"""Macintosh binhex compression/decompression. easy interface: binhex(inputfilename, outputfilename) hexbin(inputfilename, outputfilename) """ # # Jack Jansen, CWI, August 1995. # # The module is supposed to be as compatible as possible. Especially the # easy interface should work "as expected" on any platform. # XXXX Note: currently, textfiles appear in mac-form on all platforms. # We seem to lack a simple character-translate in python. # (we should probably use ISO-Latin-1 on all but the mac platform). # XXXX The simple routines are too simple: they expect to hold the complete # files in-core. Should be fixed. # XXXX It would be nice to handle AppleDouble format on unix # (for servers serving macs). # XXXX I don't understand what happens when you get 0x90 times the same byte on # input. The resulting code (xx 90 90) would appear to be interpreted as an # escaped *value* of 0x90. All coders I've seen appear to ignore this nicety... # import io import os import struct import binascii __all__ = ["binhex","hexbin","Error"] class Error(Exception): pass # States (what have we written) _DID_HEADER = 0 _DID_DATA = 1 # Various constants REASONABLY_LARGE = 32768 # Minimal amount we pass the rle-coder LINELEN = 64 RUNCHAR = b"\x90" # # This code is no longer byte-order dependent class FInfo: def __init__(self): self.Type = '????' self.Creator = '????' self.Flags = 0 def getfileinfo(name): finfo = FInfo() with io.open(name, 'rb') as fp: # Quick check for textfile data = fp.read(512) if 0 not in data: finfo.Type = 'TEXT' fp.seek(0, 2) dsize = fp.tell() dir, file = os.path.split(name) file = file.replace(':', '-', 1) return file, finfo, dsize, 0 class openrsrc: def __init__(self, *args): pass def read(self, *args): return b'' def write(self, *args): pass def close(self): pass class _Hqxcoderengine: """Write data to the coder in 3-byte chunks""" def __init__(self, ofp): self.ofp = ofp self.data = b'' self.hqxdata = b'' self.linelen = LINELEN - 1 def write(self, data): self.data = self.data + data datalen = len(self.data) todo = (datalen // 3) * 3 data = self.data[:todo] self.data = self.data[todo:] if not data: return self.hqxdata = self.hqxdata + binascii.b2a_hqx(data) self._flush(0) def _flush(self, force): first = 0 while first <= len(self.hqxdata) - self.linelen: last = first + self.linelen self.ofp.write(self.hqxdata[first:last] + b'\n') self.linelen = LINELEN first = last self.hqxdata = self.hqxdata[first:] if force: self.ofp.write(self.hqxdata + b':\n') def close(self): if self.data: self.hqxdata = self.hqxdata + binascii.b2a_hqx(self.data) self._flush(1) self.ofp.close() del self.ofp class _Rlecoderengine: """Write data to the RLE-coder in suitably large chunks""" def __init__(self, ofp): self.ofp = ofp self.data = b'' def write(self, data): self.data = self.data + data if len(self.data) < REASONABLY_LARGE: return rledata = binascii.rlecode_hqx(self.data) self.ofp.write(rledata) self.data = b'' def close(self): if self.data: rledata = binascii.rlecode_hqx(self.data) self.ofp.write(rledata) self.ofp.close() del self.ofp class BinHex: def __init__(self, name_finfo_dlen_rlen, ofp): name, finfo, dlen, rlen = name_finfo_dlen_rlen close_on_error = False if isinstance(ofp, str): ofname = ofp ofp = io.open(ofname, 'wb') close_on_error = True try: ofp.write(b'(This file must be converted with BinHex 4.0)\r\r:') hqxer = _Hqxcoderengine(ofp) self.ofp = _Rlecoderengine(hqxer) self.crc = 0 if finfo is None: finfo = FInfo() self.dlen = dlen self.rlen = rlen self._writeinfo(name, finfo) self.state = _DID_HEADER except: if close_on_error: ofp.close() raise def _writeinfo(self, name, finfo): nl = len(name) if nl > 63: raise Error('Filename too long') d = bytes([nl]) + name.encode("latin-1") + b'\0' tp, cr = finfo.Type, finfo.Creator if isinstance(tp, str): tp = tp.encode("latin-1") if isinstance(cr, str): cr = cr.encode("latin-1") d2 = tp + cr # Force all structs to be packed with big-endian d3 = struct.pack('>h', finfo.Flags) d4 = struct.pack('>ii', self.dlen, self.rlen) info = d + d2 + d3 + d4 self._write(info) self._writecrc() def _write(self, data): self.crc = binascii.crc_hqx(data, self.crc) self.ofp.write(data) def _writecrc(self): # XXXX Should this be here?? # self.crc = binascii.crc_hqx('\0\0', self.crc) if self.crc < 0: fmt = '>h' else: fmt = '>H' self.ofp.write(struct.pack(fmt, self.crc)) self.crc = 0 def write(self, data): if self.state != _DID_HEADER: raise Error('Writing data at the wrong time') self.dlen = self.dlen - len(data) self._write(data) def close_data(self): if self.dlen != 0: raise Error('Incorrect data size, diff=%r' % (self.rlen,)) self._writecrc() self.state = _DID_DATA def write_rsrc(self, data): if self.state < _DID_DATA: self.close_data() if self.state != _DID_DATA: raise Error('Writing resource data at the wrong time') self.rlen = self.rlen - len(data) self._write(data) def close(self): if self.state is None: return try: if self.state < _DID_DATA: self.close_data() if self.state != _DID_DATA: raise Error('Close at the wrong time') if self.rlen != 0: raise Error("Incorrect resource-datasize, diff=%r" % (self.rlen,)) self._writecrc() finally: self.state = None ofp = self.ofp del self.ofp ofp.close() def binhex(inp, out): """binhex(infilename, outfilename): create binhex-encoded copy of a file""" finfo = getfileinfo(inp) ofp = BinHex(finfo, out) with io.open(inp, 'rb') as ifp: # XXXX Do textfile translation on non-mac systems while True: d = ifp.read(128000) if not d: break ofp.write(d) ofp.close_data() ifp = openrsrc(inp, 'rb') while True: d = ifp.read(128000) if not d: break ofp.write_rsrc(d) ofp.close() ifp.close() class _Hqxdecoderengine: """Read data via the decoder in 4-byte chunks""" def __init__(self, ifp): self.ifp = ifp self.eof = 0 def read(self, totalwtd): """Read at least wtd bytes (or until EOF)""" decdata = b'' wtd = totalwtd # # The loop here is convoluted, since we don't really now how # much to decode: there may be newlines in the incoming data. while wtd > 0: if self.eof: return decdata wtd = ((wtd + 2) // 3) * 4 data = self.ifp.read(wtd) # # Next problem: there may not be a complete number of # bytes in what we pass to a2b. Solve by yet another # loop. # while True: try: decdatacur, self.eof = binascii.a2b_hqx(data) break except binascii.Incomplete: pass newdata = self.ifp.read(1) if not newdata: raise Error('Premature EOF on binhex file') data = data + newdata decdata = decdata + decdatacur wtd = totalwtd - len(decdata) if not decdata and not self.eof: raise Error('Premature EOF on binhex file') return decdata def close(self): self.ifp.close() class _Rledecoderengine: """Read data via the RLE-coder""" def __init__(self, ifp): self.ifp = ifp self.pre_buffer = b'' self.post_buffer = b'' self.eof = 0 def read(self, wtd): if wtd > len(self.post_buffer): self._fill(wtd - len(self.post_buffer)) rv = self.post_buffer[:wtd] self.post_buffer = self.post_buffer[wtd:] return rv def _fill(self, wtd): self.pre_buffer = self.pre_buffer + self.ifp.read(wtd + 4) if self.ifp.eof: self.post_buffer = self.post_buffer + \ binascii.rledecode_hqx(self.pre_buffer) self.pre_buffer = b'' return # # Obfuscated code ahead. We have to take care that we don't # end up with an orphaned RUNCHAR later on. So, we keep a couple # of bytes in the buffer, depending on what the end of # the buffer looks like: # '\220\0\220' - Keep 3 bytes: repeated \220 (escaped as \220\0) # '?\220' - Keep 2 bytes: repeated something-else # '\220\0' - Escaped \220: Keep 2 bytes. # '?\220?' - Complete repeat sequence: decode all # otherwise: keep 1 byte. # mark = len(self.pre_buffer) if self.pre_buffer[-3:] == RUNCHAR + b'\0' + RUNCHAR: mark = mark - 3 elif self.pre_buffer[-1:] == RUNCHAR: mark = mark - 2 elif self.pre_buffer[-2:] == RUNCHAR + b'\0': mark = mark - 2 elif self.pre_buffer[-2:-1] == RUNCHAR: pass # Decode all else: mark = mark - 1 self.post_buffer = self.post_buffer + \ binascii.rledecode_hqx(self.pre_buffer[:mark]) self.pre_buffer = self.pre_buffer[mark:] def close(self): self.ifp.close() class HexBin: def __init__(self, ifp): if isinstance(ifp, str): ifp = io.open(ifp, 'rb') # # Find initial colon. # while True: ch = ifp.read(1) if not ch: raise Error("No binhex data found") # Cater for \r\n terminated lines (which show up as \n\r, hence # all lines start with \r) if ch == b'\r': continue if ch == b':': break hqxifp = _Hqxdecoderengine(ifp) self.ifp = _Rledecoderengine(hqxifp) self.crc = 0 self._readheader() def _read(self, len): data = self.ifp.read(len) self.crc = binascii.crc_hqx(data, self.crc) return data def _checkcrc(self): filecrc = struct.unpack('>h', self.ifp.read(2))[0] & 0xffff #self.crc = binascii.crc_hqx('\0\0', self.crc) # XXXX Is this needed?? self.crc = self.crc & 0xffff if filecrc != self.crc: raise Error('CRC error, computed %x, read %x' % (self.crc, filecrc)) self.crc = 0 def _readheader(self): len = self._read(1) fname = self._read(ord(len)) rest = self._read(1 + 4 + 4 + 2 + 4 + 4) self._checkcrc() type = rest[1:5] creator = rest[5:9] flags = struct.unpack('>h', rest[9:11])[0] self.dlen = struct.unpack('>l', rest[11:15])[0] self.rlen = struct.unpack('>l', rest[15:19])[0] self.FName = fname self.FInfo = FInfo() self.FInfo.Creator = creator self.FInfo.Type = type self.FInfo.Flags = flags self.state = _DID_HEADER def read(self, *n): if self.state != _DID_HEADER: raise Error('Read data at wrong time') if n: n = n[0] n = min(n, self.dlen) else: n = self.dlen rv = b'' while len(rv) < n: rv = rv + self._read(n-len(rv)) self.dlen = self.dlen - n return rv def close_data(self): if self.state != _DID_HEADER: raise Error('close_data at wrong time') if self.dlen: dummy = self._read(self.dlen) self._checkcrc() self.state = _DID_DATA def read_rsrc(self, *n): if self.state == _DID_HEADER: self.close_data() if self.state != _DID_DATA: raise Error('Read resource data at wrong time') if n: n = n[0] n = min(n, self.rlen) else: n = self.rlen self.rlen = self.rlen - n return self._read(n) def close(self): if self.state is None: return try: if self.rlen: dummy = self.read_rsrc(self.rlen) self._checkcrc() finally: self.state = None self.ifp.close() def hexbin(inp, out): """hexbin(infilename, outfilename) - Decode binhexed file""" ifp = HexBin(inp) finfo = ifp.FInfo if not out: out = ifp.FName with io.open(out, 'wb') as ofp: # XXXX Do translation on non-mac systems while True: d = ifp.read(128000) if not d: break ofp.write(d) ifp.close_data() d = ifp.read_rsrc(128000) if d: ofp = openrsrc(out, 'wb') ofp.write(d) while True: d = ifp.read_rsrc(128000) if not d: break ofp.write(d) ofp.close() ifp.close()

RE-INVENTING THE TELEVISION NEWS BUSINESS*

A revolution in video storytelling

Creating entirely new & cost-effective production methods

From the world leaders in video production training and the creators of Character Driven Storytelling™

*and every other business that uses video

WHAT WE DO

Over the past 35 years, we have designed, built or restructured some of the most powerful news and journalism companies in the world.

We replace the traditional TV news ‘crew’ with one highly trained journalist, working alone with nothing but an iPhone.

No more TV news ‘crews’, no editors and no field producers.

This is television news done the way newspaper journalism is done – one reporter with their electronic pad and pencil.

In doing this, we can cut the cost of production by as much as 75% while increasing ratings and audience engagement.

In the place of conventional TV news ‘packages’ – ie, reporter stand up, interview, b-roll, man on the street, we marry great journalism with Netflix and Hollywood storytelling.

It’s a combination that works.

We have taken most of our clients to #1 in their respective markets.

And it’s not just for news. Any company, any profit, any NGO and anyone else who is online needs to tell their story in compelling yet cost-effective video. We can teach you to do that. Either in person or virtually.

EXAMPLES OF WHAT WE CAN TEACH YOUR STAFF TO PRODUCE

ITAY HOD

Itay Hod, MMJ with KPIX/CBS in San Francisco, took the 5-Day Intensive Video Storytelling Bootcamp in 2018.

Because he works alone, with only an iPhone, he was able to embed himself with a homeless family.

Here’s the story he produced in a one-day turn.

KIET DO

Kiet Do, an MMJ with KPIX/CBS in San Francisco, took the 5-Day Intensive Video Storytelling Bootcamp in 2021.

Here is a story he produced, all on his own, with only an iPhone and in a one-day turn.

TAYLOR SCHAUB

Taylor Schaub, an MMJ with Spectrum News 1 in LA, took the 5-Day Intensive Video Storytelling Bootcamp in 2023.

Here is a story he turned in only one day, using only an iPhone. It was the first video story he ever did and it was nominated for an Emmy.

THE BOOTCAMP

How do we convert stations and whole networks to working in this way?

Since 1988, we have run intensive 5-Day Video Storytelling Bootcamps

We have done these all over the world.

These are hands-on bootcamps, and participants learn an entirely new way of creating TV news stories.

-We shoot at a 3:1 ratio or lower, so turnaround times are fast.

-We go directly from camera to timelilne and edit – no written scripts. We work in the medium of pictures and sound.

-We are entirely character-driven.

-We are driven by pictures and real events.

-We are focused almost entirely on ’the viewer experience’.

Since 1988, more than 70,000 journalists around the world have taken our bootcamps, either in person on virtualy.

Case Studies

CBS News

We have started to work with CBS News, bringing our ideas of character-driven storytelling to one of the most successful and biggest networks in the United States. Since beginning to work with them ratings have climbed and more importantly, audience engagement is through the ceiling.

Learn More

New York Times Television

We started New York Times Television in 1990 and it was the first paper to be brought into the world of TV. It quickly became one of the most successful non-fiction production companies in the United States. The series and documentaries we produced won many awards including multiple Emmys.

Learn More

The BBC

We have been working with the BBC since the year 2000 helping to convert their national news network to our visual storytelling technique. Most recently we have trained teams from their sports, documentaries, and comedy divisions to make character-driven stories using only smartphones.

Learn More

Spectrum News

For the past five years we have worked with Spectrum News to introduce and train their journalists on visual, character driven storytelling using smartphones helping to create a different kind of local news for their network of 24-Hour News Stations across the United States.

Learn More

The United Nations

In 2006, we were approached by the United Nations. Rather than rely on news outlets, it would be much easier to train the field operatives to produce their own stories. We spent two years working with the UN, training more than 100 of their staff in bootcamps in Geneva and Nairobi.

Learn More

The Newark Star-Ledger

We trained 50 print reporters at the paper to shoot and tell their own stories, in conjunction with their print work. We built a TV newsroom in their existing print newsroom – you could not ask for a better set and they began to live stream their stories in conjunction with their print work.

Learn More

Mcgraw Hill

We spent two years with McGraw Hill, training more than 150 of their staffers, making them completely video literate. McGraw/Hill media properties we transit included Business Week, Aviation Week, (what was the name of the architecture magazine), and JD Power and Associates.

Learn More

Voice of America

In 1990, we were approached by The Voice of America, the official broadcasting agency for the United States Government. When we met with VOA, they were only a short wave radio broadcaster, but working with them, we took them into television, launching VOA-TV.

Learn More

Oyster Yachts

British based Oyster Yachts makes some of the finest yachts in the world. Like every other company, they had to find a way to feed the never-ending video demands of social media – sites like Instagram and TikTok. We trained the Oyster staff to tell their own stories, using only iPhones.

Learn More

Scottish Environmental Protection Agency

We were approached by SEPA, the Scottish Environmental Protection Agency because they had to continually find a way to ‘feed the media beast’. The result was that SEPA was able to tell their own stories, whenever they wanted, and at almost no additional cost.

Learn More

Michael on Media

Michael Rosenblum has been writing about the media since 1988. His work and ideas have appeared in The Guardian, The Huffington Post, Ilkeston Life and many other publications.

He has been blogging regularly for the past 35 years on this subject. Having taught media studies at Columbia University, NYU and now the University of Oxford, he is considered an expert on this subject.

Continue reading this post or look back at previous posts.

Do You Have Questions About Learning Video Skills?

If you would like to know more about our courses contact us and one of our training advisors will be happy to call you.

Your IP : 216.73.216.103

RE-INVENTING THE TELEVISION NEWS BUSINESS*

A revolution in video storytelling

Creating entirely new & cost-effective production methods

From the world leaders in video production training and the creators of Character Driven Storytelling™

*and every other business that uses video

WHAT WE DO

Over the past 35 years, we have designed, built or restructured some of the most powerful news and journalism companies in the world.

We replace the traditional TV news ‘crew’ with one highly trained journalist, working alone with nothing but an iPhone.

No more TV news ‘crews’, no editors and no field producers.

This is television news done the way newspaper journalism is done – one reporter with their electronic pad and pencil.

In doing this, we can cut the cost of production by as much as 75% while increasing ratings and audience engagement.

In the place of conventional TV news ‘packages’ – ie, reporter stand up, interview, b-roll, man on the street, we marry great journalism with Netflix and Hollywood storytelling.

It’s a combination that works.

We have taken most of our clients to #1 in their respective markets.

And it’s not just for news. Any company, any profit, any NGO and anyone else who is online needs to tell their story in compelling yet cost-effective video. We can teach you to do that. Either in person or virtually.

EXAMPLES OF WHAT WE CAN TEACH YOUR STAFF TO PRODUCE

ITAY HOD

Itay Hod, MMJ with KPIX/CBS in San Francisco, took the 5-Day Intensive Video Storytelling Bootcamp in 2018.

Because he works alone, with only an iPhone, he was able to embed himself with a homeless family.

Here’s the story he produced in a one-day turn.

KIET DO

Kiet Do, an MMJ with KPIX/CBS in San Francisco, took the 5-Day Intensive Video Storytelling Bootcamp in 2021.

Here is a story he produced, all on his own, with only an iPhone and in a one-day turn.

TAYLOR SCHAUB

Taylor Schaub, an MMJ with Spectrum News 1 in LA, took the 5-Day Intensive Video Storytelling Bootcamp in 2023.

Here is a story he turned in only one day, using only an iPhone. It was the first video story he ever did and it was nominated for an Emmy.

THE BOOTCAMP

How do we convert stations and whole networks to working in this way?

Since 1988, we have run intensive 5-Day Video Storytelling Bootcamps

We have done these all over the world.

These are hands-on bootcamps, and participants learn an entirely new way of creating TV news stories.

-We shoot at a 3:1 ratio or lower, so turnaround times are fast.

-We go directly from camera to timelilne and edit – no written scripts. We work in the medium of pictures and sound.

-We are entirely character-driven.

-We are driven by pictures and real events.

-We are focused almost entirely on ’the viewer experience’.

Since 1988, more than 70,000 journalists around the world have taken our bootcamps, either in person on virtualy.

Case Studies

CBS News

New York Times Television

The BBC

Spectrum News

The United Nations

The Newark Star-Ledger

Mcgraw Hill

Voice of America

Oyster Yachts

Scottish Environmental Protection Agency

Michael on Media