Current File : //opt/rh/rh-python35/root/lib64/python3.5/__pycache__/typing.cpython-35.pyc
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TypingMetaa� Metaclass for every type defined below.
This overrides __new__() to require an extra keyword parameter
'_root', which serves as a guard against naive subclassing of the
typing classes. Any legitimate class defined using a metaclass
derived from TypingMeta (including internal subclasses created by
e.g. Union[X, Y]) must pass _root=True.
This also defines a dummy constructor (all the work is done in
__new__) and a nicer repr().
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For example, Union['C'] is internally stored as
Union[_ForwardRef('C')], which should evaluate to _Union[C],
where C is an object found in globalns or localns (searching
localns first, of course).
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_TypeAliasa� Internal helper class for defining generic variants of concrete types.
Note that this is not a type; let's call it a pseudo-type. It can
be used in instance and subclass checks, e.g. isinstance(m, Match)
or issubclass(type(m), Match). However, it cannot be itself the
target of an issubclass() call; e.g. issubclass(Match, C) (for
some arbitrary class C) raises TypeError rather than returning
False.
r@ �type_var� impl_type� type_checkerc O sQ t | � d k rD t | d t � rD t | d t � rD t d � � t j | � S)z�Constructor.
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someone tries to subclass a type alias (not a good idea).
r. r rT z!A type alias cannot be subclassed)�lenrU rV �tupler9 �objectr> )r? rE rF r4 r4 r5 r> � s
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Args:
name: The name, e.g. 'Pattern'.
type_var: The type parameter, e.g. AnyStr, or the
specific type, e.g. str.
impl_type: The implementation type.
type_checker: Function that takes an impl_type instance.
and returns a value that should be a type_var instance.
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rn c C s% | d k o$ t | t � o$ | j � S)N)rU r7 rK )�tr4 r4 r5 rK s rK c C s' t | t � r | j | | � S| Sd S)N)rU r7 rJ )ry rH rI r4 r4 r5 rJ s rJ c C sa | d k r t d � St | t � r1 t | � } t | t t f � s] t | d | f � � | S)av Check that the argument is a type, and return it.
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We append the repr() of the actual value (truncated to 100 chars).
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t | � Sd S)a) Return the repr() of an object, special-casing types.
If obj is a type, we return a shorter version than the default
type.__repr__, based on the module and qualified name, which is
typically enough to uniquely identify a type. For everything
else, we fall back on repr(obj).
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r< c sI e Z d Z d Z d � f d d � Z d d � Z � f d d � Z � S) �AnyMetazMetaclass for Any.Fc s% t � j | | | | d | �} | S)Nr8 )r= r> )r? r@ rA rB r8 rD )rC r4 r5 r> C s !zAnyMeta.__new__c C s t d � � d S)Nz%Any cannot be used with isinstance().)r9 )rD rh r4 r4 r5 ri G s zAnyMeta.__instancecheck__c s# t | t � s t � j | � Sd S)NT)rU rv r= rm )rD r? )rC r4 r5 rm J s zAnyMeta.__subclasscheck__)r2 rL r1 rN r> ri rm r4 r4 )rC r5 r| @ s r| c @ s e Z d Z d Z f Z d S)r z�Special type indicating an unconstrained type.
- Any object is an instance of Any.
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d � Z d d � Z � S)r a� Type variable.
Usage::
T = TypeVar('T') # Can be anything
A = TypeVar('A', str, bytes) # Must be str or bytes
Type variables exist primarily for the benefit of static type
checkers. They serve as the parameters for generic types as well
as for generic function definitions. See class Generic for more
information on generic types. Generic functions work as follows:
def repeat(x: T, n: int) -> Sequence[T]:
'''Return a list containing n references to x.'''
return [x]*n
def longest(x: A, y: A) -> A:
'''Return the longest of two strings.'''
return x if len(x) >= len(y) else y
The latter example's signature is essentially the overloading
of (str, str) -> str and (bytes, bytes) -> bytes. Also note
that if the arguments are instances of some subclass of str,
the return type is still plain str.
At runtime, isinstance(x, T) will raise TypeError. However,
issubclass(C, T) is true for any class C, and issubclass(str, A)
and issubclass(bytes, A) are true, and issubclass(int, A) is
false.
Type variables may be marked covariant or contravariant by passing
covariant=True or contravariant=True. See PEP 484 for more
details. By default type variables are invariant.
Type variables can be introspected. e.g.:
T.__name__ == 'T'
T.__constraints__ == ()
T.__covariant__ == False
T.__contravariant__ = False
A.__constraints__ == (str, bytes)
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r2 rL r1 rN r> rJ rK rM rx r� r� ri rm r4 r4 )rC r5 r� � s 2 r� c @ s" e Z d Z d Z d Z d Z d S)r a� Union type; Union[X, Y] means either X or Y.
To define a union, use e.g. Union[int, str]. Details:
- The arguments must be types and there must be at least one.
- None as an argument is a special case and is replaced by
type(None).
- Unions of unions are flattened, e.g.::
Union[Union[int, str], float] == Union[int, str, float]
- Unions of a single argument vanish, e.g.::
Union[int] == int # The constructor actually returns int
- Redundant arguments are skipped, e.g.::
Union[int, str, int] == Union[int, str]
- When comparing unions, the argument order is ignored, e.g.::
Union[int, str] == Union[str, int]
- When two arguments have a subclass relationship, the least
derived argument is kept, e.g.::
class Employee: pass
class Manager(Employee): pass
Union[int, Employee, Manager] == Union[int, Employee]
Union[Manager, int, Employee] == Union[int, Employee]
Union[Employee, Manager] == Employee
- Corollary: if Any is present it is the sole survivor, e.g.::
Union[int, Any] == Any
- Similar for object::
Union[int, object] == object
- To cut a tie: Union[object, Any] == Union[Any, object] == Any.
- You cannot subclass or instantiate a union.
- You cannot write Union[X][Y] (what would it mean?).
- You can use Optional[X] as a shorthand for Union[X, None].
N)r2 rL r1 rN r� r� r4 r4 r4 r5 r 9 s 2c s7 e Z d Z d Z d � f d d � Z d d � Z � S)� OptionalMetazMetaclass for Optional.Fc s t � j | | | | d | �S)Nr8 )r= r> )r? r@ rA rB r8 )rC r4 r5 r> u s zOptionalMeta.__new__c C s# t | d � } t | t d � f S)Nz#Optional[t] requires a single type.)rg r rv )rD rc r4 r4 r5 rx x s zOptionalMeta.__getitem__)r2 rL r1 rN r> rx r4 r4 )rC r5 r� r s r� c @ s e Z d Z d Z f Z d S)r zKOptional type.
Optional[X] is equivalent to Union[X, type(None)].
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s� | j d k r" | j d k r" | S| j t k r= | j } n � � f d d � | j D� } t | j � � � } | | j k r� | | j k r� | S| j | j | j i d | d | d d �Sd S)Nc s" g | ] } t | � � � � q Sr4 )rJ )r� ry )rH rI r4 r5 r� s z+CallableMeta._eval_type.<locals>.<listcomp>rE r� r8 T)r� r� r� rJ rC r2 r� )rD rH rI rE r� r4 )rH rI r5 rJ s zCallableMeta._eval_typec s� t � j � } | j d k s- | j d k r� | j t k rE d } n# d d j d d � | j D� � } | d | t | j � f 7} | S)Nz...z[%s]z, c s s | ] } t | � Vq d S)N)r< )r� ry r4 r4 r5 r� s z(CallableMeta.__repr__.<locals>.<genexpr>z[%s, %s])r= rM r� r� r� r: r< )rD r� Zargs_r)rC r4 r5 rM s zCallableMeta.__repr__c
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r2 rL r1 rN r> rK rJ rM rx r� r� ri rm r4 r4 )rC r5 r� � s r� c @ s e Z d Z d Z f Z d S)r a� Callable type; Callable[[int], str] is a function of (int) -> str.
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N)r2 rL r1 rN rQ r4 r4 r4 r5 r I s c C s8 t | t � s t � x | j d k r3 | j } q W| S)z.Return the farthest origin of a generic class.N)rU � GenericMetara �
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r� c C s: t | t � r t | t � s$ t � t | � t | � k S)a% Return whether two generic classes are equivalent.
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% & r� c @ s( e Z d Z d Z f Z d d � Z d S)r a Abstract base class for generic types.
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class Mapping(Generic[KT, VT]):
def __getitem__(self, key: KT) -> VT:
...
# Etc.
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def lookup_name(mapping: Mapping, key: KT, default: VT) -> VT:
try:
return mapping[key]
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For clarity the type variables may be redefined, e.g.::
X = TypeVar('X')
Y = TypeVar('Y')
def lookup_name(mapping: Mapping[X, Y], key: X, default: Y) -> Y:
# Same body as above.
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_get_defaultsA s &r� c C s� t | d d � r i S| d k rI t | d i � } | d k r[ | } n | d k r[ | } t | � } t | j � } xw | j � D]i \ } } t | t � r� t | � } t | | | � } | | k r� | | d k r� t | } | | | <q� W| S)a> Return type hints for a function or method object.
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c C sT t | t � rG x> | j j � D]! } t | t j � r d | _ q Wn d | _ | S)a0 Decorator to indicate that annotations are not type hints.
The argument must be a class or function; if it is a class, it
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function in @no_type_check.
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_ProtocolMetaz~Internal metaclass for _Protocol.
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from Generic.
c C s t d � � d S)Nz+Protocols cannot be used with isinstance().)r9 )rD rh r4 r4 r5 ri � s z _ProtocolMeta.__instancecheck__c sd | j s
t S| t k r d S| j � } x4 | D], � t � f d d � | j D� � s0 d Sq0 Wd S)NTc 3 s | ] } � | j k Vq d S)N)r� )r� �d)�attrr4 r5 r� � s z2_ProtocolMeta.__subclasscheck__.<locals>.<genexpr>F)rO r� � _Protocol�_get_protocol_attrsr� r� )rD r? �attrsr4 )r� r5 rm � s
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k rn | d k rn | j | � qn WqX W| S) NrO Fr� �_abc_�__abstractmethods__r� rQ r� r� r� rL ) r� r� r2 r� r� r� �keys�
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z!_ProtocolMeta._get_protocol_attrsN)r2 rL r1 rN ri rm r� r4 r4 r4 r5 r� � s r� c @ s" e Z d Z d Z f Z d Z d S)r� z�Internal base class for protocol classes.
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TN)r2 rL r1 rN rQ rO r4 r4 r4 r5 r� � s r� c @ s e Z d Z f Z d S)r N)r2 rL r1 rQ r4 r4 r4 r5 r � s r� c @ s e Z d Z f Z d S)r N)r2 rL r1 rQ r4 r4 r4 r5 r � s c @ s1 e Z d Z f Z e e d d d � � � Z d S)r )�returnc C s d S)Nr4 )rD r4 r4 r5 �__int__� s zSupportsInt.__int__N)r2 rL r1 rQ r �intr� r4 r4 r4 r5 r � s c @ s1 e Z d Z f Z e e d d d � � � Z d S)r )r� c C s d S)Nr4 )rD r4 r4 r5 � __float__ s zSupportsFloat.__float__N)r2 rL r1 rQ r �floatr� r4 r4 r4 r5 r s c @ s1 e Z d Z f Z e e d d d � � � Z d S)�SupportsComplex)r� c C s d S)Nr4 )rD r4 r4 r5 � __complex__ s zSupportsComplex.__complex__N)r2 rL r1 rQ r �complexr� r4 r4 r4 r5 r� s r� c @ s1 e Z d Z f Z e e d d d � � � Z d S)�
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N)r2 rL r1 rQ r4 r4 r4 r5 r
3 s c @ s e Z d Z d S)r N)r2 rL r1 r4 r4 r4 r5 r : s c @ s e Z d Z d S)r N)r2 rL r1 r4 r4 r4 r5 r ? s c @ s e Z d Z d S)r N)r2 rL r1 r4 r4 r4 r5 r D s c @ s e Z d Z d S)r N)r2 rL r1 r4 r4 r4 r5 r I s c @ s e Z d Z d S)r N)r2 rL r1 r4 r4 r4 r5 r M s c @ s e Z d Z d S)r N)r2 rL r1 r4 r4 r4 r5 r R s c @ s e Z d Z d S)r N)r2 rL r1 r4 r4 r4 r5 r V s � c @ s e Z d Z d d � Z d S)r! c O s. t | t � r t d � � t j | | | � S)Nz4Type List cannot be instantiated; use list() instead)r� r! r9 r� r> )r? rE rF r4 r4 r5 r> _ s z List.__new__N)r2 rL r1 r> r4 r4 r4 r5 r! ] s c @ s e Z d Z d d � Z d S)r" c O s. t | t � r t d � � t j | | | � S)Nz2Type Set cannot be instantiated; use set() instead)r� r" r9 r� r> )r? rE rF r4 r4 r5 r> h s z Set.__new__N)r2 rL r1 r> r4 r4 r4 r5 r" f s c s( e Z d Z d Z � f d d � Z � S)�_FrozenSetMetaz�This metaclass ensures set is not a subclass of FrozenSet.
Without this metaclass, set would be considered a subclass of
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set is a subclass of that.
c s# t | t � r d St � j | � S)NF)rl r" r= rm )rD r? )rC r4 r5 rm w s z _FrozenSetMeta.__subclasscheck__)r2 rL r1 rN rm r4 r4 )rC r5 r o s r c @ s" e Z d Z f Z d d � Z d S)� FrozenSetc O s. t | t � r t d � � t j | | | � S)Nz>Type FrozenSet cannot be instantiated; use frozenset() instead)r� r r9 r� r> )r? rE rF r4 r4 r5 r> � s zFrozenSet.__new__N)r2 rL r1 rQ r> r4 r4 r4 r5 r } s r c @ s e Z d Z d S)r N)r2 rL r1 r4 r4 r4 r5 r � s c @ s e Z d Z d S)r N)r2 rL r1 r4 r4 r4 r5 r � s c @ s e Z d Z d S)r N)r2 rL r1 r4 r4 r4 r5 r � s c @ s e Z d Z d S)r N)r2 rL r1 r4 r4 r4 r5 r � s c @ s e Z d Z d d � Z d S)r c O s. t | t � r t d � � t j | | | � S)Nz4Type Dict cannot be instantiated; use dict() instead)r� r r9 rf r> )r? rE rF r4 r4 r5 r> � s z Dict.__new__N)r2 rL r1 r> r4 r4 r4 r5 r � s c s( e Z d Z f Z � f d d � Z � S)r$ c s1 t | t � r t d � � t � j | | | � S)Nz@Type Generator cannot be instantiated; create a subclass instead)r� r$ r9 r= r> )r? rE rF )rC r4 r5 r> � s zGenerator.__new__)r2 rL r1 rQ r> r4 r4 )rC r5 r$ � s c C s� d d � | D� } t j | d d � | D� � } t | � | _ y% t j d � j j d d � | _ Wn t t
f k
r� Yn X| S)a� Typed version of namedtuple.
Usage::
Employee = typing.NamedTuple('Employee', [('name', str), 'id', int)])
This is equivalent to::
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Rosenblum TV: Video training, virtual workshops, classes, tutorials
RE-INVENTING THE TELEVISION NEWS BUSINESS*
A revolution in video storytelling
Creating entirely new & cost-effective production methods
From the world leaders in video production training and the creators of Character Driven Storytelling™
*and every other business that uses video
WHAT WE DO
Over the past 35 years, we have designed, built or restructured some of the most powerful news and journalism companies in the world.
We replace the traditional TV news ‘crew’ with one highly trained journalist, working alone with nothing but an iPhone.
No more TV news ‘crews’, no editors and no field producers.
This is television news done the way newspaper journalism is done – one reporter with their electronic pad and pencil.
In doing this, we can cut the cost of production by as much as 75% while increasing ratings and audience engagement.
In the place of conventional TV news ‘packages’ – ie, reporter stand up, interview, b-roll, man on the street, we marry great journalism with Netflix and Hollywood storytelling.
It’s a combination that works.
We have taken most of our clients to #1 in their respective markets.
And it’s not just for news. Any company, any profit, any NGO and anyone else who is online needs to tell their story in compelling yet cost-effective video. We can teach you to do that. Either in person or virtually.
EXAMPLES OF WHAT WE CAN TEACH YOUR STAFF TO PRODUCE
ITAY HOD
Itay Hod, MMJ with KPIX/CBS in San Francisco, took the 5-Day Intensive Video Storytelling Bootcamp in 2018.
Because he works alone, with only an iPhone, he was able to embed himself with a homeless family.
Here’s the story he produced in a one-day turn.
KIET DO
Kiet Do, an MMJ with KPIX/CBS in San Francisco, took the 5-Day Intensive Video Storytelling Bootcamp in 2021.
Here is a story he produced, all on his own, with only an iPhone and in a one-day turn.
TAYLOR SCHAUB
Taylor Schaub, an MMJ with Spectrum News 1 in LA, took the 5-Day Intensive Video Storytelling Bootcamp in 2023.
Here is a story he turned in only one day, using only an iPhone. It was the first video story he ever did and it was nominated for an Emmy.
THE BOOTCAMP
How do we convert stations and whole networks to working in this way?
Since 1988, we have run intensive 5-Day Video Storytelling Bootcamps
We have done these all over the world.
These are hands-on bootcamps, and participants learn an entirely new way of creating TV news stories.
-We shoot at a 3:1 ratio or lower, so turnaround times are fast.
-We go directly from camera to timelilne and edit – no written scripts. We work in the medium of pictures and sound.
-We are entirely character-driven.
-We are driven by pictures and real events.
-We are focused almost entirely on ’the viewer experience’.
Since 1988, more than 70,000 journalists around the world have taken our bootcamps, either in person on virtualy.
We have started to work with CBS News, bringing our ideas of character-driven storytelling to one of the most successful and biggest networks in the United States. Since beginning to work with them ratings have climbed and more importantly, audience engagement is through the ceiling.
We started New York Times Television in 1990 and it was the first paper to be brought into the world of TV. It quickly became one of the most successful non-fiction production companies in the United States. The series and documentaries we produced won many awards including multiple Emmys.
We have been working with the BBC since the year 2000 helping to convert their national news network to our visual storytelling technique. Most recently we have trained teams from their sports, documentaries, and comedy divisions to make character-driven stories using only smartphones.
For the past five years we have worked with Spectrum News to introduce and train their journalists on visual, character driven storytelling using smartphones helping to create a different kind of local news for their network of 24-Hour News Stations across the United States.
In 2006, we were approached by the United Nations. Rather than rely on news outlets, it would be much easier to train the field operatives to produce their own stories. We spent two years working with the UN, training more than 100 of their staff in bootcamps in Geneva and Nairobi.
We trained 50 print reporters at the paper to shoot and tell their own stories, in conjunction with their print work. We built a TV newsroom in their existing print newsroom – you could not ask for a better set and they began to live stream their stories in conjunction with their print work.
We spent two years with McGraw Hill, training more than 150 of their staffers, making them completely video literate. McGraw/Hill media properties we transit included Business Week, Aviation Week, (what was the name of the architecture magazine), and JD Power and Associates.
In 1990, we were approached by The Voice of America, the official broadcasting agency for the United States Government. When we met with VOA, they were only a short wave radio broadcaster, but working with them, we took them into television, launching VOA-TV.
British based Oyster Yachts makes some of the finest yachts in the world. Like every other company, they had to find a way to feed the never-ending video demands of social media – sites like Instagram and TikTok. We trained the Oyster staff to tell their own stories, using only iPhones.
We were approached by SEPA, the Scottish Environmental Protection Agency because they had to continually find a way to ‘feed the media beast’. The result was that SEPA was able to tell their own stories, whenever they wanted, and at almost no additional cost.
Michael Rosenblum has been writing about the media since 1988. His work and ideas have appeared in The Guardian, The Huffington Post, Ilkeston Life and many other publications.
He has been blogging regularly for the past 35 years on this subject. Having taught media studies at Columbia University, NYU and now the University of Oxford, he is considered an expert on this subject.
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