"""Utilities shared by tests.""" import collections import contextlib import io import logging import os import re import socket import socketserver import sys import tempfile import threading import time import unittest from unittest import mock from http.server import HTTPServer from wsgiref.simple_server import WSGIRequestHandler, WSGIServer try: import ssl except ImportError: # pragma: no cover ssl = None from . import base_events from . import compat from . import events from . import futures from . import selectors from . import tasks from .coroutines import coroutine from .log import logger if sys.platform == 'win32': # pragma: no cover from .windows_utils import socketpair else: from socket import socketpair # pragma: no cover def dummy_ssl_context(): if ssl is None: return None else: return ssl.SSLContext(ssl.PROTOCOL_SSLv23) def run_briefly(loop): @coroutine def once(): pass gen = once() t = loop.create_task(gen) # Don't log a warning if the task is not done after run_until_complete(). # It occurs if the loop is stopped or if a task raises a BaseException. t._log_destroy_pending = False try: loop.run_until_complete(t) finally: gen.close() def run_until(loop, pred, timeout=30): deadline = time.time() + timeout while not pred(): if timeout is not None: timeout = deadline - time.time() if timeout <= 0: raise futures.TimeoutError() loop.run_until_complete(tasks.sleep(0.001, loop=loop)) def run_once(loop): """Legacy API to run once through the event loop. This is the recommended pattern for test code. It will poll the selector once and run all callbacks scheduled in response to I/O events. """ loop.call_soon(loop.stop) loop.run_forever() class SilentWSGIRequestHandler(WSGIRequestHandler): def get_stderr(self): return io.StringIO() def log_message(self, format, *args): pass class SilentWSGIServer(WSGIServer): request_timeout = 2 def get_request(self): request, client_addr = super().get_request() request.settimeout(self.request_timeout) return request, client_addr def handle_error(self, request, client_address): pass class SSLWSGIServerMixin: def finish_request(self, request, client_address): # The relative location of our test directory (which # contains the ssl key and certificate files) differs # between the stdlib and stand-alone asyncio. # Prefer our own if we can find it. here = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), '..', 'tests') if not os.path.isdir(here): here = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(os.__file__), 'test', 'test_asyncio') keyfile = os.path.join(here, 'ssl_key.pem') certfile = os.path.join(here, 'ssl_cert.pem') ssock = ssl.wrap_socket(request, keyfile=keyfile, certfile=certfile, server_side=True) try: self.RequestHandlerClass(ssock, client_address, self) ssock.close() except OSError: # maybe socket has been closed by peer pass class SSLWSGIServer(SSLWSGIServerMixin, SilentWSGIServer): pass def _run_test_server(*, address, use_ssl=False, server_cls, server_ssl_cls): def app(environ, start_response): status = '200 OK' headers = [('Content-type', 'text/plain')] start_response(status, headers) return [b'Test message'] # Run the test WSGI server in a separate thread in order not to # interfere with event handling in the main thread server_class = server_ssl_cls if use_ssl else server_cls httpd = server_class(address, SilentWSGIRequestHandler) httpd.set_app(app) httpd.address = httpd.server_address server_thread = threading.Thread( target=lambda: httpd.serve_forever(poll_interval=0.05)) server_thread.start() try: yield httpd finally: httpd.shutdown() httpd.server_close() server_thread.join() if hasattr(socket, 'AF_UNIX'): class UnixHTTPServer(socketserver.UnixStreamServer, HTTPServer): def server_bind(self): socketserver.UnixStreamServer.server_bind(self) self.server_name = '127.0.0.1' self.server_port = 80 class UnixWSGIServer(UnixHTTPServer, WSGIServer): request_timeout = 2 def server_bind(self): UnixHTTPServer.server_bind(self) self.setup_environ() def get_request(self): request, client_addr = super().get_request() request.settimeout(self.request_timeout) # Code in the stdlib expects that get_request # will return a socket and a tuple (host, port). # However, this isn't true for UNIX sockets, # as the second return value will be a path; # hence we return some fake data sufficient # to get the tests going return request, ('127.0.0.1', '') class SilentUnixWSGIServer(UnixWSGIServer): def handle_error(self, request, client_address): pass class UnixSSLWSGIServer(SSLWSGIServerMixin, SilentUnixWSGIServer): pass def gen_unix_socket_path(): with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile() as file: return file.name @contextlib.contextmanager def unix_socket_path(): path = gen_unix_socket_path() try: yield path finally: try: os.unlink(path) except OSError: pass @contextlib.contextmanager def run_test_unix_server(*, use_ssl=False): with unix_socket_path() as path: yield from _run_test_server(address=path, use_ssl=use_ssl, server_cls=SilentUnixWSGIServer, server_ssl_cls=UnixSSLWSGIServer) @contextlib.contextmanager def run_test_server(*, host='127.0.0.1', port=0, use_ssl=False): yield from _run_test_server(address=(host, port), use_ssl=use_ssl, server_cls=SilentWSGIServer, server_ssl_cls=SSLWSGIServer) def make_test_protocol(base): dct = {} for name in dir(base): if name.startswith('__') and name.endswith('__'): # skip magic names continue dct[name] = MockCallback(return_value=None) return type('TestProtocol', (base,) + base.__bases__, dct)() class TestSelector(selectors.BaseSelector): def __init__(self): self.keys = {} def register(self, fileobj, events, data=None): key = selectors.SelectorKey(fileobj, 0, events, data) self.keys[fileobj] = key return key def unregister(self, fileobj): return self.keys.pop(fileobj) def select(self, timeout): return [] def get_map(self): return self.keys class TestLoop(base_events.BaseEventLoop): """Loop for unittests. It manages self time directly. If something scheduled to be executed later then on next loop iteration after all ready handlers done generator passed to __init__ is calling. Generator should be like this: def gen(): ... when = yield ... ... = yield time_advance Value returned by yield is absolute time of next scheduled handler. Value passed to yield is time advance to move loop's time forward. """ def __init__(self, gen=None): super().__init__() if gen is None: def gen(): yield self._check_on_close = False else: self._check_on_close = True self._gen = gen() next(self._gen) self._time = 0 self._clock_resolution = 1e-9 self._timers = [] self._selector = TestSelector() self.readers = {} self.writers = {} self.reset_counters() def time(self): return self._time def advance_time(self, advance): """Move test time forward.""" if advance: self._time += advance def close(self): super().close() if self._check_on_close: try: self._gen.send(0) except StopIteration: pass else: # pragma: no cover raise AssertionError("Time generator is not finished") def add_reader(self, fd, callback, *args): self.readers[fd] = events.Handle(callback, args, self) def remove_reader(self, fd): self.remove_reader_count[fd] += 1 if fd in self.readers: del self.readers[fd] return True else: return False def assert_reader(self, fd, callback, *args): assert fd in self.readers, 'fd {} is not registered'.format(fd) handle = self.readers[fd] assert handle._callback == callback, '{!r} != {!r}'.format( handle._callback, callback) assert handle._args == args, '{!r} != {!r}'.format( handle._args, args) def add_writer(self, fd, callback, *args): self.writers[fd] = events.Handle(callback, args, self) def remove_writer(self, fd): self.remove_writer_count[fd] += 1 if fd in self.writers: del self.writers[fd] return True else: return False def assert_writer(self, fd, callback, *args): assert fd in self.writers, 'fd {} is not registered'.format(fd) handle = self.writers[fd] assert handle._callback == callback, '{!r} != {!r}'.format( handle._callback, callback) assert handle._args == args, '{!r} != {!r}'.format( handle._args, args) def reset_counters(self): self.remove_reader_count = collections.defaultdict(int) self.remove_writer_count = collections.defaultdict(int) def _run_once(self): super()._run_once() for when in self._timers: advance = self._gen.send(when) self.advance_time(advance) self._timers = [] def call_at(self, when, callback, *args): self._timers.append(when) return super().call_at(when, callback, *args) def _process_events(self, event_list): return def _write_to_self(self): pass def MockCallback(**kwargs): return mock.Mock(spec=['__call__'], **kwargs) class MockPattern(str): """A regex based str with a fuzzy __eq__. Use this helper with 'mock.assert_called_with', or anywhere where a regex comparison between strings is needed. For instance: mock_call.assert_called_with(MockPattern('spam.*ham')) """ def __eq__(self, other): return bool(re.search(str(self), other, re.S)) def get_function_source(func): source = events._get_function_source(func) if source is None: raise ValueError("unable to get the source of %r" % (func,)) return source class TestCase(unittest.TestCase): def set_event_loop(self, loop, *, cleanup=True): assert loop is not None # ensure that the event loop is passed explicitly in asyncio events.set_event_loop(None) if cleanup: self.addCleanup(loop.close) def new_test_loop(self, gen=None): loop = TestLoop(gen) self.set_event_loop(loop) return loop def tearDown(self): events.set_event_loop(None) # Detect CPython bug #23353: ensure that yield/yield-from is not used # in an except block of a generator self.assertEqual(sys.exc_info(), (None, None, None)) if not compat.PY34: # Python 3.3 compatibility def subTest(self, *args, **kwargs): class EmptyCM: def __enter__(self): pass def __exit__(self, *exc): pass return EmptyCM() @contextlib.contextmanager def disable_logger(): """Context manager to disable asyncio logger. For example, it can be used to ignore warnings in debug mode. """ old_level = logger.level try: logger.setLevel(logging.CRITICAL+1) yield finally: logger.setLevel(old_level) def mock_nonblocking_socket(): """Create a mock of a non-blocking socket.""" sock = mock.Mock(socket.socket) sock.gettimeout.return_value = 0.0 return sock def force_legacy_ssl_support(): return mock.patch('asyncio.sslproto._is_sslproto_available', return_value=False)

RE-INVENTING THE TELEVISION NEWS BUSINESS*

A revolution in video storytelling

Creating entirely new & cost-effective production methods

From the world leaders in video production training and the creators of Character Driven Storytelling™

*and every other business that uses video

WHAT WE DO

Over the past 35 years, we have designed, built or restructured some of the most powerful news and journalism companies in the world.

We replace the traditional TV news ‘crew’ with one highly trained journalist, working alone with nothing but an iPhone.

No more TV news ‘crews’, no editors and no field producers.

This is television news done the way newspaper journalism is done – one reporter with their electronic pad and pencil.

In doing this, we can cut the cost of production by as much as 75% while increasing ratings and audience engagement.

In the place of conventional TV news ‘packages’ – ie, reporter stand up, interview, b-roll, man on the street, we marry great journalism with Netflix and Hollywood storytelling.

It’s a combination that works.

We have taken most of our clients to #1 in their respective markets.

And it’s not just for news. Any company, any profit, any NGO and anyone else who is online needs to tell their story in compelling yet cost-effective video. We can teach you to do that. Either in person or virtually.

EXAMPLES OF WHAT WE CAN TEACH YOUR STAFF TO PRODUCE

ITAY HOD

Itay Hod, MMJ with KPIX/CBS in San Francisco, took the 5-Day Intensive Video Storytelling Bootcamp in 2018.

Because he works alone, with only an iPhone, he was able to embed himself with a homeless family.

Here’s the story he produced in a one-day turn.

KIET DO

Kiet Do, an MMJ with KPIX/CBS in San Francisco, took the 5-Day Intensive Video Storytelling Bootcamp in 2021.

Here is a story he produced, all on his own, with only an iPhone and in a one-day turn.

TAYLOR SCHAUB

Taylor Schaub, an MMJ with Spectrum News 1 in LA, took the 5-Day Intensive Video Storytelling Bootcamp in 2023.

Here is a story he turned in only one day, using only an iPhone. It was the first video story he ever did and it was nominated for an Emmy.

THE BOOTCAMP

How do we convert stations and whole networks to working in this way?

Since 1988, we have run intensive 5-Day Video Storytelling Bootcamps

We have done these all over the world.

These are hands-on bootcamps, and participants learn an entirely new way of creating TV news stories.

-We shoot at a 3:1 ratio or lower, so turnaround times are fast.

-We go directly from camera to timelilne and edit – no written scripts. We work in the medium of pictures and sound.

-We are entirely character-driven.

-We are driven by pictures and real events.

-We are focused almost entirely on ’the viewer experience’.

Since 1988, more than 70,000 journalists around the world have taken our bootcamps, either in person on virtualy.

Case Studies

CBS News

We have started to work with CBS News, bringing our ideas of character-driven storytelling to one of the most successful and biggest networks in the United States. Since beginning to work with them ratings have climbed and more importantly, audience engagement is through the ceiling.

Learn More

New York Times Television

We started New York Times Television in 1990 and it was the first paper to be brought into the world of TV. It quickly became one of the most successful non-fiction production companies in the United States. The series and documentaries we produced won many awards including multiple Emmys.

Learn More

The BBC

We have been working with the BBC since the year 2000 helping to convert their national news network to our visual storytelling technique. Most recently we have trained teams from their sports, documentaries, and comedy divisions to make character-driven stories using only smartphones.

Learn More

Spectrum News

For the past five years we have worked with Spectrum News to introduce and train their journalists on visual, character driven storytelling using smartphones helping to create a different kind of local news for their network of 24-Hour News Stations across the United States.

Learn More

The United Nations

In 2006, we were approached by the United Nations. Rather than rely on news outlets, it would be much easier to train the field operatives to produce their own stories. We spent two years working with the UN, training more than 100 of their staff in bootcamps in Geneva and Nairobi.

Learn More

The Newark Star-Ledger

We trained 50 print reporters at the paper to shoot and tell their own stories, in conjunction with their print work. We built a TV newsroom in their existing print newsroom – you could not ask for a better set and they began to live stream their stories in conjunction with their print work.

Learn More

Mcgraw Hill

We spent two years with McGraw Hill, training more than 150 of their staffers, making them completely video literate. McGraw/Hill media properties we transit included Business Week, Aviation Week, (what was the name of the architecture magazine), and JD Power and Associates.

Learn More

Voice of America

In 1990, we were approached by The Voice of America, the official broadcasting agency for the United States Government. When we met with VOA, they were only a short wave radio broadcaster, but working with them, we took them into television, launching VOA-TV.

Learn More

Oyster Yachts

British based Oyster Yachts makes some of the finest yachts in the world. Like every other company, they had to find a way to feed the never-ending video demands of social media – sites like Instagram and TikTok. We trained the Oyster staff to tell their own stories, using only iPhones.

Learn More

Scottish Environmental Protection Agency

We were approached by SEPA, the Scottish Environmental Protection Agency because they had to continually find a way to ‘feed the media beast’. The result was that SEPA was able to tell their own stories, whenever they wanted, and at almost no additional cost.

Learn More

Michael on Media

Michael Rosenblum has been writing about the media since 1988. His work and ideas have appeared in The Guardian, The Huffington Post, Ilkeston Life and many other publications.

He has been blogging regularly for the past 35 years on this subject. Having taught media studies at Columbia University, NYU and now the University of Oxford, he is considered an expert on this subject.

Continue reading this post or look back at previous posts.

Do You Have Questions About Learning Video Skills?

If you would like to know more about our courses contact us and one of our training advisors will be happy to call you.

Your IP : 216.73.216.134

RE-INVENTING THE TELEVISION NEWS BUSINESS*

A revolution in video storytelling

Creating entirely new & cost-effective production methods

From the world leaders in video production training and the creators of Character Driven Storytelling™

*and every other business that uses video

WHAT WE DO

Over the past 35 years, we have designed, built or restructured some of the most powerful news and journalism companies in the world.

We replace the traditional TV news ‘crew’ with one highly trained journalist, working alone with nothing but an iPhone.

No more TV news ‘crews’, no editors and no field producers.

This is television news done the way newspaper journalism is done – one reporter with their electronic pad and pencil.

In doing this, we can cut the cost of production by as much as 75% while increasing ratings and audience engagement.

In the place of conventional TV news ‘packages’ – ie, reporter stand up, interview, b-roll, man on the street, we marry great journalism with Netflix and Hollywood storytelling.

It’s a combination that works.

We have taken most of our clients to #1 in their respective markets.

And it’s not just for news. Any company, any profit, any NGO and anyone else who is online needs to tell their story in compelling yet cost-effective video. We can teach you to do that. Either in person or virtually.

EXAMPLES OF WHAT WE CAN TEACH YOUR STAFF TO PRODUCE

ITAY HOD

Itay Hod, MMJ with KPIX/CBS in San Francisco, took the 5-Day Intensive Video Storytelling Bootcamp in 2018.

Because he works alone, with only an iPhone, he was able to embed himself with a homeless family.

Here’s the story he produced in a one-day turn.

KIET DO

Kiet Do, an MMJ with KPIX/CBS in San Francisco, took the 5-Day Intensive Video Storytelling Bootcamp in 2021.

Here is a story he produced, all on his own, with only an iPhone and in a one-day turn.

TAYLOR SCHAUB

Taylor Schaub, an MMJ with Spectrum News 1 in LA, took the 5-Day Intensive Video Storytelling Bootcamp in 2023.

Here is a story he turned in only one day, using only an iPhone. It was the first video story he ever did and it was nominated for an Emmy.

THE BOOTCAMP

How do we convert stations and whole networks to working in this way?

Since 1988, we have run intensive 5-Day Video Storytelling Bootcamps

We have done these all over the world.

These are hands-on bootcamps, and participants learn an entirely new way of creating TV news stories.

-We shoot at a 3:1 ratio or lower, so turnaround times are fast.

-We go directly from camera to timelilne and edit – no written scripts. We work in the medium of pictures and sound.

-We are entirely character-driven.

-We are driven by pictures and real events.

-We are focused almost entirely on ’the viewer experience’.

Since 1988, more than 70,000 journalists around the world have taken our bootcamps, either in person on virtualy.

Case Studies

CBS News

New York Times Television

The BBC

Spectrum News

The United Nations

The Newark Star-Ledger

Mcgraw Hill

Voice of America

Oyster Yachts

Scottish Environmental Protection Agency

Michael on Media