# Copyright 2007 Google, Inc. All Rights Reserved. # Licensed to PSF under a Contributor Agreement. """Abstract Base Classes (ABCs) according to PEP 3119.""" from _weakrefset import WeakSet def abstractmethod(funcobj): """A decorator indicating abstract methods. Requires that the metaclass is ABCMeta or derived from it. A class that has a metaclass derived from ABCMeta cannot be instantiated unless all of its abstract methods are overridden. The abstract methods can be called using any of the normal 'super' call mechanisms. Usage: class C(metaclass=ABCMeta): @abstractmethod def my_abstract_method(self, ...): ... """ funcobj.__isabstractmethod__ = True return funcobj class abstractclassmethod(classmethod): """ A decorator indicating abstract classmethods. Similar to abstractmethod. Usage: class C(metaclass=ABCMeta): @abstractclassmethod def my_abstract_classmethod(cls, ...): ... 'abstractclassmethod' is deprecated. Use 'classmethod' with 'abstractmethod' instead. """ __isabstractmethod__ = True def __init__(self, callable): callable.__isabstractmethod__ = True super().__init__(callable) class abstractstaticmethod(staticmethod): """ A decorator indicating abstract staticmethods. Similar to abstractmethod. Usage: class C(metaclass=ABCMeta): @abstractstaticmethod def my_abstract_staticmethod(...): ... 'abstractstaticmethod' is deprecated. Use 'staticmethod' with 'abstractmethod' instead. """ __isabstractmethod__ = True def __init__(self, callable): callable.__isabstractmethod__ = True super().__init__(callable) class abstractproperty(property): """ A decorator indicating abstract properties. Requires that the metaclass is ABCMeta or derived from it. A class that has a metaclass derived from ABCMeta cannot be instantiated unless all of its abstract properties are overridden. The abstract properties can be called using any of the normal 'super' call mechanisms. Usage: class C(metaclass=ABCMeta): @abstractproperty def my_abstract_property(self): ... This defines a read-only property; you can also define a read-write abstract property using the 'long' form of property declaration: class C(metaclass=ABCMeta): def getx(self): ... def setx(self, value): ... x = abstractproperty(getx, setx) 'abstractproperty' is deprecated. Use 'property' with 'abstractmethod' instead. """ __isabstractmethod__ = True class ABCMeta(type): """Metaclass for defining Abstract Base Classes (ABCs). Use this metaclass to create an ABC. An ABC can be subclassed directly, and then acts as a mix-in class. You can also register unrelated concrete classes (even built-in classes) and unrelated ABCs as 'virtual subclasses' -- these and their descendants will be considered subclasses of the registering ABC by the built-in issubclass() function, but the registering ABC won't show up in their MRO (Method Resolution Order) nor will method implementations defined by the registering ABC be callable (not even via super()). """ # A global counter that is incremented each time a class is # registered as a virtual subclass of anything. It forces the # negative cache to be cleared before its next use. # Note: this counter is private. Use `abc.get_cache_token()` for # external code. _abc_invalidation_counter = 0 def __new__(mcls, name, bases, namespace): cls = super().__new__(mcls, name, bases, namespace) # Compute set of abstract method names abstracts = {name for name, value in namespace.items() if getattr(value, "__isabstractmethod__", False)} for base in bases: for name in getattr(base, "__abstractmethods__", set()): value = getattr(cls, name, None) if getattr(value, "__isabstractmethod__", False): abstracts.add(name) cls.__abstractmethods__ = frozenset(abstracts) # Set up inheritance registry cls._abc_registry = WeakSet() cls._abc_cache = WeakSet() cls._abc_negative_cache = WeakSet() cls._abc_negative_cache_version = ABCMeta._abc_invalidation_counter return cls def register(cls, subclass): """Register a virtual subclass of an ABC. Returns the subclass, to allow usage as a class decorator. """ if not isinstance(subclass, type): raise TypeError("Can only register classes") if issubclass(subclass, cls): return subclass # Already a subclass # Subtle: test for cycles *after* testing for "already a subclass"; # this means we allow X.register(X) and interpret it as a no-op. if issubclass(cls, subclass): # This would create a cycle, which is bad for the algorithm below raise RuntimeError("Refusing to create an inheritance cycle") cls._abc_registry.add(subclass) ABCMeta._abc_invalidation_counter += 1 # Invalidate negative cache return subclass def _dump_registry(cls, file=None): """Debug helper to print the ABC registry.""" print("Class: %s.%s" % (cls.__module__, cls.__qualname__), file=file) print("Inv.counter: %s" % ABCMeta._abc_invalidation_counter, file=file) for name in sorted(cls.__dict__.keys()): if name.startswith("_abc_"): value = getattr(cls, name) print("%s: %r" % (name, value), file=file) def __instancecheck__(cls, instance): """Override for isinstance(instance, cls).""" # Inline the cache checking subclass = instance.__class__ if subclass in cls._abc_cache: return True subtype = type(instance) if subtype is subclass: if (cls._abc_negative_cache_version == ABCMeta._abc_invalidation_counter and subclass in cls._abc_negative_cache): return False # Fall back to the subclass check. return cls.__subclasscheck__(subclass) return any(cls.__subclasscheck__(c) for c in {subclass, subtype}) def __subclasscheck__(cls, subclass): """Override for issubclass(subclass, cls).""" # Check cache if subclass in cls._abc_cache: return True # Check negative cache; may have to invalidate if cls._abc_negative_cache_version < ABCMeta._abc_invalidation_counter: # Invalidate the negative cache cls._abc_negative_cache = WeakSet() cls._abc_negative_cache_version = ABCMeta._abc_invalidation_counter elif subclass in cls._abc_negative_cache: return False # Check the subclass hook ok = cls.__subclasshook__(subclass) if ok is not NotImplemented: assert isinstance(ok, bool) if ok: cls._abc_cache.add(subclass) else: cls._abc_negative_cache.add(subclass) return ok # Check if it's a direct subclass if cls in getattr(subclass, '__mro__', ()): cls._abc_cache.add(subclass) return True # Check if it's a subclass of a registered class (recursive) for rcls in cls._abc_registry: if issubclass(subclass, rcls): cls._abc_cache.add(subclass) return True # Check if it's a subclass of a subclass (recursive) for scls in cls.__subclasses__(): if issubclass(subclass, scls): cls._abc_cache.add(subclass) return True # No dice; update negative cache cls._abc_negative_cache.add(subclass) return False class ABC(metaclass=ABCMeta): """Helper class that provides a standard way to create an ABC using inheritance. """ pass def get_cache_token(): """Returns the current ABC cache token. The token is an opaque object (supporting equality testing) identifying the current version of the ABC cache for virtual subclasses. The token changes with every call to ``register()`` on any ABC. """ return ABCMeta._abc_invalidation_counter

RE-INVENTING THE TELEVISION NEWS BUSINESS*

A revolution in video storytelling

Creating entirely new & cost-effective production methods

From the world leaders in video production training and the creators of Character Driven Storytelling™

*and every other business that uses video

WHAT WE DO

Over the past 35 years, we have designed, built or restructured some of the most powerful news and journalism companies in the world.

We replace the traditional TV news ‘crew’ with one highly trained journalist, working alone with nothing but an iPhone.

No more TV news ‘crews’, no editors and no field producers.

This is television news done the way newspaper journalism is done – one reporter with their electronic pad and pencil.

In doing this, we can cut the cost of production by as much as 75% while increasing ratings and audience engagement.

In the place of conventional TV news ‘packages’ – ie, reporter stand up, interview, b-roll, man on the street, we marry great journalism with Netflix and Hollywood storytelling.

It’s a combination that works.

We have taken most of our clients to #1 in their respective markets.

And it’s not just for news. Any company, any profit, any NGO and anyone else who is online needs to tell their story in compelling yet cost-effective video. We can teach you to do that. Either in person or virtually.

EXAMPLES OF WHAT WE CAN TEACH YOUR STAFF TO PRODUCE

ITAY HOD

Itay Hod, MMJ with KPIX/CBS in San Francisco, took the 5-Day Intensive Video Storytelling Bootcamp in 2018.

Because he works alone, with only an iPhone, he was able to embed himself with a homeless family.

Here’s the story he produced in a one-day turn.

KIET DO

Kiet Do, an MMJ with KPIX/CBS in San Francisco, took the 5-Day Intensive Video Storytelling Bootcamp in 2021.

Here is a story he produced, all on his own, with only an iPhone and in a one-day turn.

TAYLOR SCHAUB

Taylor Schaub, an MMJ with Spectrum News 1 in LA, took the 5-Day Intensive Video Storytelling Bootcamp in 2023.

Here is a story he turned in only one day, using only an iPhone. It was the first video story he ever did and it was nominated for an Emmy.

THE BOOTCAMP

How do we convert stations and whole networks to working in this way?

Since 1988, we have run intensive 5-Day Video Storytelling Bootcamps

We have done these all over the world.

These are hands-on bootcamps, and participants learn an entirely new way of creating TV news stories.

-We shoot at a 3:1 ratio or lower, so turnaround times are fast.

-We go directly from camera to timelilne and edit – no written scripts. We work in the medium of pictures and sound.

-We are entirely character-driven.

-We are driven by pictures and real events.

-We are focused almost entirely on ’the viewer experience’.

Since 1988, more than 70,000 journalists around the world have taken our bootcamps, either in person on virtualy.

Case Studies

CBS News

We have started to work with CBS News, bringing our ideas of character-driven storytelling to one of the most successful and biggest networks in the United States. Since beginning to work with them ratings have climbed and more importantly, audience engagement is through the ceiling.

Learn More

New York Times Television

We started New York Times Television in 1990 and it was the first paper to be brought into the world of TV. It quickly became one of the most successful non-fiction production companies in the United States. The series and documentaries we produced won many awards including multiple Emmys.

Learn More

The BBC

We have been working with the BBC since the year 2000 helping to convert their national news network to our visual storytelling technique. Most recently we have trained teams from their sports, documentaries, and comedy divisions to make character-driven stories using only smartphones.

Learn More

Spectrum News

For the past five years we have worked with Spectrum News to introduce and train their journalists on visual, character driven storytelling using smartphones helping to create a different kind of local news for their network of 24-Hour News Stations across the United States.

Learn More

The United Nations

In 2006, we were approached by the United Nations. Rather than rely on news outlets, it would be much easier to train the field operatives to produce their own stories. We spent two years working with the UN, training more than 100 of their staff in bootcamps in Geneva and Nairobi.

Learn More

The Newark Star-Ledger

We trained 50 print reporters at the paper to shoot and tell their own stories, in conjunction with their print work. We built a TV newsroom in their existing print newsroom – you could not ask for a better set and they began to live stream their stories in conjunction with their print work.

Learn More

Mcgraw Hill

We spent two years with McGraw Hill, training more than 150 of their staffers, making them completely video literate. McGraw/Hill media properties we transit included Business Week, Aviation Week, (what was the name of the architecture magazine), and JD Power and Associates.

Learn More

Voice of America

In 1990, we were approached by The Voice of America, the official broadcasting agency for the United States Government. When we met with VOA, they were only a short wave radio broadcaster, but working with them, we took them into television, launching VOA-TV.

Learn More

Oyster Yachts

British based Oyster Yachts makes some of the finest yachts in the world. Like every other company, they had to find a way to feed the never-ending video demands of social media – sites like Instagram and TikTok. We trained the Oyster staff to tell their own stories, using only iPhones.

Learn More

Scottish Environmental Protection Agency

We were approached by SEPA, the Scottish Environmental Protection Agency because they had to continually find a way to ‘feed the media beast’. The result was that SEPA was able to tell their own stories, whenever they wanted, and at almost no additional cost.

Learn More

Michael on Media

Michael Rosenblum has been writing about the media since 1988. His work and ideas have appeared in The Guardian, The Huffington Post, Ilkeston Life and many other publications.

He has been blogging regularly for the past 35 years on this subject. Having taught media studies at Columbia University, NYU and now the University of Oxford, he is considered an expert on this subject.

Continue reading this post or look back at previous posts.

Do You Have Questions About Learning Video Skills?

If you would like to know more about our courses contact us and one of our training advisors will be happy to call you.

Your IP : 216.73.216.103

RE-INVENTING THE TELEVISION NEWS BUSINESS*

A revolution in video storytelling

Creating entirely new & cost-effective production methods

From the world leaders in video production training and the creators of Character Driven Storytelling™

*and every other business that uses video

WHAT WE DO

Over the past 35 years, we have designed, built or restructured some of the most powerful news and journalism companies in the world.

We replace the traditional TV news ‘crew’ with one highly trained journalist, working alone with nothing but an iPhone.

No more TV news ‘crews’, no editors and no field producers.

This is television news done the way newspaper journalism is done – one reporter with their electronic pad and pencil.

In doing this, we can cut the cost of production by as much as 75% while increasing ratings and audience engagement.

In the place of conventional TV news ‘packages’ – ie, reporter stand up, interview, b-roll, man on the street, we marry great journalism with Netflix and Hollywood storytelling.

It’s a combination that works.

We have taken most of our clients to #1 in their respective markets.

And it’s not just for news. Any company, any profit, any NGO and anyone else who is online needs to tell their story in compelling yet cost-effective video. We can teach you to do that. Either in person or virtually.

EXAMPLES OF WHAT WE CAN TEACH YOUR STAFF TO PRODUCE

ITAY HOD

Itay Hod, MMJ with KPIX/CBS in San Francisco, took the 5-Day Intensive Video Storytelling Bootcamp in 2018.

Because he works alone, with only an iPhone, he was able to embed himself with a homeless family.

Here’s the story he produced in a one-day turn.

KIET DO

Kiet Do, an MMJ with KPIX/CBS in San Francisco, took the 5-Day Intensive Video Storytelling Bootcamp in 2021.

Here is a story he produced, all on his own, with only an iPhone and in a one-day turn.

TAYLOR SCHAUB

Taylor Schaub, an MMJ with Spectrum News 1 in LA, took the 5-Day Intensive Video Storytelling Bootcamp in 2023.

Here is a story he turned in only one day, using only an iPhone. It was the first video story he ever did and it was nominated for an Emmy.

THE BOOTCAMP

How do we convert stations and whole networks to working in this way?

Since 1988, we have run intensive 5-Day Video Storytelling Bootcamps

We have done these all over the world.

These are hands-on bootcamps, and participants learn an entirely new way of creating TV news stories.

-We shoot at a 3:1 ratio or lower, so turnaround times are fast.

-We go directly from camera to timelilne and edit – no written scripts. We work in the medium of pictures and sound.

-We are entirely character-driven.

-We are driven by pictures and real events.

-We are focused almost entirely on ’the viewer experience’.

Since 1988, more than 70,000 journalists around the world have taken our bootcamps, either in person on virtualy.

Case Studies

CBS News

New York Times Television

The BBC

Spectrum News

The United Nations

The Newark Star-Ledger

Mcgraw Hill

Voice of America

Oyster Yachts

Scottish Environmental Protection Agency

Michael on Media