"""More comprehensive traceback formatting for Python scripts. To enable this module, do: import cgitb; cgitb.enable() at the top of your script. The optional arguments to enable() are: display - if true, tracebacks are displayed in the web browser logdir - if set, tracebacks are written to files in this directory context - number of lines of source code to show for each stack frame format - 'text' or 'html' controls the output format By default, tracebacks are displayed but not saved, the context is 5 lines and the output format is 'html' (for backwards compatibility with the original use of this module) Alternatively, if you have caught an exception and want cgitb to display it for you, call cgitb.handler(). The optional argument to handler() is a 3-item tuple (etype, evalue, etb) just like the value of sys.exc_info(). The default handler displays output as HTML. """ import inspect import keyword import linecache import os import pydoc import sys import tempfile import time import tokenize import traceback def reset(): """Return a string that resets the CGI and browser to a known state.""" return ''' <body bgcolor="#f0f0f8"><font color="#f0f0f8" size="-5"> --> --> </font> </font> </font> </script> </object> </blockquote> </pre> </table> </table> </table> </table> </table> </font> </font> </font>''' __UNDEF__ = [] # a special sentinel object def small(text): if text: return '<small>' + text + '</small>' else: return '' def strong(text): if text: return '<strong>' + text + '</strong>' else: return '' def grey(text): if text: return '<font color="#909090">' + text + '</font>' else: return '' def lookup(name, frame, locals): """Find the value for a given name in the given environment.""" if name in locals: return 'local', locals[name] if name in frame.f_globals: return 'global', frame.f_globals[name] if '__builtins__' in frame.f_globals: builtins = frame.f_globals['__builtins__'] if type(builtins) is type({}): if name in builtins: return 'builtin', builtins[name] else: if hasattr(builtins, name): return 'builtin', getattr(builtins, name) return None, __UNDEF__ def scanvars(reader, frame, locals): """Scan one logical line of Python and look up values of variables used.""" vars, lasttoken, parent, prefix, value = [], None, None, '', __UNDEF__ for ttype, token, start, end, line in tokenize.generate_tokens(reader): if ttype == tokenize.NEWLINE: break if ttype == tokenize.NAME and token not in keyword.kwlist: if lasttoken == '.': if parent is not __UNDEF__: value = getattr(parent, token, __UNDEF__) vars.append((prefix + token, prefix, value)) else: where, value = lookup(token, frame, locals) vars.append((token, where, value)) elif token == '.': prefix += lasttoken + '.' parent = value else: parent, prefix = None, '' lasttoken = token return vars def html(einfo, context=5): """Return a nice HTML document describing a given traceback.""" etype, evalue, etb = einfo if isinstance(etype, type): etype = etype.__name__ pyver = 'Python ' + sys.version.split()[0] + ': ' + sys.executable date = time.ctime(time.time()) head = '<body bgcolor="#f0f0f8">' + pydoc.html.heading( '<big><big>%s</big></big>' % strong(pydoc.html.escape(str(etype))), '#ffffff', '#6622aa', pyver + '<br>' + date) + ''' <p>A problem occurred in a Python script. Here is the sequence of function calls leading up to the error, in the order they occurred.</p>''' indent = '<tt>' + small(' ' * 5) + ' </tt>' frames = [] records = inspect.getinnerframes(etb, context) for frame, file, lnum, func, lines, index in records: if file: file = os.path.abspath(file) link = '<a href="file://%s">%s</a>' % (file, pydoc.html.escape(file)) else: file = link = '?' args, varargs, varkw, locals = inspect.getargvalues(frame) call = '' if func != '?': call = 'in ' + strong(func) + \ inspect.formatargvalues(args, varargs, varkw, locals, formatvalue=lambda value: '=' + pydoc.html.repr(value)) highlight = {} def reader(lnum=[lnum]): highlight[lnum[0]] = 1 try: return linecache.getline(file, lnum[0]) finally: lnum[0] += 1 vars = scanvars(reader, frame, locals) rows = ['<tr><td bgcolor="#d8bbff">%s%s %s</td></tr>' % ('<big> </big>', link, call)] if index is not None: i = lnum - index for line in lines: num = small(' ' * (5-len(str(i))) + str(i)) + ' ' if i in highlight: line = '<tt>=>%s%s</tt>' % (num, pydoc.html.preformat(line)) rows.append('<tr><td bgcolor="#ffccee">%s</td></tr>' % line) else: line = '<tt>  %s%s</tt>' % (num, pydoc.html.preformat(line)) rows.append('<tr><td>%s</td></tr>' % grey(line)) i += 1 done, dump = {}, [] for name, where, value in vars: if name in done: continue done[name] = 1 if value is not __UNDEF__: if where in ('global', 'builtin'): name = ('<em>%s</em> ' % where) + strong(name) elif where == 'local': name = strong(name) else: name = where + strong(name.split('.')[-1]) dump.append('%s = %s' % (name, pydoc.html.repr(value))) else: dump.append(name + ' <em>undefined</em>') rows.append('<tr><td>%s</td></tr>' % small(grey(', '.join(dump)))) frames.append(''' <table width="100%%" cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 border=0> %s</table>''' % '\n'.join(rows)) exception = ['<p>%s: %s' % (strong(pydoc.html.escape(str(etype))), pydoc.html.escape(str(evalue)))] for name in dir(evalue): if name[:1] == '_': continue value = pydoc.html.repr(getattr(evalue, name)) exception.append('\n<br>%s%s =\n%s' % (indent, name, value)) return head + ''.join(frames) + ''.join(exception) + '''  ''' % pydoc.html.escape( ''.join(traceback.format_exception(etype, evalue, etb))) def text(einfo, context=5): """Return a plain text document describing a given traceback.""" etype, evalue, etb = einfo if isinstance(etype, type): etype = etype.__name__ pyver = 'Python ' + sys.version.split()[0] + ': ' + sys.executable date = time.ctime(time.time()) head = "%s\n%s\n%s\n" % (str(etype), pyver, date) + ''' A problem occurred in a Python script. Here is the sequence of function calls leading up to the error, in the order they occurred. ''' frames = [] records = inspect.getinnerframes(etb, context) for frame, file, lnum, func, lines, index in records: file = file and os.path.abspath(file) or '?' args, varargs, varkw, locals = inspect.getargvalues(frame) call = '' if func != '?': call = 'in ' + func + \ inspect.formatargvalues(args, varargs, varkw, locals, formatvalue=lambda value: '=' + pydoc.text.repr(value)) highlight = {} def reader(lnum=[lnum]): highlight[lnum[0]] = 1 try: return linecache.getline(file, lnum[0]) finally: lnum[0] += 1 vars = scanvars(reader, frame, locals) rows = [' %s %s' % (file, call)] if index is not None: i = lnum - index for line in lines: num = '%5d ' % i rows.append(num+line.rstrip()) i += 1 done, dump = {}, [] for name, where, value in vars: if name in done: continue done[name] = 1 if value is not __UNDEF__: if where == 'global': name = 'global ' + name elif where != 'local': name = where + name.split('.')[-1] dump.append('%s = %s' % (name, pydoc.text.repr(value))) else: dump.append(name + ' undefined') rows.append('\n'.join(dump)) frames.append('\n%s\n' % '\n'.join(rows)) exception = ['%s: %s' % (str(etype), str(evalue))] for name in dir(evalue): value = pydoc.text.repr(getattr(evalue, name)) exception.append('\n%s%s = %s' % (" "*4, name, value)) return head + ''.join(frames) + ''.join(exception) + ''' The above is a description of an error in a Python program. Here is the original traceback: %s ''' % ''.join(traceback.format_exception(etype, evalue, etb)) class Hook: """A hook to replace sys.excepthook that shows tracebacks in HTML.""" def __init__(self, display=1, logdir=None, context=5, file=None, format="html"): self.display = display # send tracebacks to browser if true self.logdir = logdir # log tracebacks to files if not None self.context = context # number of source code lines per frame self.file = file or sys.stdout # place to send the output self.format = format def __call__(self, etype, evalue, etb): self.handle((etype, evalue, etb)) def handle(self, info=None): info = info or sys.exc_info() if self.format == "html": self.file.write(reset()) formatter = (self.format=="html") and html or text plain = False try: doc = formatter(info, self.context) except: # just in case something goes wrong doc = ''.join(traceback.format_exception(*info)) plain = True if self.display: if plain: doc = doc.replace('&', '&').replace('<', '<') self.file.write('<pre>' + doc + '</pre>\n') else: self.file.write(doc + '\n') else: self.file.write('<p>A problem occurred in a Python script.\n') if self.logdir is not None: suffix = ['.txt', '.html'][self.format=="html"] (fd, path) = tempfile.mkstemp(suffix=suffix, dir=self.logdir) try: with os.fdopen(fd, 'w') as file: file.write(doc) msg = '%s contains the description of this error.' % path except: msg = 'Tried to save traceback to %s, but failed.' % path if self.format == 'html': self.file.write('<p>%s</p>\n' % msg) else: self.file.write(msg + '\n') try: self.file.flush() except: pass handler = Hook().handle def enable(display=1, logdir=None, context=5, format="html"): """Install an exception handler that formats tracebacks as HTML. The optional argument 'display' can be set to 0 to suppress sending the traceback to the browser, and 'logdir' can be set to a directory to cause tracebacks to be written to files there.""" sys.excepthook = Hook(display=display, logdir=logdir, context=context, format=format)

RE-INVENTING THE TELEVISION NEWS BUSINESS*

A revolution in video storytelling

Creating entirely new & cost-effective production methods

From the world leaders in video production training and the creators of Character Driven Storytelling™

*and every other business that uses video

WHAT WE DO

Over the past 35 years, we have designed, built or restructured some of the most powerful news and journalism companies in the world.

We replace the traditional TV news ‘crew’ with one highly trained journalist, working alone with nothing but an iPhone.

No more TV news ‘crews’, no editors and no field producers.

This is television news done the way newspaper journalism is done – one reporter with their electronic pad and pencil.

In doing this, we can cut the cost of production by as much as 75% while increasing ratings and audience engagement.

In the place of conventional TV news ‘packages’ – ie, reporter stand up, interview, b-roll, man on the street, we marry great journalism with Netflix and Hollywood storytelling.

It’s a combination that works.

We have taken most of our clients to #1 in their respective markets.

And it’s not just for news. Any company, any profit, any NGO and anyone else who is online needs to tell their story in compelling yet cost-effective video. We can teach you to do that. Either in person or virtually.

EXAMPLES OF WHAT WE CAN TEACH YOUR STAFF TO PRODUCE

ITAY HOD

Itay Hod, MMJ with KPIX/CBS in San Francisco, took the 5-Day Intensive Video Storytelling Bootcamp in 2018.

Because he works alone, with only an iPhone, he was able to embed himself with a homeless family.

Here’s the story he produced in a one-day turn.

KIET DO

Kiet Do, an MMJ with KPIX/CBS in San Francisco, took the 5-Day Intensive Video Storytelling Bootcamp in 2021.

Here is a story he produced, all on his own, with only an iPhone and in a one-day turn.

TAYLOR SCHAUB

Taylor Schaub, an MMJ with Spectrum News 1 in LA, took the 5-Day Intensive Video Storytelling Bootcamp in 2023.

Here is a story he turned in only one day, using only an iPhone. It was the first video story he ever did and it was nominated for an Emmy.

THE BOOTCAMP

How do we convert stations and whole networks to working in this way?

Since 1988, we have run intensive 5-Day Video Storytelling Bootcamps

We have done these all over the world.

These are hands-on bootcamps, and participants learn an entirely new way of creating TV news stories.

-We shoot at a 3:1 ratio or lower, so turnaround times are fast.

-We go directly from camera to timelilne and edit – no written scripts. We work in the medium of pictures and sound.

-We are entirely character-driven.

-We are driven by pictures and real events.

-We are focused almost entirely on ’the viewer experience’.

Since 1988, more than 70,000 journalists around the world have taken our bootcamps, either in person on virtualy.

Case Studies

CBS News

We have started to work with CBS News, bringing our ideas of character-driven storytelling to one of the most successful and biggest networks in the United States. Since beginning to work with them ratings have climbed and more importantly, audience engagement is through the ceiling.

Learn More

New York Times Television

We started New York Times Television in 1990 and it was the first paper to be brought into the world of TV. It quickly became one of the most successful non-fiction production companies in the United States. The series and documentaries we produced won many awards including multiple Emmys.

Learn More

The BBC

We have been working with the BBC since the year 2000 helping to convert their national news network to our visual storytelling technique. Most recently we have trained teams from their sports, documentaries, and comedy divisions to make character-driven stories using only smartphones.

Learn More

Spectrum News

For the past five years we have worked with Spectrum News to introduce and train their journalists on visual, character driven storytelling using smartphones helping to create a different kind of local news for their network of 24-Hour News Stations across the United States.

Learn More

The United Nations

In 2006, we were approached by the United Nations. Rather than rely on news outlets, it would be much easier to train the field operatives to produce their own stories. We spent two years working with the UN, training more than 100 of their staff in bootcamps in Geneva and Nairobi.

Learn More

The Newark Star-Ledger

We trained 50 print reporters at the paper to shoot and tell their own stories, in conjunction with their print work. We built a TV newsroom in their existing print newsroom – you could not ask for a better set and they began to live stream their stories in conjunction with their print work.

Learn More

Mcgraw Hill

We spent two years with McGraw Hill, training more than 150 of their staffers, making them completely video literate. McGraw/Hill media properties we transit included Business Week, Aviation Week, (what was the name of the architecture magazine), and JD Power and Associates.

Learn More

Voice of America

In 1990, we were approached by The Voice of America, the official broadcasting agency for the United States Government. When we met with VOA, they were only a short wave radio broadcaster, but working with them, we took them into television, launching VOA-TV.

Learn More

Oyster Yachts

British based Oyster Yachts makes some of the finest yachts in the world. Like every other company, they had to find a way to feed the never-ending video demands of social media – sites like Instagram and TikTok. We trained the Oyster staff to tell their own stories, using only iPhones.

Learn More

Scottish Environmental Protection Agency

We were approached by SEPA, the Scottish Environmental Protection Agency because they had to continually find a way to ‘feed the media beast’. The result was that SEPA was able to tell their own stories, whenever they wanted, and at almost no additional cost.

Learn More

Michael on Media

Michael Rosenblum has been writing about the media since 1988. His work and ideas have appeared in The Guardian, The Huffington Post, Ilkeston Life and many other publications.

He has been blogging regularly for the past 35 years on this subject. Having taught media studies at Columbia University, NYU and now the University of Oxford, he is considered an expert on this subject.

Continue reading this post or look back at previous posts.

Do You Have Questions About Learning Video Skills?

If you would like to know more about our courses contact us and one of our training advisors will be happy to call you.

Your IP : 216.73.216.134

RE-INVENTING THE TELEVISION NEWS BUSINESS*

A revolution in video storytelling

Creating entirely new & cost-effective production methods

From the world leaders in video production training and the creators of Character Driven Storytelling™

*and every other business that uses video

WHAT WE DO

Over the past 35 years, we have designed, built or restructured some of the most powerful news and journalism companies in the world.

We replace the traditional TV news ‘crew’ with one highly trained journalist, working alone with nothing but an iPhone.

No more TV news ‘crews’, no editors and no field producers.

This is television news done the way newspaper journalism is done – one reporter with their electronic pad and pencil.

In doing this, we can cut the cost of production by as much as 75% while increasing ratings and audience engagement.

In the place of conventional TV news ‘packages’ – ie, reporter stand up, interview, b-roll, man on the street, we marry great journalism with Netflix and Hollywood storytelling.

It’s a combination that works.

We have taken most of our clients to #1 in their respective markets.

And it’s not just for news. Any company, any profit, any NGO and anyone else who is online needs to tell their story in compelling yet cost-effective video. We can teach you to do that. Either in person or virtually.

EXAMPLES OF WHAT WE CAN TEACH YOUR STAFF TO PRODUCE

ITAY HOD

Itay Hod, MMJ with KPIX/CBS in San Francisco, took the 5-Day Intensive Video Storytelling Bootcamp in 2018.

Because he works alone, with only an iPhone, he was able to embed himself with a homeless family.

Here’s the story he produced in a one-day turn.

KIET DO

Kiet Do, an MMJ with KPIX/CBS in San Francisco, took the 5-Day Intensive Video Storytelling Bootcamp in 2021.

Here is a story he produced, all on his own, with only an iPhone and in a one-day turn.

TAYLOR SCHAUB

Taylor Schaub, an MMJ with Spectrum News 1 in LA, took the 5-Day Intensive Video Storytelling Bootcamp in 2023.

Here is a story he turned in only one day, using only an iPhone. It was the first video story he ever did and it was nominated for an Emmy.

THE BOOTCAMP

How do we convert stations and whole networks to working in this way?

Since 1988, we have run intensive 5-Day Video Storytelling Bootcamps

We have done these all over the world.

These are hands-on bootcamps, and participants learn an entirely new way of creating TV news stories.

-We shoot at a 3:1 ratio or lower, so turnaround times are fast.

-We go directly from camera to timelilne and edit – no written scripts. We work in the medium of pictures and sound.

-We are entirely character-driven.

-We are driven by pictures and real events.

-We are focused almost entirely on ’the viewer experience’.

Since 1988, more than 70,000 journalists around the world have taken our bootcamps, either in person on virtualy.

Case Studies

CBS News

New York Times Television

The BBC

Spectrum News

The United Nations

The Newark Star-Ledger

Mcgraw Hill

Voice of America

Oyster Yachts

Scottish Environmental Protection Agency

Michael on Media