"""Generic (shallow and deep) copying operations. Interface summary: import copy x = copy.copy(y) # make a shallow copy of y x = copy.deepcopy(y) # make a deep copy of y For module specific errors, copy.Error is raised. The difference between shallow and deep copying is only relevant for compound objects (objects that contain other objects, like lists or class instances). - A shallow copy constructs a new compound object and then (to the extent possible) inserts *the same objects* into it that the original contains. - A deep copy constructs a new compound object and then, recursively, inserts *copies* into it of the objects found in the original. Two problems often exist with deep copy operations that don't exist with shallow copy operations: a) recursive objects (compound objects that, directly or indirectly, contain a reference to themselves) may cause a recursive loop b) because deep copy copies *everything* it may copy too much, e.g. administrative data structures that should be shared even between copies Python's deep copy operation avoids these problems by: a) keeping a table of objects already copied during the current copying pass b) letting user-defined classes override the copying operation or the set of components copied This version does not copy types like module, class, function, method, nor stack trace, stack frame, nor file, socket, window, nor array, nor any similar types. Classes can use the same interfaces to control copying that they use to control pickling: they can define methods called __getinitargs__(), __getstate__() and __setstate__(). See the documentation for module "pickle" for information on these methods. """ import types import weakref from copyreg import dispatch_table import builtins class Error(Exception): pass error = Error # backward compatibility try: from org.python.core import PyStringMap except ImportError: PyStringMap = None __all__ = ["Error", "copy", "deepcopy"] def copy(x): """Shallow copy operation on arbitrary Python objects. See the module's __doc__ string for more info. """ cls = type(x) copier = _copy_dispatch.get(cls) if copier: return copier(x) try: issc = issubclass(cls, type) except TypeError: # cls is not a class issc = False if issc: # treat it as a regular class: return _copy_immutable(x) copier = getattr(cls, "__copy__", None) if copier: return copier(x) reductor = dispatch_table.get(cls) if reductor: rv = reductor(x) else: reductor = getattr(x, "__reduce_ex__", None) if reductor: rv = reductor(4) else: reductor = getattr(x, "__reduce__", None) if reductor: rv = reductor() else: raise Error("un(shallow)copyable object of type %s" % cls) return _reconstruct(x, rv, 0) _copy_dispatch = d = {} def _copy_immutable(x): return x for t in (type(None), int, float, bool, str, tuple, bytes, frozenset, type, range, types.BuiltinFunctionType, type(Ellipsis), types.FunctionType, weakref.ref): d[t] = _copy_immutable t = getattr(types, "CodeType", None) if t is not None: d[t] = _copy_immutable for name in ("complex", "unicode"): t = getattr(builtins, name, None) if t is not None: d[t] = _copy_immutable def _copy_with_constructor(x): return type(x)(x) for t in (list, dict, set): d[t] = _copy_with_constructor def _copy_with_copy_method(x): return x.copy() if PyStringMap is not None: d[PyStringMap] = _copy_with_copy_method del d def deepcopy(x, memo=None, _nil=[]): """Deep copy operation on arbitrary Python objects. See the module's __doc__ string for more info. """ if memo is None: memo = {} d = id(x) y = memo.get(d, _nil) if y is not _nil: return y cls = type(x) copier = _deepcopy_dispatch.get(cls) if copier: y = copier(x, memo) else: try: issc = issubclass(cls, type) except TypeError: # cls is not a class (old Boost; see SF #502085) issc = 0 if issc: y = _deepcopy_atomic(x, memo) else: copier = getattr(x, "__deepcopy__", None) if copier: y = copier(memo) else: reductor = dispatch_table.get(cls) if reductor: rv = reductor(x) else: reductor = getattr(x, "__reduce_ex__", None) if reductor: rv = reductor(4) else: reductor = getattr(x, "__reduce__", None) if reductor: rv = reductor() else: raise Error( "un(deep)copyable object of type %s" % cls) y = _reconstruct(x, rv, 1, memo) # If is its own copy, don't memoize. if y is not x: memo[d] = y _keep_alive(x, memo) # Make sure x lives at least as long as d return y _deepcopy_dispatch = d = {} def _deepcopy_atomic(x, memo): return x d[type(None)] = _deepcopy_atomic d[type(Ellipsis)] = _deepcopy_atomic d[int] = _deepcopy_atomic d[float] = _deepcopy_atomic d[bool] = _deepcopy_atomic try: d[complex] = _deepcopy_atomic except NameError: pass d[bytes] = _deepcopy_atomic d[str] = _deepcopy_atomic try: d[types.CodeType] = _deepcopy_atomic except AttributeError: pass d[type] = _deepcopy_atomic d[range] = _deepcopy_atomic d[types.BuiltinFunctionType] = _deepcopy_atomic d[types.FunctionType] = _deepcopy_atomic d[weakref.ref] = _deepcopy_atomic def _deepcopy_list(x, memo): y = [] memo[id(x)] = y for a in x: y.append(deepcopy(a, memo)) return y d[list] = _deepcopy_list def _deepcopy_tuple(x, memo): y = [deepcopy(a, memo) for a in x] # We're not going to put the tuple in the memo, but it's still important we # check for it, in case the tuple contains recursive mutable structures. try: return memo[id(x)] except KeyError: pass for k, j in zip(x, y): if k is not j: y = tuple(y) break else: y = x return y d[tuple] = _deepcopy_tuple def _deepcopy_dict(x, memo): y = {} memo[id(x)] = y for key, value in x.items(): y[deepcopy(key, memo)] = deepcopy(value, memo) return y d[dict] = _deepcopy_dict if PyStringMap is not None: d[PyStringMap] = _deepcopy_dict def _deepcopy_method(x, memo): # Copy instance methods return type(x)(x.__func__, deepcopy(x.__self__, memo)) _deepcopy_dispatch[types.MethodType] = _deepcopy_method def _keep_alive(x, memo): """Keeps a reference to the object x in the memo. Because we remember objects by their id, we have to assure that possibly temporary objects are kept alive by referencing them. We store a reference at the id of the memo, which should normally not be used unless someone tries to deepcopy the memo itself... """ try: memo[id(memo)].append(x) except KeyError: # aha, this is the first one :-) memo[id(memo)]=[x] def _reconstruct(x, info, deep, memo=None): if isinstance(info, str): return x assert isinstance(info, tuple) if memo is None: memo = {} n = len(info) assert n in (2, 3, 4, 5) callable, args = info[:2] if n > 2: state = info[2] else: state = {} if n > 3: listiter = info[3] else: listiter = None if n > 4: dictiter = info[4] else: dictiter = None if deep: args = deepcopy(args, memo) y = callable(*args) memo[id(x)] = y if state: if deep: state = deepcopy(state, memo) if hasattr(y, '__setstate__'): y.__setstate__(state) else: if isinstance(state, tuple) and len(state) == 2: state, slotstate = state else: slotstate = None if state is not None: y.__dict__.update(state) if slotstate is not None: for key, value in slotstate.items(): setattr(y, key, value) if listiter is not None: for item in listiter: if deep: item = deepcopy(item, memo) y.append(item) if dictiter is not None: for key, value in dictiter: if deep: key = deepcopy(key, memo) value = deepcopy(value, memo) y[key] = value return y del d del types # Helper for instance creation without calling __init__ class _EmptyClass: pass

RE-INVENTING THE TELEVISION NEWS BUSINESS*

A revolution in video storytelling

Creating entirely new & cost-effective production methods

From the world leaders in video production training and the creators of Character Driven Storytelling™

*and every other business that uses video

WHAT WE DO

Over the past 35 years, we have designed, built or restructured some of the most powerful news and journalism companies in the world.

We replace the traditional TV news ‘crew’ with one highly trained journalist, working alone with nothing but an iPhone.

No more TV news ‘crews’, no editors and no field producers.

This is television news done the way newspaper journalism is done – one reporter with their electronic pad and pencil.

In doing this, we can cut the cost of production by as much as 75% while increasing ratings and audience engagement.

In the place of conventional TV news ‘packages’ – ie, reporter stand up, interview, b-roll, man on the street, we marry great journalism with Netflix and Hollywood storytelling.

It’s a combination that works.

We have taken most of our clients to #1 in their respective markets.

And it’s not just for news. Any company, any profit, any NGO and anyone else who is online needs to tell their story in compelling yet cost-effective video. We can teach you to do that. Either in person or virtually.

EXAMPLES OF WHAT WE CAN TEACH YOUR STAFF TO PRODUCE

ITAY HOD

Itay Hod, MMJ with KPIX/CBS in San Francisco, took the 5-Day Intensive Video Storytelling Bootcamp in 2018.

Because he works alone, with only an iPhone, he was able to embed himself with a homeless family.

Here’s the story he produced in a one-day turn.

KIET DO

Kiet Do, an MMJ with KPIX/CBS in San Francisco, took the 5-Day Intensive Video Storytelling Bootcamp in 2021.

Here is a story he produced, all on his own, with only an iPhone and in a one-day turn.

TAYLOR SCHAUB

Taylor Schaub, an MMJ with Spectrum News 1 in LA, took the 5-Day Intensive Video Storytelling Bootcamp in 2023.

Here is a story he turned in only one day, using only an iPhone. It was the first video story he ever did and it was nominated for an Emmy.

THE BOOTCAMP

How do we convert stations and whole networks to working in this way?

Since 1988, we have run intensive 5-Day Video Storytelling Bootcamps

We have done these all over the world.

These are hands-on bootcamps, and participants learn an entirely new way of creating TV news stories.

-We shoot at a 3:1 ratio or lower, so turnaround times are fast.

-We go directly from camera to timelilne and edit – no written scripts. We work in the medium of pictures and sound.

-We are entirely character-driven.

-We are driven by pictures and real events.

-We are focused almost entirely on ’the viewer experience’.

Since 1988, more than 70,000 journalists around the world have taken our bootcamps, either in person on virtualy.

Case Studies

CBS News

We have started to work with CBS News, bringing our ideas of character-driven storytelling to one of the most successful and biggest networks in the United States. Since beginning to work with them ratings have climbed and more importantly, audience engagement is through the ceiling.

Learn More

New York Times Television

We started New York Times Television in 1990 and it was the first paper to be brought into the world of TV. It quickly became one of the most successful non-fiction production companies in the United States. The series and documentaries we produced won many awards including multiple Emmys.

Learn More

The BBC

We have been working with the BBC since the year 2000 helping to convert their national news network to our visual storytelling technique. Most recently we have trained teams from their sports, documentaries, and comedy divisions to make character-driven stories using only smartphones.

Learn More

Spectrum News

For the past five years we have worked with Spectrum News to introduce and train their journalists on visual, character driven storytelling using smartphones helping to create a different kind of local news for their network of 24-Hour News Stations across the United States.

Learn More

The United Nations

In 2006, we were approached by the United Nations. Rather than rely on news outlets, it would be much easier to train the field operatives to produce their own stories. We spent two years working with the UN, training more than 100 of their staff in bootcamps in Geneva and Nairobi.

Learn More

The Newark Star-Ledger

We trained 50 print reporters at the paper to shoot and tell their own stories, in conjunction with their print work. We built a TV newsroom in their existing print newsroom – you could not ask for a better set and they began to live stream their stories in conjunction with their print work.

Learn More

Mcgraw Hill

We spent two years with McGraw Hill, training more than 150 of their staffers, making them completely video literate. McGraw/Hill media properties we transit included Business Week, Aviation Week, (what was the name of the architecture magazine), and JD Power and Associates.

Learn More

Voice of America

In 1990, we were approached by The Voice of America, the official broadcasting agency for the United States Government. When we met with VOA, they were only a short wave radio broadcaster, but working with them, we took them into television, launching VOA-TV.

Learn More

Oyster Yachts

British based Oyster Yachts makes some of the finest yachts in the world. Like every other company, they had to find a way to feed the never-ending video demands of social media – sites like Instagram and TikTok. We trained the Oyster staff to tell their own stories, using only iPhones.

Learn More

Scottish Environmental Protection Agency

We were approached by SEPA, the Scottish Environmental Protection Agency because they had to continually find a way to ‘feed the media beast’. The result was that SEPA was able to tell their own stories, whenever they wanted, and at almost no additional cost.

Learn More

Michael on Media

Michael Rosenblum has been writing about the media since 1988. His work and ideas have appeared in The Guardian, The Huffington Post, Ilkeston Life and many other publications.

He has been blogging regularly for the past 35 years on this subject. Having taught media studies at Columbia University, NYU and now the University of Oxford, he is considered an expert on this subject.

Continue reading this post or look back at previous posts.

Do You Have Questions About Learning Video Skills?

If you would like to know more about our courses contact us and one of our training advisors will be happy to call you.

Your IP : 216.73.216.103

RE-INVENTING THE TELEVISION NEWS BUSINESS*

A revolution in video storytelling

Creating entirely new & cost-effective production methods

From the world leaders in video production training and the creators of Character Driven Storytelling™

*and every other business that uses video

WHAT WE DO

Over the past 35 years, we have designed, built or restructured some of the most powerful news and journalism companies in the world.

We replace the traditional TV news ‘crew’ with one highly trained journalist, working alone with nothing but an iPhone.

No more TV news ‘crews’, no editors and no field producers.

This is television news done the way newspaper journalism is done – one reporter with their electronic pad and pencil.

In doing this, we can cut the cost of production by as much as 75% while increasing ratings and audience engagement.

In the place of conventional TV news ‘packages’ – ie, reporter stand up, interview, b-roll, man on the street, we marry great journalism with Netflix and Hollywood storytelling.

It’s a combination that works.

We have taken most of our clients to #1 in their respective markets.

And it’s not just for news. Any company, any profit, any NGO and anyone else who is online needs to tell their story in compelling yet cost-effective video. We can teach you to do that. Either in person or virtually.

EXAMPLES OF WHAT WE CAN TEACH YOUR STAFF TO PRODUCE

ITAY HOD

Itay Hod, MMJ with KPIX/CBS in San Francisco, took the 5-Day Intensive Video Storytelling Bootcamp in 2018.

Because he works alone, with only an iPhone, he was able to embed himself with a homeless family.

Here’s the story he produced in a one-day turn.

KIET DO

Kiet Do, an MMJ with KPIX/CBS in San Francisco, took the 5-Day Intensive Video Storytelling Bootcamp in 2021.

Here is a story he produced, all on his own, with only an iPhone and in a one-day turn.

TAYLOR SCHAUB

Taylor Schaub, an MMJ with Spectrum News 1 in LA, took the 5-Day Intensive Video Storytelling Bootcamp in 2023.

Here is a story he turned in only one day, using only an iPhone. It was the first video story he ever did and it was nominated for an Emmy.

THE BOOTCAMP

How do we convert stations and whole networks to working in this way?

Since 1988, we have run intensive 5-Day Video Storytelling Bootcamps

We have done these all over the world.

These are hands-on bootcamps, and participants learn an entirely new way of creating TV news stories.

-We shoot at a 3:1 ratio or lower, so turnaround times are fast.

-We go directly from camera to timelilne and edit – no written scripts. We work in the medium of pictures and sound.

-We are entirely character-driven.

-We are driven by pictures and real events.

-We are focused almost entirely on ’the viewer experience’.

Since 1988, more than 70,000 journalists around the world have taken our bootcamps, either in person on virtualy.

Case Studies

CBS News

New York Times Television

The BBC

Spectrum News

The United Nations

The Newark Star-Ledger

Mcgraw Hill

Voice of America

Oyster Yachts

Scottish Environmental Protection Agency

Michael on Media