Current File : //opt/rh/rh-python35/root/lib64/python3.5/__pycache__/fractions.cpython-35.pyc
���\F_ � @ s� d Z d d l m Z d d l Z d d l Z d d l Z d d l Z d d l Z d d g Z d d � Z d d � Z
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d � d e j � Z d S) z+Fraction, infinite-precision, real numbers.� )�DecimalN�Fraction�gcdc C s� d d l } | j d t d � t | � t k oB t | � k n rz | pP | d k rj t j | | � St j | | � St | | � S)z�Calculate the Greatest Common Divisor of a and b.
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\A\s* # optional whitespace at the start, then
(?P<sign>[-+]?) # an optional sign, then
(?=\d|\.\d) # lookahead for digit or .digit
(?P<num>\d*) # numerator (possibly empty)
(?: # followed by
(?:/(?P<denom>\d+))? # an optional denominator
| # or
(?:\.(?P<decimal>\d*))? # an optional fractional part
(?:E(?P<exp>[-+]?\d+))? # and optional exponent
)
\s*\Z # and optional whitespace to finish
c se e Z d Z d Z dR Z d d d � f d d � Z e d d
� � Z e d d � � Z d
d d � Z e
d d � � Z e
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d d � Z d d � Z d d � Z e e e j � \ Z Z d d � Z e e e j � \ Z Z d d � Z e e e j � \ Z Z d d! � Z e e e j � \ Z Z d" d# � Z! d$ d% � Z" d& d' � Z# d( d) � Z$ d* d+ � Z% d, d- � Z& d. d/ � Z' d0 d1 � Z( d2 d3 � Z) d4 d5 � Z* d6 d7 � Z+ d8 d9 � Z, d d: d; � Z- d< d= � Z. d> d? � Z/ d@ dA � Z0 dB dC � Z1 dD dE � Z2 dF dG � Z3 dH dI � Z4 dJ dK � Z5 dL dM � Z6 dN dO � Z7 dP dQ � Z8 � S)Sr a] This class implements rational numbers.
In the two-argument form of the constructor, Fraction(8, 6) will
produce a rational number equivalent to 4/3. Both arguments must
be Rational. The numerator defaults to 0 and the denominator
defaults to 1 so that Fraction(3) == 3 and Fraction() == 0.
Fractions can also be constructed from:
- numeric strings similar to those accepted by the
float constructor (for example, '-2.3' or '1e10')
- strings of the form '123/456'
- float and Decimal instances
- other Rational instances (including integers)
�
_numerator� _denominatorr NTc sU t t | � j | � } | d k r+t | � t k rL | | _ d | _ | St | t j � rz | j
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k r+| } n t | | � } | | } | | } | | _ | | _ | S)a� Constructs a Rational.
Takes a string like '3/2' or '1.5', another Rational instance, a
numerator/denominator pair, or a float.
Examples
--------
>>> Fraction(10, -8)
Fraction(-5, 4)
>>> Fraction(Fraction(1, 7), 5)
Fraction(1, 35)
>>> Fraction(Fraction(1, 7), Fraction(2, 3))
Fraction(3, 14)
>>> Fraction('314')
Fraction(314, 1)
>>> Fraction('-35/4')
Fraction(-35, 4)
>>> Fraction('3.1415') # conversion from numeric string
Fraction(6283, 2000)
>>> Fraction('-47e-2') # string may include a decimal exponent
Fraction(-47, 100)
>>> Fraction(1.47) # direct construction from float (exact conversion)
Fraction(6620291452234629, 4503599627370496)
>>> Fraction(2.25)
Fraction(9, 4)
>>> Fraction(Decimal('1.47'))
Fraction(147, 100)
N� z Invalid literal for Fraction: %rZnum�0�denom�decimal�
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zFraction.__new__c C s� t | t j � r | | � St | t � sP t d | j | t | � j f � � t j | � rx t d | | j f � � t j
| � r� t d | | j f � � | | j � � S)z�Converts a finite float to a rational number, exactly.
Beware that Fraction.from_float(0.3) != Fraction(3, 10).
z.%s.from_float() only takes floats, not %r (%s)zCannot convert %r to %s.)
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d | | j f � � | j � r� t d | | j f � � | j
� \ } } } t d j t t | � � � } | r� | } | d k r| | d | � S| | d | � Sd S)zAConverts a finite Decimal instance to a rational number, exactly.r )r z2%s.from_decimal() only takes Decimals, not %r (%s)zCannot convert %s to %s.� r N)r r r r r4 r
r+ r5 r Z is_infiniter8 Zis_nanr( Zas_tuple�join�mapr% )r- Zdecr r Zdigitsr r r r r$ � s& zFraction.from_decimali@B c
C s% | d k r t d � � | j | k r1 t | � Sd \ } } } } | j | j } } xd | | } | | | } | | k r~ P| | | | | | f \ } } } } | | | | } } qY W| | | }
t | |
| | |
| � } t | | � } t | | � t | | � k r | S| Sd S)aW Closest Fraction to self with denominator at most max_denominator.
>>> Fraction('3.141592653589793').limit_denominator(10)
Fraction(22, 7)
>>> Fraction('3.141592653589793').limit_denominator(100)
Fraction(311, 99)
>>> Fraction(4321, 8765).limit_denominator(10000)
Fraction(4321, 8765)
r z$max_denominator should be at least 1r N)r r r r )r( r r r �abs)
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repr(self)z
%s(%s, %s))r3 r5 r r )r/ r r r �__repr__2 s zFraction.__repr__c C s4 | j d k r t | j � Sd | j | j f Sd S)z str(self)r z%s/%sN)r r% r )r/ r r r �__str__7 s
zFraction.__str__c st � � f d d � } d � j d | _ � j | _ � � f d d � } d � j d | _ � j | _ | | f S)a� Generates forward and reverse operators given a purely-rational
operator and a function from the operator module.
Use this like:
__op__, __rop__ = _operator_fallbacks(just_rational_op, operator.op)
In general, we want to implement the arithmetic operations so
that mixed-mode operations either call an implementation whose
author knew about the types of both arguments, or convert both
to the nearest built in type and do the operation there. In
Fraction, that means that we define __add__ and __radd__ as:
def __add__(self, other):
# Both types have numerators/denominator attributes,
# so do the operation directly
if isinstance(other, (int, Fraction)):
return Fraction(self.numerator * other.denominator +
other.numerator * self.denominator,
self.denominator * other.denominator)
# float and complex don't have those operations, but we
# know about those types, so special case them.
elif isinstance(other, float):
return float(self) + other
elif isinstance(other, complex):
return complex(self) + other
# Let the other type take over.
return NotImplemented
def __radd__(self, other):
# radd handles more types than add because there's
# nothing left to fall back to.
if isinstance(other, numbers.Rational):
return Fraction(self.numerator * other.denominator +
other.numerator * self.denominator,
self.denominator * other.denominator)
elif isinstance(other, Real):
return float(other) + float(self)
elif isinstance(other, Complex):
return complex(other) + complex(self)
return NotImplemented
There are 5 different cases for a mixed-type addition on
Fraction. I'll refer to all of the above code that doesn't
refer to Fraction, float, or complex as "boilerplate". 'r'
will be an instance of Fraction, which is a subtype of
Rational (r : Fraction <: Rational), and b : B <:
Complex. The first three involve 'r + b':
1. If B <: Fraction, int, float, or complex, we handle
that specially, and all is well.
2. If Fraction falls back to the boilerplate code, and it
were to return a value from __add__, we'd miss the
possibility that B defines a more intelligent __radd__,
so the boilerplate should return NotImplemented from
__add__. In particular, we don't handle Rational
here, even though we could get an exact answer, in case
the other type wants to do something special.
3. If B <: Fraction, Python tries B.__radd__ before
Fraction.__add__. This is ok, because it was
implemented with knowledge of Fraction, so it can
handle those instances before delegating to Real or
Complex.
The next two situations describe 'b + r'. We assume that b
didn't know about Fraction in its implementation, and that it
uses similar boilerplate code:
4. If B <: Rational, then __radd_ converts both to the
builtin rational type (hey look, that's us) and
proceeds.
5. Otherwise, __radd__ tries to find the nearest common
base ABC, and fall back to its builtin type. Since this
class doesn't subclass a concrete type, there's no
implementation to fall back to, so we need to try as
hard as possible to return an actual value, or the user
will get a TypeError.
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r �divr r r �__mod__� s
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rX r r r �__rmod__� s
zFraction.__rmod__c C s� t | t j � r� | j d k r} | j } | d k rW t | j | | j | d d �St | j | | j | d d �Sq� t | � t | � Sn t | � | Sd S)z�a ** b
If b is not an integer, the result will be a float or complex
since roots are generally irrational. If b is an integer, the
result will be rational.
r r r. FN) r r r r! r r r r r" )r
r Zpowerr r r �__pow__� s
zFraction.__pow__c C sz | j d k r) | j d k r) | | j St | t j � rR t | j | j � | S| j d k rl | | j S| t | � S)za ** br r ) r r r r r r r r! r" )r r
r r r �__rpow__� s zFraction.__rpow__c C s t | j | j d d �S)z++a: Coerces a subclass instance to Fractionr. F)r r r )r
r r r �__pos__ s zFraction.__pos__c C s t | j | j d d �S)z-ar. F)r r r )r
r r r �__neg__ s zFraction.__neg__c C s t t | j � | j d d �S)zabs(a)r. F)r r> r r )r
r r r �__abs__ s zFraction.__abs__c C s1 | j d k r | j | j S| j | j Sd S)ztrunc(a)r N)r r )r
r r r � __trunc__ s zFraction.__trunc__c C s | j | j S)z Will be math.floor(a) in 3.0.)r r! )r
r r r � __floor__ s zFraction.__floor__c C s | j | j S)z Will be math.ceil(a) in 3.0.)r r! )r
r r r �__ceil__ s zFraction.__ceil__c C s� | d k ru t | j | j � \ } } | d | j k r> | S| d | j k rY | d S| d d k rm | S| d Sd t | � } | d k r� t t | | � | � St t | | � | � Sd S)zOWill be round(self, ndigits) in 3.0.
Rounds half toward even.
Nr r r r )�divmodr r! r> r �round)r/ ZndigitsrU Z remainderZshiftr r r � __round__ s zFraction.__round__c C sl t | j t d t � } | s( t } n t | j � | t } | d k rQ | n | } | d k rh d S| S)z
hash(self)r r r ������)�powr �_PyHASH_MODULUS� _PyHASH_INFr> r )r/ ZdinvZhash_�resultr r r �__hash__5 s zFraction.__hash__c C s� t | � t k r. | j | k o- | j d k St | t j � rb | j | j k oa | j | j k St | t j � r� | j
d k r� | j } t | t � r� t
j | � s� t
j | � r� d | k S| | j | � k Sn t Sd S)za == br r g N)r r
r r r r r r r! rK �imag�realr" r r6 r7 r# rF )r
r r r r �__eq__K s !
zFraction.__eq__c C s� t | t j � r3 | | j | j | j | j � St | t � r� t j | � s` t j
| � rm | d | � S| | | j | � � Sn t Sd S)ac Helper for comparison operators, for internal use only.
Implement comparison between a Rational instance `self`, and
either another Rational instance or a float `other`. If
`other` is not a Rational instance or a float, return
NotImplemented. `op` should be one of the six standard
comparison operators.
g N)
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r r r r �__lt__v s zFraction.__lt__c C s | j | t j � S)za > b)rr rs �gt)r
r r r r �__gt__z s zFraction.__gt__c C s | j | t j � S)za <= b)rr rs �le)r
r r r r �__le__~ s zFraction.__le__c C s | j | t j � S)za >= b)rr rs �ge)r
r r r r �__ge__� s zFraction.__ge__c C s
| j d k S)za != 0r )r )r
r r r �__bool__� s zFraction.__bool__c C s | j t | � f f S)N)r3 r% )r/ r r r �
__reduce__� s zFraction.__reduce__c C s, t | � t k r | S| j | j | j � S)N)r r r3 r r )r/ r r r �__copy__� s zFraction.__copy__c C s, t | � t k r | S| j | j | j � S)N)r r r3 r r )r/ �memor r r � __deepcopy__� s zFraction.__deepcopy__)z
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__module__� __qualname__rM � __slots__r � classmethodr# r$ rB �propertyr r! rC rD rN rQ rs �add�__add__�__radd__rR �sub�__sub__�__rsub__rS �mul�__mul__�__rmul__rT �truediv� __truediv__� __rtruediv__rV rW rY rZ r[ r\ r] r^ r_ r` ra rb re rl ro rr ru rw ry r{ r| r} r~ r� r r )r3 r r < sV u7 k )rM r r r r rs �re�sys�__all__r r � hash_info�modulusri �infrj �compile�VERBOSE�
IGNORECASEr& r r r r r r �<module> s
Rosenblum TV: Video training, virtual workshops, classes, tutorials
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In the place of conventional TV news ‘packages’ – ie, reporter stand up, interview, b-roll, man on the street, we marry great journalism with Netflix and Hollywood storytelling.
It’s a combination that works.
We have taken most of our clients to #1 in their respective markets.
And it’s not just for news. Any company, any profit, any NGO and anyone else who is online needs to tell their story in compelling yet cost-effective video. We can teach you to do that. Either in person or virtually.
EXAMPLES OF WHAT WE CAN TEACH YOUR STAFF TO PRODUCE
ITAY HOD
Itay Hod, MMJ with KPIX/CBS in San Francisco, took the 5-Day Intensive Video Storytelling Bootcamp in 2018.
Because he works alone, with only an iPhone, he was able to embed himself with a homeless family.
Here’s the story he produced in a one-day turn.
KIET DO
Kiet Do, an MMJ with KPIX/CBS in San Francisco, took the 5-Day Intensive Video Storytelling Bootcamp in 2021.
Here is a story he produced, all on his own, with only an iPhone and in a one-day turn.
TAYLOR SCHAUB
Taylor Schaub, an MMJ with Spectrum News 1 in LA, took the 5-Day Intensive Video Storytelling Bootcamp in 2023.
Here is a story he turned in only one day, using only an iPhone. It was the first video story he ever did and it was nominated for an Emmy.
THE BOOTCAMP
How do we convert stations and whole networks to working in this way?
Since 1988, we have run intensive 5-Day Video Storytelling Bootcamps
We have done these all over the world.
These are hands-on bootcamps, and participants learn an entirely new way of creating TV news stories.
-We shoot at a 3:1 ratio or lower, so turnaround times are fast.
-We go directly from camera to timelilne and edit – no written scripts. We work in the medium of pictures and sound.
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Since 1988, more than 70,000 journalists around the world have taken our bootcamps, either in person on virtualy.
We have started to work with CBS News, bringing our ideas of character-driven storytelling to one of the most successful and biggest networks in the United States. Since beginning to work with them ratings have climbed and more importantly, audience engagement is through the ceiling.
We started New York Times Television in 1990 and it was the first paper to be brought into the world of TV. It quickly became one of the most successful non-fiction production companies in the United States. The series and documentaries we produced won many awards including multiple Emmys.
We have been working with the BBC since the year 2000 helping to convert their national news network to our visual storytelling technique. Most recently we have trained teams from their sports, documentaries, and comedy divisions to make character-driven stories using only smartphones.
For the past five years we have worked with Spectrum News to introduce and train their journalists on visual, character driven storytelling using smartphones helping to create a different kind of local news for their network of 24-Hour News Stations across the United States.
In 2006, we were approached by the United Nations. Rather than rely on news outlets, it would be much easier to train the field operatives to produce their own stories. We spent two years working with the UN, training more than 100 of their staff in bootcamps in Geneva and Nairobi.
We trained 50 print reporters at the paper to shoot and tell their own stories, in conjunction with their print work. We built a TV newsroom in their existing print newsroom – you could not ask for a better set and they began to live stream their stories in conjunction with their print work.
We spent two years with McGraw Hill, training more than 150 of their staffers, making them completely video literate. McGraw/Hill media properties we transit included Business Week, Aviation Week, (what was the name of the architecture magazine), and JD Power and Associates.
In 1990, we were approached by The Voice of America, the official broadcasting agency for the United States Government. When we met with VOA, they were only a short wave radio broadcaster, but working with them, we took them into television, launching VOA-TV.
British based Oyster Yachts makes some of the finest yachts in the world. Like every other company, they had to find a way to feed the never-ending video demands of social media – sites like Instagram and TikTok. We trained the Oyster staff to tell their own stories, using only iPhones.
We were approached by SEPA, the Scottish Environmental Protection Agency because they had to continually find a way to ‘feed the media beast’. The result was that SEPA was able to tell their own stories, whenever they wanted, and at almost no additional cost.
Michael Rosenblum has been writing about the media since 1988. His work and ideas have appeared in The Guardian, The Huffington Post, Ilkeston Life and many other publications.
He has been blogging regularly for the past 35 years on this subject. Having taught media studies at Columbia University, NYU and now the University of Oxford, he is considered an expert on this subject.
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