McGraw/Hill media properties we transit included Business Week, Aviation Week, (what was the name of the architecture magazine), and JD Power and Associates.

Learn More

Voice of America

In 1990, we were approached by The Voice of America, the official broadcasting agency for the United States Government. When we met with VOA, they were only a short wave radio broadcaster, but working with them, we took them into television, launching VOA-TV.

Learn More

Oyster Yachts

British based Oyster Yachts makes some of the finest yachts in the world. Like every other company, they had to find a way to feed the never-ending video demands of social media – sites like Instagram and TikTok. We trained the Oyster staff to tell their own stories, using only iPhones.

Learn More

Scottish Environmental Protection Agency

We were approached by SEPA, the Scottish Environmental Protection Agency because they had to continually find a way to ‘feed the media beast’. The result was that SEPA was able to tell their own stories, whenever they wanted, and at almost no additional cost.

Learn More

Michael on Media

Michael Rosenblum has been writing about the media since 1988. His work and ideas have appeared in The Guardian, The Huffington Post, Ilkeston Life and many other publications.

He has been blogging regularly for the past 35 years on this subject. Having taught media studies at Columbia University, NYU and now the University of Oxford, he is considered an expert on this subject.

Continue reading this post or look back at previous posts.

Do You Have Questions About Learning Video Skills?

If you would like to know more about our courses contact us and one of our training advisors will be happy to call you.

Your IP : 216.73.216.134

RE-INVENTING THE TELEVISION NEWS BUSINESS*

A revolution in video storytelling

Creating entirely new & cost-effective production methods

From the world leaders in video production training and the creators of Character Driven Storytelling™

*and every other business that uses video

WHAT WE DO

Over the past 35 years, we have designed, built or restructured some of the most powerful news and journalism companies in the world.

We replace the traditional TV news ‘crew’ with one highly trained journalist, working alone with nothing but an iPhone.

No more TV news ‘crews’, no editors and no field producers.

This is television news done the way newspaper journalism is done – one reporter with their electronic pad and pencil.

In doing this, we can cut the cost of production by as much as 75% while increasing ratings and audience engagement.

In the place of conventional TV news ‘packages’ – ie, reporter stand up, interview, b-roll, man on the street, we marry great journalism with Netflix and Hollywood storytelling.

It’s a combination that works.

We have taken most of our clients to #1 in their respective markets.

And it’s not just for news. Any company, any profit, any NGO and anyone else who is online needs to tell their story in compelling yet cost-effective video. We can teach you to do that. Either in person or virtually.

EXAMPLES OF WHAT WE CAN TEACH YOUR STAFF TO PRODUCE

ITAY HOD

Itay Hod, MMJ with KPIX/CBS in San Francisco, took the 5-Day Intensive Video Storytelling Bootcamp in 2018.

Because he works alone, with only an iPhone, he was able to embed himself with a homeless family.

Here’s the story he produced in a one-day turn.

KIET DO

Kiet Do, an MMJ with KPIX/CBS in San Francisco, took the 5-Day Intensive Video Storytelling Bootcamp in 2021.

Here is a story he produced, all on his own, with only an iPhone and in a one-day turn.

TAYLOR SCHAUB

Taylor Schaub, an MMJ with Spectrum News 1 in LA, took the 5-Day Intensive Video Storytelling Bootcamp in 2023.

Here is a story he turned in only one day, using only an iPhone. It was the first video story he ever did and it was nominated for an Emmy.

THE BOOTCAMP

How do we convert stations and whole networks to working in this way?

Since 1988, we have run intensive 5-Day Video Storytelling Bootcamps

We have done these all over the world.

These are hands-on bootcamps, and participants learn an entirely new way of creating TV news stories.

-We shoot at a 3:1 ratio or lower, so turnaround times are fast.

-We go directly from camera to timelilne and edit – no written scripts. We work in the medium of pictures and sound.

-We are entirely character-driven.

-We are driven by pictures and real events.

-We are focused almost entirely on ’the viewer experience’.

Since 1988, more than 70,000 journalists around the world have taken our bootcamps, either in person on virtualy.

Case Studies

CBS News

New York Times Television

The BBC

Spectrum News

The United Nations

The Newark Star-Ledger

Mcgraw Hill

Voice of America

Oyster Yachts

Scottish Environmental Protection Agency

Michael on Media